Effect of Shenling Baizhusan on Electrogastrogram in Children with Spleen Deficiency Diarrhea / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Shenling Baizhusan on electrogastrogram in children with spleen deficiency diarrhea. To clarify the occurrence of gastric electrical rhythm disorder in children with this disease， and to study whether Shenling Baizhusan can improve the abnormal gastric motility in children with diarrhea （spleen deficiency） MethodA total of 125 children with spleen deficiency diarrhea in the outpatient department of Children's Hospital of Shanghai from October 2019 to March 2021 were selected as the research objects， and they were randomly divided into a control group （60 cases） and an observation group （65 cases）. The children in the control group were treated with Montmorillonite powder combined with probiotics treatment， and the children in the observation group were additionally treated with Shenling Baizhusan. The course of treatment for both groups was 1 week. The clinical efficacy of the two groups of children after treatment and the scores of main traditional Chinese medcine（TCM） symptoms before and after treatment were compared， and the changes in the main parameters of electrogastrogram in children before and after treatment were compared. ResultAfter treatment， the total effective rate of observation group （90.77%， 59/65） was higher than that of control group （76.67%，46/60） （χ2=4.617， P<0.05）. After treatment， scores of fecal morphology， frequency of defecation， fatigue， inappetence， and other symptoms in both groups were lower than that before treatment （P<0.05）， and the observation group was lower than the control group （P<0.05）. As compared with before treatment， the main frequency， the percentage of normal slow wave， and the percentage of normal gastric electrical rhythm in the two groups increased after treatment （P<0.05）， and the control group was lower than the observation group （P<0.05）. The proportion of children with slow gastric rhythm decreased （P<0.05） as compared with before treatment， and the control group was higher than the observation group （P<0.05）. ConclusionShenling Baizhusan can significantly relieve the diarrhea symptoms in children with spleen deficiency diarrhea and improve gastric motility with good clinical effects.

Safety evaluation of niuhuang jiedu tablet / 中国中药杂志

Realgar-containing Niuhuang Jiedu tablet (NHJD) has been applied in clinic for more than 800 years. However, because realgar contains arsenic (As), it has aroused wide concerns and controversies both at home and abroad. Currently, there are two misunderstandings about realgar-containing Chinese patent medicines. First, some people exaggerated realgar's toxicity as that of arsenic. Second, they recommended to remove realgar from traditional Chinese medicine compounds. In this paper, the authors summarized the advance in studies on NHJD, and proposed different opinions: (1) It is inappropriate to take total As as the index in safety evaluation of NHJD. (2) The toxicity of NHJD is dependent on the dose and duration of administration. (3) Realgar is an active ingredient of NHJD, and shall be deeply studied. Classic realgar-containing traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, such as Niuhuang Jiedu tablet, shall be evaluated with rigorous modern scientific basis, with the aim to guide rational and safe application.

Combined immunoprophylaxis induces changes in anti-hepatitis B surface protein titer in infants born to mothers with positivity for hepatitis B surface antigen / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To conduct a prospective randomized controlled trial of infants born to hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers in order to investigate the dynamic changes in the titer of anti-HBV surface protein (HBS) induced by treatment with combined immunoprophylaxis (200 IU hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and 5 or 10 mug yeast recombinant hepatitis B vaccine), to compare the protective effect of 5 and 10 mug hepatitis B vaccine, and to provide an immunization strategy, monitoring mode and booster immunization schedule for the high-risk group.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two-hundred-and-sixty-nine infants born to HBsAg positive mothers were given combined immunoprophylaxis at birth, and the venous blood samples (at birth, and 1, 7 and 12 months) were tested for HBV DNA load, and HBsAg and anti-HBS titers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall 1-year protective rate of combined immunoprophylaxis was 95.9%. There was no significant difference between the infectious rates of infants given the 5 mug or the 10 mug hepatitis B vaccine (x2 = 0.876, P = 0.377). The geometric mean titers (GMTs) of anti-HBS were 144.1 mIU/ml at 1-month old and 564.9 mIU/ml at the age of 7 months old (the highest point), but declined to 397.6 mIU/ml at the age of 12 months old. The rate of infants with anti-HBS titer less than 100 mIU/ml was 20.9%, and that of less than 10 mIU/ml was 7.4% at 7-month-old; the rate of infants with anti-HBS titer less than 100 mIU/ml increased to 30.2% and that of less than 10 mIU/ml increased to 15.9% at 12-month-old. At 7-month-old, the GMT of the 10 mug vaccine group was higher than that of the 5 mug vaccine group (675.3 mIU/ml vs. 25.0 mIU/ml, P = 0.001) and the rate of infants with anti-HBS titer less than 10 mIU/ml was significantly lower in the 10 mug vaccine group (2.3% vs. 12.6%, P = 0.002); at 12-month-old, the rate of infants with anti-HBS titer less than 100 mIU/ml was also significantly lower in the 10 mug group (20.6% vs. 40.2%, P = 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined immunoprophylaxis is therapeutically efficacious for treating infants born to HBsAg positive mothers. Monitoring these infants' anti-HBs titer will help to identify non- or low-responders in a timely manner. The high-dose hepatitis B vaccine is preferable to the low-dose, and should be considered for use in immunization strategies for these infants.</p>

Significances of gene differential expression patterns in hepatocirrhosis and non-hepatocirrhosis tissues within different ischemic time / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the gene differential expression patterns in hepatocirrhosis and non-hepatocirrhosis tissues within different ischemic time.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The liver tissues were divided into two groups: Group A (non-hepatocirrhosis), Group B (hepatocirrhosis), each of which consisted of 3 groups with different ischemic time: 15, 30 and 45 minutes. The gene differential expression patterns in the two groups within different ischemic time were detected and compared with those in normal liver tissues by using 4000 points gene microarray.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In non-hepatocirrhosis tissues, the homeostatic maintenance genes expressed highly during hepatic ischemia for 15 minutes, and no apoptotic gene was expressed; but in hepatocirrhosis tissues, many apoptotic genes expressed highly. As for 30 minutes, in both two groups liver tissue genes expressed to the peak, and the genes related to cell death, oxidative stress and nuclear factors expressed highly. The difference lies in the facts that in Group B pro-apoptosis genes expressed more than those in Group A, and the Ratio values were higher than those in Group A. Many genes of heat shock protein family and antioxidant proteins expressed highly simultaneously in Group A, but comparatively low in Group B. As for 45 minutes, genes of heat shock proteins and antioxidant proteins expressed lowly in Group B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It suggests that the safe time limit of hepatic ischemia for cell survive is 30 minutes or so. Non-hepatocirrhosis tissues could endure 30 minutes of ischemia and even longer, but it should be restricted within 30 minutes in hepatocirrhosis tissues.</p>

Increased expression of human calcium-activated chloride channel 1 is correlated with mucus overproduction in the airways of Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is usually complicated with mucus overproduction in airway. Recently the increased expression of the human calcium-activated chloride channel 1 (CaCC(1)) was found to play an important role in mucus overproduction in the asthmatic airways. To investigate the relationship of CaCC(1) and mucus overproduction in the airway of Chinese patients with COPD, the expressions of CaCC(1), MUC5AC and mucus in bronchial tissues were examined.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bronchial tissues were obtained from fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchial biopsy in West China Hospital from April to July in 2004. Twenty-five patients were diagnosed as the patients with COPD overproduction, and other 20 were the control subjects. The expressions of CaCC(1), MUC5AC and mucin in bronchial tissues were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in situ hybridization with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled RNA probe, immunohistochemical and alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the stronger expressions of CaCC(1) were further detected throughout the bronchial tissues from patients with COPD (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the stronger expressions of the CaCC(1) mRNA were related to the severity of airflow obstruction. Samples from COPD showed a stronger staining for MUC5AC than those in control subjects (P < 0.01) and AB-PAS staining revealed more mucins in COPD patients' submucosal gland comparing with that in control subjects (P < 0.01). Expression levels of the CaCC(1) mRNA were respectively negatively correlated with the patients' forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity (FVC) data, FEV(1)% predicted data, V(50)% predicted data, V(25)% predicted data (r = -0.43, r = -0.43, r = -0.35, r = -0.36, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05). While the expression levels of the CaCC(1) mRNA were well correlated with the expression levels of the MUC5AC mRNA of airway epithelium and the PAS-AB stained area of submucosal glands (r = 0.39, r = 0.46, P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Expression levels of the MUC5AC mRNA were negatively correlated with the patients' FEV(1)/FVC data (P = 0.01), FEV(1)% pred data (P = 0.01), V(50)% predicted data, V(25)% predicted data (r = -0.53, r = -0.53, r = -0.48, r = -0.43, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). While the expression levels of the MUC5AC mRNA were well correlated with the positively PAS-AB stained area of submucosal gland (P < 0.05), and the correlation coefficients were 0.43.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggest that the stronger gene expression of CaCC(1) exists, complicated with mucus overproduction in the airway of Chinese patients with COPD.</p>