Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire–Carer

Background@#and Purpose The importance of the quality of life (QOL) of carers has been increasingly recognized as it has a wide range of effects on the psychological, emotional, and social outcomes of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Understanding their QOL is important as it reflects their unique characteristics; however, there have been few studies on this in Korea. This study aimed to translate and validate the Korean version of the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire–Carer (PDQ-Carer). @*Methods@#This was a methodological study that included a translation process and a crosssectional investigation. The Korean version of the scale was developed using back translation, semantic adjustment, and pretests. The final version was self-administered by 125 Korean family carers. Cronbach’s alpha values were used to assess the internal consistency of the PDQ-Carer. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to validate the translated scale. @*Results@#Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors that accounted for 64.51% of the variance. A modified model using modification indices was found to fit the data well in the confirmatory factor analysis. That factor analysis supported the structure of the original four factors with relocation of several items that reflected Korean culture. Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.96 for the total scale, 0.93 for personal and social activities, 0.89 for strain, 0.85 for anxiety and depression, and 0.85 for self-care. @*Conclusions@#This study verified that the Korean version of the PDQ-Carer can be used to acquire important information about the multidimensional aspects of the QOL of Korean carers for patients with PD.

The Effects of Emotional Labor and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment in Staffs by the Size of Facility

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing organizational commitment of staffs according to the size of long-term care facility. @*Methods@#A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed. Data collection was conducted for a total of 315 employees in long-term care facilities located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongbuk, and Chungnam. Data were collected from July 2018 to October 2018 using questionnaires which included emotional labor, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and general characteristics. In order to confirm the differences in the size of the facility, the facilities with less than 30 beds, those with 30-99 beds, and those with more than 100 beds were analyzed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression. @*Results@#The job satisfaction and organizational commitment were significantly different according to the size of long-term care facility. Organizational commitment was influenced by ‘external job satisfaction’ in less than 30 beds, was influenced by ‘external job satisfaction, and attentiveness to required display rules of emotional labor’ in 30~99 beds, and then was influenced by ‘type of job, and internal job satisfaction’ in more than 100 beds. The predict variables accounted for 23.0%, 41.0%, and 34.0% of organizational commitment respectively. @*Conclusion@#These findings show that tailored interventions should be provided depending on the size of facility in order to increase organizational commitment. In addition, organizational commitment programs should be developed by considering strategies to reduce the emotional labor and to increase job satisfaction.

The Effects of Emotional Labor and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment in Staffs by the Size of Facility

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing organizational commitment of staffs according to the size of long-term care facility. @*Methods@#A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed. Data collection was conducted for a total of 315 employees in long-term care facilities located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongbuk, and Chungnam. Data were collected from July 2018 to October 2018 using questionnaires which included emotional labor, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and general characteristics. In order to confirm the differences in the size of the facility, the facilities with less than 30 beds, those with 30-99 beds, and those with more than 100 beds were analyzed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression. @*Results@#The job satisfaction and organizational commitment were significantly different according to the size of long-term care facility. Organizational commitment was influenced by ‘external job satisfaction’ in less than 30 beds, was influenced by ‘external job satisfaction, and attentiveness to required display rules of emotional labor’ in 30~99 beds, and then was influenced by ‘type of job, and internal job satisfaction’ in more than 100 beds. The predict variables accounted for 23.0%, 41.0%, and 34.0% of organizational commitment respectively. @*Conclusion@#These findings show that tailored interventions should be provided depending on the size of facility in order to increase organizational commitment. In addition, organizational commitment programs should be developed by considering strategies to reduce the emotional labor and to increase job satisfaction.

The Benefit of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Is Low in Patients with Dementia / 대한소화기내시경학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is beneficial in treatment of stroke or head and neck cancer. The situation for dementia is unknown. Presently, results, complications, and survival of PEG patients with or without dementia were assessed. METHODS: In a retrospective analysis of 67 patients, gender, age, diagnosis, laboratory results, complications, tube change, early death and death were compared in dementia (n=5) and non-dementia (n=62) patients (average age 68.7 years). RESULTS: Patient clinical characteristics were not different, except for the proportion of gender. Complications occurred in 11 cases (16.4%). Wound infection was the most common complication followed by Mallory-Weiss tear, tube leakage, fever and pneumonia. Twenty six patients (38.8%) died during the follow-up period, and the 30 day mortality rate was 2.7%. Average survival of dementia and non-dementia patients was 12 months and 25 months, respectively. Dementia patients showed a tendency for shorter survival, although it was insignificant (p=0.068). Dementia was the only predictor of mortality that showed significance (p=0.006). CONCLUSION: In this study there was a tendency for shorter survival in dementia patients and dementia was the only significant predictor of mortality.

A case of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by obstructive uropathy due to prostate cancer

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) secondary to chronic urinary tract obstruction is a rare disease. The exact cause is unknown but it is likely that increased collecting duct pressures cause damage to the tubular epithelium, resulting in insensitivity to the action of arginine-vasopressin (AVP). A 77-year-old man complaining of polyuria and polydipsia was treated with alpha glucosidase inhibitor under the impression of polyuria due to diabetes mellitus. But his symptoms did not improve. Water deprivation and AVP administration study revealed that the patient had nephrogenic DI. Urinary tract obstruction due to an enlarged prostate was suggested as a principal cause of nephrogenic DI. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the prostate and bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy. After surgery, the urine osmolarity was normalized and the patient became symptom-free. We report a case of nephrogenic DI due to obstructive uropathy which was cured by surgery eliminating obstruction.