Changes of c-fos, malondialdehyde and lactate in brain tissue after global cerebral ischemia under different brain temperatures / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Under global cerebral ischemia, the effect of different brain temperature on cerebral ischemic injury was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normothermic (37-38°C) ischemia, mild hypothermic (31-32°C) ischemia, hyperthermic (41-42°C) ischemia and sham-operated groups. Global cerebral ischemia was established using the Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion model and brain temperature was maintained at defined level for 60 min after 20-min ischemia. The expression of c-fos protein and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate in brain regions were detected by immunochemistry and spectrophotometrical methods, respectively. C-fos positive neurons were found in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Mild hypothermia increased the expression of c-fos protein in both areas, whereas hyperthermia decreased the expression of c-fos protein in the hippocampus at 24 h reperfusion, and the cerebral cortex at 48 h reperfusion when compared to normothermic conditions. In normothermic, mild hypothermic and hyperthermic ischemia groups, the levels of MDA and lactate in brain tissue were increased at 24, 48 and 72 h reperfusion following 20-min ischemia as compared with the sham-operated group (P<0.01). The levels of MDA and lactate in mild hypothermic group were significantly lower than those in normothermic group (P<0.01). It is suggested that brain temperature influences the translation of the immunoreactive protein product of c-fos after global cerebral ischemia, and MDA and lactate are also affected by hypothermia and hyperthermia.

Changes of c-fos, malondialdehyde and lactate in brain tissue after global cerebral ischemia under different brain temperatures / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Under global cerebral ischemia, the effect of different brain temperature on cerebral ischemic injury was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normothermic (37-38°C) ischemia, mild hypothermic (31-32°C) ischemia, hyperthermic (41-42°C) ischemia and sham-operated groups. Global cerebral ischemia was established using the Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion model and brain temperature was maintained at defined level for 60 min after 20-min ischemia. The expression of c-fos protein and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate in brain regions were detected by immunochemistry and spectrophotometrical methods, respectively. C-fos positive neurons were found in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Mild hypothermia increased the expression of c-fos protein in both areas, whereas hyperthermia decreased the expression of c-fos protein in the hippocampus at 24 h reperfusion, and the cerebral cortex at 48 h reperfusion when compared to normothermic conditions. In normothermic, mild hypothermic and hyperthermic ischemia groups, the levels of MDA and lactate in brain tissue were increased at 24, 48 and 72 h reperfusion following 20-min ischemia as compared with the sham-operated group (P<0.01). The levels of MDA and lactate in mild hypothermic group were significantly lower than those in normothermic group (P<0.01). It is suggested that brain temperature influences the translation of the immunoreactive protein product of c-fos after global cerebral ischemia, and MDA and lactate are also affected by hypothermia and hyperthermia.

Effects of immediate and delayed mild hypothermia on endogenous antioxidant enzymes and energy metabolites following global cerebral ischemia / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The optimal time window for the administration of hypothermia following cerebral ischemia has been studied for decades, with disparity outcomes. In this study, the efficacy of mild brain hypothermia beginning at different time intervals on brain endogenous antioxidant enzyme and energy metabolites was investigated in a model of global cerebral ischemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a sham-operated group, a normothermia (37°C - 38°C) ischemic group and a mild hypothermic (31°C - 32°C) ischemia groups. Rats in the last group were subdivided into four groups: 240 minutes of hypothermia, 30 minutes of normothermia plus 210 minutes of hypothermia, 60 minutes of normothermia plus 180 minutes of hypothermia and 90 minutes of normothermia plus 150 minutes of hypothermia (n = 8). Global cerebral ischemia was established using the Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion model for 20 minutes and mild hypothermia was applied after 20 minutes of ischemia. Brain tissue was collected following 20 minutes of cerebral ischemia and 240 minutes of reperfusion, and used to measure the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (GSH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mild hypothermia that was started within 0 to 60 minutes delayed the consumption of SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and ATP (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in ischemic tissue, as compared to a normothermic ischemia group. In contrast, mild hypothermia beginning at 90 minutes had little effect on the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and ATP (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Postischemic mild brain hypothermia can significantly delay the consumption of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and energy metabolites, which are critical to the process of cerebral protection by mild hypothermia. These results show that mild hypothermia limits ischemic injury if started within 60 minutes, but loses its protective effects when delayed until 90 minutes following cerebral ischemia.</p>

The advantages for Snail expression to promote cell migration and induce actin reorganization and to protect against the serum-deprivation-triggered apoptosis of bone marrow stem cells / 生物工程学报

The Snail transcription factor has been described as a strong repressor of E-cadherin and its stable expression induces epithelial-mesenchymal transitions responsible for the acquisition of motile and invasive properties during tumor progression. A fascinating analogy that has been raised is the seemingly similar and shared characteristics of stem cells and tumorigenic cells, which prompted us to investigate whether the mechanisms of the acquisition of invasiveness during tumor progression are also involved in bone marrow stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we examined whether Snail gene expression acts in the mobility, cytoskeleton and anti-apoptosis of MSCs. Cell Transmigration Assay and Western Blotting were performed to evaluate the cell migratory capability and the related Signaling pathways in MSCs transfected with the Snail expression vector of pCAGGSneo-SnailHA (MSCs-Sna), compared with MSCs(MSCs-neo) transducted with the control vector(pCAGGSneo). Actin cytoskeleton by Immunofluorescence and Sub-G1 detection by a FACScan flow cytometer were performed to analyze the cytoskeleton and antiapoptotic capability of MSCs-Sna. Compared with MSCs-neo, MSCs-Sna show significantly more migration in the transwell migration system (P < 0.05). And suppression of PI-3K activation by the specific PI-3K inhibitor, Wortmannin, brought on a reduction in Snail-mediated MSCs migration. In addition, we provide evidences that high expression of Snail inhibited the serum-deprivation triggered apoptosis and cytoskeleton changement of MSCs. These data suggest the possibility of facilitating MSCs migration to injured tissue and subsequent survival and maintenance in the local microenvironment after their transplantation, by investigating and increasing the advantage factors such as Snail high expression in MSCs.

Effect of low frequency stimulation and rehabilitation training on stroke patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of low frequency stimulation on motor function of stroke patients.Methods50 stroke patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group with 25 cases in each group. Patients of control group received neuromedical and Bobath technical treatment; cases of treatment group received low frequency stimulation besides the above two methods. All patients were assessed respectively with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Clinical Nerve Function Impaired Scale at the admission and on 20 days after treatment.ResultsThe motor functions of both groups were improved (P<0.05). But the recovery of treatment group was superior to the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionLow frequency stimulation can promote the stroke patients' motor function recovery.

Clinical study of locally moderate hypothermia on treating acute intracerebral hemorrhage / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo demonstrate the effect of moderate hypothermia and doule carotid ice applied to acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the best opportunity of treatment.Methods174 cases with ICH were randomly divided into treated group and control group, 87 cases for each group. Each case of both groups was treated by routine therapy, moreover, all cases in treated group were treated by moderate hypothermia (MHT).The clinical effect and prognosis between treated group and control group were contrasted,so to do between the cases in the treated group who were treated no more than 3 hours and more than 3 hours after attack.ResultsCompared with the control group, the neurological function improved in the treated group(P<0.05), as well as survival rate and recovery(P<0.05).Cases who treated no more than 3 hours after attack was better than that of more than 3 hours(P<0.05).ConclusionModerate hypothermia can effectively ease the neurologic deficits after ICH, decrease mortality and disable rate.The best therapy time is within 3 hours after ICH.

Protective effect of ginkgo biloba extract on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on dynamic equilibrium of free radicals and amino-acids in cortex of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its influence and characteristics to intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in primary cultured hippocampal neuron of rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Amino-acids were quantified by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. Concentration of MDA and GSH-Px were determined by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) technique. SOD was assayed through xanthine method, and microfluoremetric technique was used to assay the change of [Ca2+]i and its characteristics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the non-treated groups, at all time points (3 hrs after ischemia, 1 and 2 hrs after I/R separately), in the GbE treated groups, the levels of Glu, Asp and MDA were lower and SOD and GSH-Px were higher (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), the GABA and Gly levels were lower in groups treated with middle (10 mg/kg) or high dosage (15 mg/kg) of GbE (P < 0.05). Compared with the group treated with small dosage GbE (5 mg/kg), Glu, Asp and MDA were lower and GABA, Gly, SOD and GSH-Px were higher in the groups treated with middle or high dosage of GbE (P < 0.05), while the difference in the latter two groups was insignificant. Level of [Ca2+]i in cultured neurons treated with 1 x 10(-5) mol/L glutamate combined 25 micrograms/ml GbE for 20s was lower with lower peak value and longer time for reaching the peak than that in neurons treated with 1 x 10(-5) mol/L glutamate alone. Besides, the time of decline phase was also shorter in the former, so the flatform stage was prolonged. The response was recovered by re-applying of glutamate after [Ca2+]i back to base line.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GbE can protect damaged neurons through keeping the balance of inhibitory/excitatory amino-acids, enhancing free radicals scavengers system, and inhibiting the effect of glutamate to [Ca2+]i.</p>

Development and clinical application of the EMG information management system / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper introduces an EMG multi-gateway analysis diagnosis and information management system. The clinical applications show that this system has higher efficiency and standard report contents, and easy statistical analysis. And it also offers EMG standard figure, normal value data, nerve and muscle select scheme etc, for reference.