Curative effects of levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride combined with pramipexole on Parkinson's disease in 30 patients / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride combined with pramipexole in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in 30 patients and their effects on neurotransmitters and oxidative stress response.Methods:A total of 90 patients with Parkinson's disease admitted to Jinhua People's Hospital from January 2020 to February 2022 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo treatment with levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride (levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride group), pramipexole (pramipexole group), or their combination (combined therapy group), with 30 patients in each group. All patients were treated for 12 consecutive weeks. Clinical efficacy, levels of brain neurotransmitters (dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine, and substance P), and oxidative stress response (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, homocysteine levels) were compared among the three groups.Results:Total response rate in the combined therapy group was 96.67% (29/30), which was significantly higher than 66.67% (20/30) in the levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride group and 76.67% (23/30) in the pramipexole group ( χ2 = 8.65, P < 0.05). After treatment, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine, substance P, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and homocysteine levels in the combined therapy group were (9.05 ± 1.24) ng/mg, (89.49 ± 10.69) μg/L, (15.16 ± 1.36) ng/mg, (102.8 ± 15.36) μg/L, (88.40 ± 10.04) kU/L, (5.5 ± 2.31) μmol/L, and (9.20 ± 3.36) μmol/L, respectively, which were superior to (6.61 ± 1.02) ng/mg, (68.52 ± 9.52) μg/L, (12.33 ± 1.24) ng/mg, (151.64 ± 16.03) μg/L, (74.99 ± 7.28) kU/L, (9.27 ± 3.07) μmol/L, and (13.52 ± 3.64) μmol/L in the levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride group and (7.22 ± 1.09) ng/mg, (79.52 ± 10.20) μg/L, (13.92 ± 1.31) ng/mg, (131.30 ± 15.65) μg/L, (80.59 ± 8.24) kU/L, (7.53 ± 2.93) μmol/L, (11.35 ± 3.71) μmol/L in the pramipexole group ( F = 38.53, 32.05, 35.49, -73.42, 18.42, -22.65, -12.13, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride combined with pramipexole are highly effective on Parkinson's disease. The combined therapy can effectively improve brain neurotransmitters and regulate oxidative stress response.

The plasma Betatrophin level in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and its correlation with the control of blood glucose / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the level of plasma Betatrophin in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its correlation with the control of blood glucose.Methods:Forty-five pregnant women with GDM(GDM group) who received regular obstetric examinations in the Huaihua First People′s Hospital from July 2019 to January 2021 and 50 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (NGT group) during the same period were enrolled in this study. Blood glucose and blood lipid indicators were collected, plasma Betatrophin level was detected, Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of blood glucose control effect, the pregnancy outcome was followed up, the predictive value of Betatrophin level in blood glucose control and pregnancy outcome was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h postpartum blood glucose (2 h PG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), fasting insulin (FINS), 2 h postprandial insulin (2 h FINS), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C) and plasma Betatrophin in the GDM group were higher than those in the NGT group, and insulin function index (HOMA-β) and high density lipoprotein cholesterin (HDL-C) were lower than those in the NGT group ( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that plasma Betatrophin level was positively correlated with HbA 1c and HOMA-IR in pregnant women and the GDM group ( r = 0.310, 0.314, 0.341, 0.333; P<0.05). In the GDM group, 12 patients with poor glucose control, 33 patients with good glucose control, the FPG, HbA 1c, HOMA-IR and plasma Betatrophin levels in poor glucose control patients were higher than those in good glucose control patients, HOMA-β was lower than that in the good glucose control patients: (5.82 ± 0.98)mmol/L vs. (5.04 ± 1.11) mmol/L, (9.78 ± 2.15)% vs. (8.22 ± 1.41)%, 2.71 ± 0.56 vs. 2.24 ± 0.48, (1 345.12 ± 256.32) ng/L vs. (1 165.10 ± 217.41) ng/L, 144.15 ± 22.71 vs. 158.63 ± 20.26, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The area under the curve of plasma Betatrophin level to predict the effect of blood glucose control was 0.775. A total of 8 pregnant women with GDM had poor pregnancy outcome, and the area under the curve predicted pregnancy outcome by plasma Betatrophin level was 0.728. Conclusions:The level of plasma Betatrophin in patients with GDM is closely related to the degree of insulin resistance and the effect of blood glucose control, and can provide some reference for clinical evaluation and therapeutic effect prediction.

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with network pharmacology for exploring antiinflammatory mechanism of Eurycoma longifolia / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanisms that mediate the anti-inflammatory activity of Eurycoma longifolia.@*METHODS@#Kunming mouse models of xylene-induced ear swelling and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute pneumonia were used to compare the anti- inflammatory activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Eurycoma longifolia. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to identify the chemical composition in the ethanol extract of Eurycoma longifolia, based on which the potential antiinflammatory targets of Eurycoma longifolia were screened using the databases including SwissADME, SwissTargetPrediction, and Genecards. The String database was used to generate the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and Cytoscape was used for network topology analysis and screening the core targets. The enrichment of the core targets was analyzed using Metascape database, the core components and targets were docked with Autodock software, and the docking results were visualized using Pymol software. In a RAW264.7 cell model of LPS-induced inflammation, the Griess reagent was used to measure NO level, and Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of MAPK1, JAK2, and STAT3 proteins to verify the anti- inflammatory mechanism of Eurycoma longifolia.@*RESULTS@#The ethanol extract (75%) of Eurycoma longifolia (ELE) was the active site, which contained a total of 37 chemical components. These chemical compounds and diseases had 541 targets, involving the JAK/STAT3, cAMP and other signaling pathways. Twelve indicator components were identified, which all showed good results of molecular docking with two core targets involved in the signaling pathways. In the cell validation experiment, treatment of the cells with low-, medium-, and high-dose ELE significantly reduced NO release in the cells, and ELE at the medium dose significantly decreased the cellular expressions of JAK2 and STAT3.@*CONCLUSION@#The anti-inflammatory activity of Eurycoma longifolia is attributed primarily to its active ingredients bitter lignin and alkaloids, which may regulate the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway by targeting JAK2 and STAT3.

Research on the quality of Centella asiatica collected in different months based on fingerprint and multi-components determination / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Centellae herba and determine the content of asiaticoside, madecassic acid and asiaticoside B simultaneously; To compare the quality differences of Centellae herba collected in different months. Methods:The chromatographic condition was a Shimadzu InertSustain C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 2 mmol/L beta cyclodextrin in gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 204 nm, and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The different Centellae herba materials of collected in 2-12 months from Chenzhou were studied by the similarity evaluation combined with cluster analysis, principal component analysis and the three contents determination. Results:The HPLC fingerprint of Centellae herba was established and 9 common peaks were designated. The eleven samples were different, which can be aggregated into 4 categories and the quality of Centellae herba collected in July was the best. Conclusion:The established fingerprint and multi-components quantitative method are stable and reliable, which can provide a reference for the quality control and the utilization of Centellae herba resource.

Retrograde intrarenal surgery with holmium laser lithotripsy for the management of calyceal diverticular calculi / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS) with holmium laser lithotripsy in the management of calyceal diverticular calculi.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 56 patients with calyceal diverticular calculi admitted to Huashan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2017 to May 2020. The 56 cases included 25 males and 31 females. The average age was 37.4 (ranging 22-67) years. Calyceal diverticular stones were located in the upper pole of the kidney in 32 cases, middle pole in 16 case and lower pole in 8 cases, with 32 cases on the left side and 24 cases on the right side. Multiple stones occurred in 46 cases, and single stone in 10 cases. The mean diameter of stones was 11.5 (ranging 3.0-17.5)mm. All 56 patients had different degrees of lumbar pain and/or hematuria preoperatively. Among them, 17 patients received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with failure. Moreover, 9 cases suffered with urinary infection. All 56 patients with calyceal diverticular calculi underwent retrograde flexible ureterorenoscopic Ho: YAG laser lithotripsy under general anesthesia. The flexible ureterorenoscope was advanced into the kidney through the ureteral access sheath, looking for the cervical orifice of calyceal diverticulum. After finding renal diverticulum, holmium laser was used to incise and expand the neck or weak part of the diverticulum. The diverticular calculi were fragmented into particles less than 3 mm. Larger fragments were removed through a nitinol stone basket one by one. A F6 D-J stent was indwelled. The intraoperative conditions, postoperative complication rate and stone free rate were statistically analyzed.Results:The calyceal diverticular calculi in all 56 patients were discovered, and the diverticulum orifice were identified in 48 patients(85.7%). 53 of them underwent calyceal diverticular calculi fragmentation successfully. Lithotripsy failed in 3 cases, as the calculi were incarcerated in the lower pole calyceal diverticulum with a long narrow neck and the limitation of flexure at the end of the flexible ureteroscope. Two of them underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy instead due to the calculi located in the posterior calyx. In another one case, ESWL was performed as the calculi located in the anterior calyx. Of the 17 cases received unsuccessful ESWL, RIRS was successful in 16 cases (94.1%). The mean operative time was 68.1(ranging 37-105)min, and mean hospitalization was 1.8 (ranging 1-3)d. The complication rate was 15.1%(8/53). All of these complications were mild (Clavien Ⅰ-Ⅱ). No serious complications such as perforation of the renal pelvis and ureter or major bleeding were occurred. After mean postoperative follow-up of 6.3(ranging 3-12) months, the stone-free rate was 83.0% (44/53) after the first procedure. 7 cases with residual stones ≥4mm received a second procedure. Among them, 6 cases received flexible ureterorenoscopy and the other one received ESWL and external physical vibration lithecbole therapy. The stone-free rate and symptom remission rate was 92.5% (49/53) and 96.2% (51/53) respectively after the second procedure, and no recurrence of calyceal diverticular calculi was observed during the stage of fllow-up.Conclusions:RIRS with holmium laser lithotripsy in the treatment of calyceal diverticular calculi, using the body's natural cavities, is a minimally invasive, safe and efficient strategy with slight complications. RIRS with holmium laser lithotripsy is an optional treatment for calyceal diverticular calculi.

Analysis of the duration of Noravirus shedding among infected kindergarten children during an outbreak / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the duration of Norovirus (NoV) shedding among infected school children during a NoV outbreak in a kindergarten,and to provide scientitic basis for epidemic prevention and control.@*Methods@#Specimens and epidemiological data were collected from suspected cases, and specimens were detected using real-time RT-PCR to determine whether or not infecting with NoV. Specimens were collected every 3-7 days from NoV-infected children until specimens became negative for NoV.@*Results@#A total of 14 suspected cases were reported, and 12 of them were infected with NoV. The average duration of NoV shedding was (26.58±17.94)d. The specimens among 9 from 12 Nov-infected cases were positive at 7 days, 8 NoV-intected cased remained positive at 14 days and 7 Non-infected cased at least 21 days.@*Conclusion@#Since NoV shedding duration among NoV-infected children tends to longer than their isolation time during outbreaks, reinforcement of hygiene practices among these school children is especially necessary to reduce the risk of virus secondary transmissions after their return to school.

Advances of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of brown adipose tissue / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Nowadays, more attentions have been paid on brown adipose tissue (BAT) because BAT plays a great role in individuals with obesity and metabolic diseases. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT is noninvasive and sensitive to detect the location, volume, and metabolic activity of BAT. 18F-FDG PET/CT for BAT provides new insight for the prevention and clinical management of obesity and diabetes. The review summarizes the methods to activate BAT, the preparation of patients, 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging techniques and clinical application.

The relationship between the expression of GRα, GRβ and hormone sensitivity in KHE children with KMP / 中华整形外科杂志

To investigate the relationship between glucocorticoid receptor (GRα, GRβ) expression and hormone sensitivity in kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) patients complicated by Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP).Methods@#In this study, 25 cases of KHE with KMP (mean age 2.4±1.5 months), including 9 males and 16 females at Henan Provincial People′s Hospital between May 2013 and May 2016 were included. All patients underwent surgical resection after being treated with hormone for one week, and were divided into sensitive group (10 cases) and resistance group (15 cases) according to the efficacy evaluation criteria. Normal tissues collected from 15 patients received surgical excision of lipoma was performed as a control group.Immunohistrochemical SP method was adopted in detecting GRα and GRβ expression in all groups. The expression intensity and positive rate were analyzed. Statistical significance was determined using the Wilcoxon rank sum test for the group samples and the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple samples. Values of P<0.05 were considered statistically significant.@*Results@#①There was no significant difference among the control group, the resistance group and the sensitive group in expression intensity of GRα (control group 4.20±1.01, resistance group 4.10±0.99, sensitive group 3.53±0.52, P=0.632). The number of GRα positive cells in the sensitive group(46.20±2.57)was higher than that in the resistance group (40.93±5.18, P=0.032). ②The expression intensity of GRβ in the resistance group(5.40±0.51)was significantly higher than that in the sensitive group(2.60±0.52)and the control group(2.87±0.64, P=0.000, 0.002); there was significant difference among the sensitive group(29.70±2.50), the control group(36.07±3.47)and the resistance group (47.27±5.59)in the number of GRβ positive cells (P=0.000). ③The ratio of GRα/Grβ expression intensity was significantly lower in the resistance group than in the sensitive group and the control group; The ratio of GRα/GRβ positive cells was gradually decreased in the sensitive group, control group and resistance group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.000).@*Conclusions@#In the tumor tissue of KHE children with KMP, the increase of GRβ expression negatively regulats GRα, leading to imbalance of the expression ratio of the two, which may be an important cause for GC resistance.

Research progress of Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma(KHE) is a kind of organization form is similar to Kaposi's sarcoma(KS) and aggressive cancer,found in children and infants are rare and multiple in the limbs,torso,facial skin and deep soft tissue can also occur in the mediastinum,retroperitoneal etc.KHE is one of the main causes of Kasabach Meritt phenomenon(KMP) in infants and young children,the mortality rate is as high as 10％-37％,even 52％.At present,there is no uniform and effective treatment method at home and abroad.The clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of KHE are reviewed.

Clinical study on 45 cases with endogenous caesarean scar pregnancy / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the effect of ultrasound guided curettage after methotrexate and mifepristone in the treatment of endogenous caesarean scar pregnancy.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 43 patients of endogenous caesarean scar pregnancy undergoing treatment of ultrasound guided curettage after methotrexate and mifepristone.Results 39 cases were successful,4 cases were transformed to laparotomy because of intraoperative blood loss,7 cases of bleeding after curettage were successful by uterine carity placed double lumina Foley catheter. Conclusion Ultrasound guided curettage after methotrexate and mifepristone is a safe,effective,little trauma and low cost method in the treatment of endogenous caesarean scar pregnancy,it especially adapts to primary hospital.

Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor in bladder tumour is correlated with interleukin-8 yet not with interleukin-1α / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an antiangiogenic factor which is effective in tumour inhibition in a variety of tumours and has not yet been studied in bladder tumour before. In this study the expression of PEDF, interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and -8 (IL-8) in bladder tumours was investigated. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 64 bladder tumour and 23 normal uroepithelium samples. Expression change of the factors was compared with clinicopathological parameters. Correlations between PEDF, IL-1α and IL-8 were analyzed. None of the factors was in relation to gender, tumour occurrence, and size or onset pattern. PEDF (P=0.014) and IL-1α (P=0.049) expression was down-regulated with grade progression. PEDF expression was lower in normal uroepithelium than in papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) (P=0.000) and carcinoma (P=0.009) whilst IL-1α (P=0.000 and P=0.000 respectively) and IL-8 (P=0.000 and P=0.023 respectively) expression was higher in the same grouping. PEDF expression had a negative correlation with IL-8 in PUNLMP (P=0.049, r=-0.578) as well as in tumour grouping (P=0.033, r=-0.276). Deranged expressional change of PEDF, IL-1α and IL-8 could be in relation to loss of differentiation from normal uroepithelium to papillary lesion and eventually to carcinoma.

Diagnostic efficacy and complication of transperineal prostate biopsy: less than 10 cores vs more than 10cores / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To compare the diagnostic efficacy and complications of transperineal prostate biopsy for<10 cores biopsy vs≥10 cores biopsy. Methods Nine hundred transrectal ul-trasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsies were performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups, <10 cores group and ≥10 cores group. Patient numbers of the 2 groups were 759 and 141, respec-tively. Cancer positive rate and complications were compared between the 2 groups retrospectively. Results Cancer positive rates were 41.6%(316/759) and 51.8%(73/141) in 2 groups (P<0.05). In patients of PSA≤10.0 ng/ml, cancer positive rates were 6.8% (16/235) and 17.8% (8/45) in 2 groups (P<0.05). Gross hematuria was the most common complication associated with biopsy. There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in post-biopsy gross hematuria rate. Conclu-sions The diagnostic efficacy is higher in≥10 cores prostate biopsy than that in <10 cores prostate biopsy, There is no difference in biopsy related complications regarding biopsy core numbers.

Construction and identification of psilencer3.0-HIF-? siRNA / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:Carcinoma of the kidney is the most common malignant renal parenchymal carcinoma;its biological behavior is extremely complicated and is not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Studies have shown that the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1-? and HIF2-? are related to the occurrence and development process of the clear-cell carcinoma of kidney.So,we intend to construct psilencer3.0-HIF-? siRNA recombinant plasmid in this study through RNA interference method,thereby providing an effective tool for further exploration of the role of HIF in the occurrence and development of clear-cell carcinoma of kidney.Methods:Design and chemically synthesize the DNA fragments of coding HIF-1? and HIF-2? siRNA and make them up into siRNA expression vector through gene recombination.Adopting the real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot tested the inhibitive effect of the constructed siRNA expression vector on mRNA and protein levels on the target gene expression.Results:After 786-0 cells transfecting with psilencer3.0-HIF-1?siRNA and psilencer3.0-HIF-2?,the inhibitory rate of mRNA expression of HIF-1? and HIF-2? reached 82.1% and 87.4% respectively,and OS-RC-2 cells transfecting psilencer3.0-HIF-1? siRNA and psilencer3.0-HIF-2?,the inhibition rate reached 91.2% and 81.2% respectively.The protein expression of the experimental group with 786-0 cells and OS-RC-2 cells transfecting HIF-1? interference plasmid and HIF-2? interference plasmid were lower at different levels than that from the blank control group.Conclusions:The constructed siRNA expression vector can effectively inhibit the expression of target gene HIF-1 and HIF-2 at mRNA and protein levels.

Morphological studies in the apoptosis of PC3 cell-line induced by chlorophyll derivative based photodynamic therapy / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of a newly developed photosensitizer—chlorophyll derivative combined with irradiation of 650 nm laser for PC3, an androgen independent cell line in vitro. Methods PC3 was cultured and designed to 4 groups,including blank control,laser irradiation,medication of photosensitizer and medication of photosensitizer with laser irradiation (treated).The medicated concentration of chlorophyll was 0.1 g/L and irradation fluence of 650 nm semiconductor laser was 6 J/cm2.Intracellular distribution of photosensitizer and cellular morphological alterations were studied through light microscopy, electron microscopy and laser confocal microscopy. Results It showed the shrinkage, round-up and membrane integrity of treated PC3 under light microscopy.Sable deposits were observed in cytoplasm of cells in both photosensitizer and treated groups.Transmission electron microscopy showed the fragmentation of DNA and condensation of chromatin beneath the karyolemma in treated cells.In cytoplasm,the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria swell to form vesicles and vacuoles.It showed the strong red fluorescence in the cytoplasm of treat cells compared with the red fluorescence indifferent to the background through laser confocal microscopy. Conclusions Chlorophyll derivative based photodynamic therapy is able to induce apoptosis of PC3 in vitro.Mitochondria is presumed to be the primary target of photodynamic therapy and trigger the apoptotic pathway.

Immediate implantation of coralline granules for repair of osseous defect / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The direct ratio is formed between the size of osseous defect around implant and the required time of complete repair. It is viewed that bone implantation is suggested if osseous defect is larger than 1 mm, which benefits the bone regeneration and early fixation of implant.OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects between coralline granules and hydroxyapatite (HA) during union after immediate implantation.DESIGN: Group observation and controlled experiment was designed.SETTING: Department of Stomatology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.MATERIALS: HA coated implant, HA granule, coralline granule and 3adult mongrel dogs.METHODS: The experiment was performed in Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from August 2002 to April 2003.Under anesthesia, 6 foramens were drilled on femurs of 3 dogs (3 foramens on each side) to result in osseous defect. Coralline granules were embedded in the osseous defect around the implant in all of proximal ends (coralline granule group, CG group), HA granules were embedded in the osseous defect around the implant in all of distal ends (HA group) and nothing was embedded in the defect around the implant in the center (the control). One dog was sacrificed under anesthesia on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th months after operation successively and the samples were collected from the implanted section in each group for X-ray examination and scanning electronic microscopic observation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: X-ray examination on implanted sections and scanning electronic microscopic observation on samples in each the 4th month, it was observed that implants and osseous tissue were closely integrated in CG group and HA group and there was still partial osseous on samples in each group: on the 4th month, it was discovered that the regenerated osseous tissue was matured completely in CG group and few coralline granule residue was left. In HA group, the regenerated osseous tissue was matured completely, but there was still a large amount of HA granules left and the granules had not been absorbed obviously. In the control group, the space appeared partially in the implanted cervical region.CONCLUSION: The implantation of artificial bone is suggested if the osseous defect around immediate implant is larger than 1 mm. As the implanting materials, coralline granules and HA granules act on the most advantageous guide activity. Coralline granules can be degraded and substituted with osseous tissue,but HA granules cannot be absorbed, which affects osseous reconstruction.

Progressive researchs of survivin in urological cancer / 医学研究生学报

The factor of antiapoptosis in cancer is recently identified as survivin. Survivin is prominently overexpressed in embryonic and fetal tissues, and various human cancers. It is potentially involved in both inhibition of apoptosis and control of cell division. Recently, survivin is found to be correlated with the genesis, progress, and prognosis of urological cancer. Manipulation of the antiapoptotic pathway maintained by survivin may be beneficial for cancer therapy. Progressive research of survivin in urological cancer.

Single instillation of epirubicin for the prophylaxis of recurrent primary superficial bladder carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the feasibility of single dose intravesical epirubicin in the prevention of recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We compared the effect of intravesical epirubicin or mitomycin C on tumor recurrence and disease free interval and their side effects after treatment of superficial bladder tumor. 47 postoperative patients with stages Ta to T1 primary superficial bladder carcinoma of grades 1 or 2 were randomized into groups A: single 80 mg epirubicin; B: 40 mg consecutive epirubicin; C: 40 mg consecutive mitomycin C. Patients were followed up for clinical, analytical, and cystoscopic evaluations every 3 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The disease free intervals of the three groups were found no significant differences (F = 3.25, P > 0.05). The recurrence rate was 6.25% (1/16), 13.3% (2/15), 12.5% (2/16) (chi(2) = 0.496, P > 0.05) in groups A, B, and C at 1 year, and 33.3% (5/15), 26.7% (4/15), 25% (4/16) (chi(2) = 0.290, P > 0.05) at 3 years after operation, respectively. Side effects of group A (13.3%) were lower than those of group B (46.7%) or C (43.8%) (chi(2) = 14.56, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Single dose of epirubicin given intravesically immediately after tumor resection is effective in preventing tumor recurrence.</p>

Experimental study of sertoli cell and CTLA-4Ig's induction of immune tolerance of allogeneic renal cell / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective role of Sertoli cell expressing FasL and CTLA-4Ig on allogeneic renal cell.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Testicular Sertoli cell and renal cell were prepared by digestion with enzymes. About 106 cells were injected into the subrenal capsule of allogeneic rats. 36 rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (10), co-transplantation group (16) and co-transplantation collaborated with CTLA-4Ig group (CTLA group, 10). Levels of serum IL-2 were tested on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 20th day after transplantation. The kidney was extracted on the 20th day. The survival of renal cells was determined by the Avidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex Technique (ABC); the brightness of grafts was measured by MD-20 image analysis system. Apoptosis within the grafts was observed with Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated X-dUTP Nick end Labeling (TUNEL) method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The survival of renal cells in control group, co-transplantation group and CTLA group was 0, 14 and 10 respectively; The brightness values of co-transplantation group and CTLA group were 0.362 +/- 0.017 and 0.445 +/- 0.021, and the statistic differences between them were significant. Levels of serum IL-2 in CTLA group were lower compared with co-transplantation group, there being significant differences as well; Apoptosis of lymphocyte was observed within the grafts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Sertoli cell and CTLA-4Ig have coordinative protective effect on allogeneic renal cell.</p>

Interferon gamma enhances the cytotoxicity of 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine and 5-fluorouracil against human bladder cancer cells / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the regulative effect of interferon gamma (INF?) on the expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor / thymidine phosphorylase (PD-ECGF/TP) and its relation with the anti-cancer effect of 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'DFUR) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in T24 bladder cancer cells. Methods PD-ECGF/TP mRNA and protein expressions were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Cytotoxicity of 5′DFUR,5FU or mitomycin C (MMC) against T24 cells was evaluated by MTS assay. Results The expressions of PD-ECGF/TP mRNA and protein were concomitantly elevated in T24 cells after INF? treatment.And INF? decreased IC 50 s of 5′DFUR [from (16.0? 3.6 )mmol/L to (6.2?0.9)mmol/L,( P

Extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and functional recovery of urinary continence / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the surgical technique,urinary continence and clinical efficacy of extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Methods This series included 28 cases of prostate cancer aged 60 -75 years (mean,68 years). The PSA level ranged from 0. 7 ng/ml to 23. 6 ng/ml. TNM classification showed T1N0M0 tumor in 11 cases, T2N0M0 tumor in 15 and T3aN0M0 tumor in 2. All cases underwent extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. The functional reconstructive technique consisted of preservation of the urethral and bladder outlet sphincter muscles, and reconstruction of the bladder neck. Results All the operations were successful. The operative time was 180 - 380 min( mean, 240 min) ,and the blood loss was 400 - 1200 ml( mean,800 ml) . All the catheter were removed 2 weeks after surgery. Mild urinary incontinence occurred in 3 cases, and it improved after supportive treatment. The PSA level was 0. 02 -0. 10 ng/ml 3 months after operation. No recurrence of prostate cancer was found during the follow-up of 1 month-2 years. Conclusions Extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is safe and effiective for the treatment of prostate cancer. It can be widely applied in clinical practice.