Factors influencing the development of executive function in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Executive function is an advanced cognitive process aimed at the flexible coordination, optimization, and control of the cognitive processes of task solving in order to accomplish a specific task, ensuring that the individual produces effective behaviors, including inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Given the sensitivities and specificities that characterize an individual s physical and mental development during adolescence, this period is critical for the development of executive function in adolescents. In the paper, the influencing factors of adolescents executive function development are systematically described from three dimensions, namely, biology, environment and lifestyle; by analyzing the mechanisms and differences in the effects of different influencing factors, this editorial provides a scientific basis for adolescents executive function improvement and intervention.

The effect of a visual walking training based on wearable walking guide devices on the walking ability of Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait / 中国康复医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of a visual walking training based on wearable cueing devices on ground reaction force of Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait. Method:Twenty-three PD with FOG(PD+FOG)were selected and twenty healthy controls(HC)were tested in gait laboratory.The experimental group was trained with wearable walking guide devices for 20 minutes,twice a day for one week.The Vicon 3D gait analysis system was used to collect the spatiotemporal parame-ters and the ground reaction force parameters of the non-dominant side and the dominant side including front-back peak,medial-lateral peak and the first vertical peak)of the experimental group and the control group be-fore and after training. Result:①After the intervention,the bilateral step length and velocity of patients in the experimental group in-creased signi ficantly(P＜0.05),while cadence,double stance phase decreased significantly(P＜0.05).After train-ing,there was no significant difference in the dominant step length,cadence and double stance phase between experimental group and control group(P＞0.05).②After the training,bilateral parameters(landing angles of hip joints,the maximum angles of ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion,and the ranges of motion of lower limb joints)in the experimental group increased significantly,while the landing angles of knee joints de-creased,and the stage of the first peak of ankle joints was delayed,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Af-ter the training,knee joint landing angle,maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle,the first peak stage of ankle joint,lower limb joint range of motion had no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in both sides(P＞0.05).③After the intervention,the front-back peak value and the first vertical peak of the bilateral ground reaction force in the experimental group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the medial-lateral peak value of the ground reaction force was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in the backward peak,medial peak of non-domi-nant side and parameters of the dominant side(P＞0.05). Conclusion:The visual walking training based on wearable walking guide devices improve the stability and consistency of gait of PD+FOG.

Study on performance evaluation and promotion strategy of health project supervision in Hebei province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To build a performance evaluation index system of health project supervision for higher level of project supervision.Methods:The performance evaluation index system of project supervision was established by means of literature analysis, AHP method, and two rounds of expert consultation. In April 2019, data of health projects of both provincial and city level were collected through field investigation, and project supervision institutions were evaluated by means of weighted comprehensive scoring method, TOPSIS method and rank sum ratio.Results:The system was established with 7 level-1 indexes, 17 level-2 indexes and 42 level-3 indexes. Empirical results showed that the performance of health project supervision in Hebei province was generally stable at a high level from 2014 to 2018, yet with rooms of improvement in supervision technology and policy translation.Conclusions:Health project supervision in Hebei province should keep up with the forefront of performance management policy to explore new horizons, and establish the project fund management system study based on fiscal authorization and expenditure liability, and to enhance technical means in supervision, so as to improve supervision efficiency in the meantime of " burden alleviation" .

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking technique in diagnosis of early hypertensive heart disease / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective: To explore the value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) in diagnosis of early hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Methods: Totally 54 patients with HHD were selected, including 26 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤50% (LVEF≤50% group) and 28 LVEF>50% (LVEF>50% group). Forty healthy volunteers were selected in control group. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed to obtain the cardiac function parameters and global longitudinal strain (GLS). Results: There were significant differences of left ventricular function parameters, including left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), stroke volume (SV), LVEF, cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic mass (MyoMass [Diast]), diastolic mass (MyoMass [Syst]) and GLS among all 3 groups and between each 2 groups (all P<0.05). GLS were positive correlated with LVEDV, LVESV, HR, MyoMass (Diast) and MyoMass(Syst) (r=0.340, 0.460, 0.284, 0.640, 0.570, all P<0.01) but negative correlated with SV, LVEF, CO and CI (r=-0.223, -0.516, -0.052, -0.260, all P<0.01). Conclusion: CMR-FT can be used to evaluate the left ventricular function, which is helpful for early diagnosis of HHD.

Effect analysis of brentuximab vedotin monotherapy and brentuximab vedotin combined with chemotherapy in treatment of relapsed or refractory lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the safety, efficacy and survival of brentuximab vedotin (BV) monotherapy and BV combined with chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory lymphoma.Methods:A total of 47 patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in First Medical Center of PLA general Hospital and Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from October 2011 to December 2018 were admitted, including 35 cases (BV monotherapy group) and 12 cases (BV combined with chemotherapy group); there were 8 cases of relapsed or refractory anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), 4 cases in BV monotherapy group and 4 cases in BV combined with chemotherapy group. The safety, clinical efficacy and survival of two neoplasms in different groups were compared.Results:For relapsed or refractory HL, the objective remission rate (ORR) and complete remission rate (CRR) was 67.7% (21/31) and 16.1% (5/31), and the median progressive-free survival (PFS) time was 3.5 months (1.5-24.0 months) in BV monotherapy group; ORR and CRR was 81.8% (9/11) and 27.3% (3/11), and median PFS time was 5.5 months (2.0 - 24.0 months) in BV combined with chemotherapy group; there was no statistical difference in ORR and CRR between the both groups (χ 2 = 0.788, P = 0.375; χ 2 = 0.654, P = 0.419). There were 4 cases in BV monotherapy group for ALCL, of which 3 could be evaluated for efficacy, including 1 case of complete remission (CR) and 1 case of partial remission (PR); there were 4 cases in BV combined with chemotherapy group for ALCL, of which 4 could be evaluated for efficacy, including 2 cases of CR and 2 cases of PR. The common adverse events in BV monotherapy group were anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, fever, elevated transaminase, fatigue, nausea, peripheral neuritis and cough. Grade ≥3 adverse events were mainly anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. The common adverse events of BV combined with chemotherapy group were similar to those of BV monotherapy group, and there were significant differences in bone marrow suppression (thrombocytopenia, leukopenia) between the two groups (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:The clinical efficacy of BV combined with chemotherapy is better than that of BV monotherapy in treatment of relapsed or refractory lymphoma, and the survival time is prolonged. The adverse reaction of BV combined with chemotherapy is mainly manifested in bone marrow suppression, and the safety and tolerability of patients are acceptable.

Application of enteral nutrition feeding procedure in severe patients in ICU / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition feeding procedure in ICU in severe patients in order to reduce complications and promote rehabilitation of patients.@*Methods@#A total of 184 severe patients admitted to ICU from January to October 2018 were selected as the subjects of the study. 90 patients admitted to the family from January to May were the control group, and 94 patients admitted to the family from June to October were the observation group. The control group adopted routine nutritional support and nursing, and the observation group carried out intensive enteral nutrition feeding process. The nutritional status, immunity, gastrointestinal dysfunction, complications of nosocomial infection and outcome of patients in two groups were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#The nutritional indicators of hemoglobin, serum total protein and serum albumin after a week of treatment were (119.73 ± 9.96), (58.88 ± 2.65), (29.09 ± 1.42) g/L, immunization indicators IgA, IgG, IgM were (2.56±0.10), (2.98±0.36), (1.65±0.15) g/L in the observation group. The control groups were (108.02±9.21), (51.90±2.74), (27.80±1.59), (2.09±0.18), (2.01±0.24), (1.41±0.13)g/L, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=5.81-22.48, P<0.01). The incidence of gastrointestinal dysfunction (gastric retention, diarrhea) in the observation group were 11.70%(11/94), 8.51%(8/94), the incidence of nosocomial infections (ventilator associated pneumonia, catheter related blood stream infection, catheter-associated urinary tract infections) were 6.12‰(5/817), 1.53‰(1/650), 0, the outcome indicators of patients (nutritional standard time, ICU hospitalization time, and mortality rate) were (6.12±1.03) d, (10.98±2.03) d, 13.82%(13/94), all were lower than the control group′s 23.33%(21/90), 20.00%(18/90), 13.06‰(11/842), 11.28‰(8/709), 2.88 ‰(2/694), (7.98 ± 1.54) d, (12.21 ± 1.87) d, 26.67%(24/90), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.33-8.22, t=6.19, 2.26, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The procedure of enteral nutrition feeding in patients with severe illness can effectively reduce enteral nutrition complications and enable patients to obtain effective nutrition early.

Application of whole-tumor histogram analysis based on the apparent diffusion coefficient map of readout-segmented echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging in differentiating common parotid neoplasms / 中华放射学杂志

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether whole-tumor histogram-based analysis of readout-segmented echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (RESOLVE-DWI) ADC map can help in the discrimination of parotid gland tumors(pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor, malignant parotid gland tumor). Methods The MR images(pre / post-contrast enhanced MRI, RESOLVE-DWI, ADC map) of 47 patients with a biopsy-or surgery-proven pleomorphic adenomas, 25 patients with Warthin tumors and 36 patients with malignant parotid gland tumors were retrospectively analyzed. Histogram-based analysis was performed with the software MaZda. ROIs were drawn on every section of the ADC map containing the tumor, then 12 Parameters(Area, MinNorm, MaxNorm, Mean,Variance, Skewness, Kurtosis, Perc.1％, Perc.10％, Perc.50％, Perc.90％, Perc.99％) derived from histogram were calculated. Statistical analysis among the three groups (One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test) were performed to find out the statistical significance of each histogram parameter. Then LSD test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for pairwise comparison between groups. And the differential efficiency of each parameter was determined using ROC analysis. Results Overall, 9 parameters (MinNorm, MaxNorm, Mean, Variance, Skewness, Perc. 10％, Perc. 50％, Perc. 90％, Perc. 99％) among three groups were shown to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Between the pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors, these 9 parameters were of statistical significance. Perc.50％revealed the highest diagnostic efficiency, followed by Mean and Perc.10％. Between the pleomorphic adenomas and malignant parotid gland tumors, also all these 9 parameters were of statistical significance. Mean was revealed to have the highest diagnostic efficiency, followed by Perc. 10％ and Perc. 90％. However, between the Warthin tumors and malignant parotid gland tumors, only 5 parameters (MinNorm, Mean, Skewness, Perc. 10％, Perc. 50％) were statistically significant. MinNorm was revealed to have the highest diagnostic efficiency, followed by Perc. 50％ and Perc. 10％. Generally, Mean, Perc. 10％ and Perc. 50％ were more effective in the differential diagnosis of these three types common parotid neoplasms. Conclusion Whole-tumor histogram analysis of ADC maps are effective in differentiating common parotid neoplasms.

Effect of pre-transplantation iron overload on the outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients with non-hepatitis-related severe aplastic anemia / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To explore the effect of iron overload on the outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) patiems with non-hepatitis related severe aplastic anemia (SAA).Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 98 patients with non-hepatitis related SAA undergoing allo-HSCT from July 2012 to late July 2018 at a single center.Serum ferritin (SF) was measured within 2 momhs before HSCT.They were divided into iron overload (SF＞800.0 ng/ml,n =49) and control (SF＜800.0 ng/ml,n =49) groups according to SF level.Overall survival (OS),hematopoietic reconstitution and common complications after allo-HSCT were analyzed.Results The median pre-transplantation SF value was 798.7 (52.0-11060.01) ng/ml.Patients with pre-transplantation iron overload had a higher incidence of cytomegaloviremia (P =0.041),delayed recovery of neutrophil/platelet (P =0.001,P =0.005 respectively) and transfusion-dependence in donor-recipient blood group-matched patients (P =0.043) after allo-HSCT.The 3-year OS was (65.1 ± 7.1) ％ in iron overload group and (93.3 ± 3.7) ％ in control group (P =0.001).Multivariate analysis indicated that 3-year OS was independently correlated with pre-transplantation iron overload (P =0.022),blood group of donor & recipient (P =0.015),early bacteremia (P=0.003) and cytomegaloviremia (P =0.003).Conclusions Iron overload is common in patients with non-hepatitis-related SAA before transplantation.Pre-transplantation iron overload has a significant impact on OS,hematopoietic reconstitution and cytomegaloviremia after allo

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To explore the therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) patients .Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 19 CMML patients undergoing allo-HSCT .Engraftment ,graft versus host disease (GVHD ) , infection , relapse , splenomegaly and survival were observed . And the clinical outcomes of allo-HSCT for CMML were analyzed .Results Hematopoiesis reconstitution was not attained in 2 recipients due to early death post-transplantation .Neutrophil engraftment was obtained in 17 recipients with a median time of 14(11-18) days .Neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment were achieved in 15 recipients with a median time of platelet engraftment at 15 (12～70) days .Seven patients developed acute GVHD (grade 1 ,n=5;grade 2～4 ,n=3) while another 8 patients had chronic GVHD (extensive ,n=5) . Ten patients (52 .6 ％ )had palpable splenomegaly (SPM ) before allo-HSCT ,8 patients were diagnosed ultrasonically after transplantation ,all 4 patients without a significant reduction of spleen died while all 4 patients with a significant reduction of spleen survived . After a median follow-up period of 31 (6-68 ) months ,3-year overall survival (OS) ,disease-free survival (DFS) ,cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were (58 .2 ± 12 .5)％ ,(36 .3 ± 14)％ ,(39 .9 ± 19)％ and (37 ± 12 .6)％ respectively .Conclusions As an effective therapy for CMML ,allo-HSCT may improve the survival of CMML patients .Palpable SPM pre-transplantation and no significant reduction post-transplantation are probably poor prognostic factor .

Prognostic significance of early phase donor chimerism after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the prognostic significance of early phase full donor chimerism (FDC) after myeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT).@*Methods@#The clinical data of 72 hematological patients received myeloablative allo-PBSCT from Feb. 2016 to Jul. 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The median age was 36.5 years (range 4-59), 44 were males and 28 females. Of the donors, there were 35 HLA matched sibling donors, 27 haploidentical donors and 10 unrelated donors. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of short tandem repeat sequence (PCR-STR) was used to detect donor cell chimerism (DC) rate of recipient bone marrow at one, two and three months after transplantation.@*Results@#The median follow-up was 462 d (range: 47-805 d), 55 cases were still alive, and 45 cases were disease-free survival (DFS) at the end of follow-up. The 2-year overall survival (OS) and DFS were (68.9±7.7)% and (59.5±6.3)%, respectively. A number of 16 cases underwent relapses, with 2-year cumulative incidence of (24.1±5.3)%. The median time of recurrence was 157(32-374) d. Forty cases (55.6%) developed acute graft-versus-host diseases (aGVHD), with median time of 35.5 (13-90) d. Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) occurred in 23 patients (31.9%), with median time of 169 (94-475) d. Univariate analysis found the following factors were not related to OS, DFS or relapse rate (RR), including age, sex, blood type and sex of donor-recipient, occurrence of aGVHD and cGVHD. The OS and DFS in cases reached FDC and no FDC at two months after transplantation were (85.2±6.9)% vs (66.1±7.7)% (P=0.051) and (76.7±7.7)% vs (48.9±8.1)% (P=0.021), respectively. The RR rate in FDC group was lower than that in no FDC group [(16.6±6.8)% vs (30.4±7.8)%, P=0.187, respectively].@*Conclusion@#The present study confirmed the important value for predicting the prognosis with whether or not the patients reached FDC at the early phase after allo-PBSCT. The OS and DFS in cases with FDC at two months after transplantation were significantly higher than those of no FDC patients.

Effects of Polyphosphazene Microspheres Controlled Release of Growth Factors on the Adhesion and Proliferation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of polyphosphazene(PAGP) microspheres controled release of growth factors on the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).Methods Two kinds of functional poly(alanine ethyl ester-co-glycine ethyl ester) phosphazene microspheres with different ratios of side-substituent groups were synthesized using the emulsion technique.The rate of degradation/hydrolysis of the polymers was carefully tuned to suit the desired application for controlled release.The enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay was utilized to investigate the characterization of the temporal controlled release strategy of microspheres loaded with transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) and insulin-like growth factor-l(IGF-1) respectively.The cell adhesion and proliferation stimulated by different growth factors were evaluated by acridine orange staining.Resuits The morphological difference between two PAGP microspheres was identified according to SEM images.The average diameter of two microspheres was 54.22 ± 19.19 μm and 34.11 ± 18.82 μm respectively.The release assay showed that two kinds of microspheres had different release characteristics,with earlier outburst of TGF-β1 and IGF-1 for them to cooperate and later sustained release of TGF-β1 to stimulate the differentiation of stem cells.The result of the acridine orange staining demonstrated that PAGP microspheres supported cell adhesion and growth without obvious cytotoxicity.Meanwhile,the growth factors release strategy significantly improved the proliferation of BMSCs.Conclusion The two polyphosphazene microspheres have a great release-control effect and their controlled release system will have a promising prospect in the future tissue engineering field.

MRI-based brain atrophy and lesion index assessment of whole-brain structural changes during aging / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To assess the value of brain atrophy and lesion index(BALI),based on magnetic resonance imaging(M RI),in the evaluation of brain aging. Methods 169 healthy older adults were divided into five age groups(40-49,50-59,60-69,70-79,and 80-89 years).MRI scans were evaluated by the 3.0T GE signa and the BALI rating schemes,based on the T1 weighted(T1WI),T2 weighted(T2WI),and T2 weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery(T2-FLAIR),and T2*weighted gradient-recalled echo(T2 * GRE)images were recorded. Results Based on T1WI,T2WI,T2-FLAIR and T2 * GRE,total scores of BALI increased with age,and showed significant differences between the five age groups(F= 35.35,42.87,46.57,and 54.15,respectively;all P= 0.000).In addition,BALI scores from each sequence were correlated with age(T1WI:r=0.71;T2WI:r=0.73;T2-FLAIR:r=0.73;T2*GRE:r=0.77;all P<0.01).Furthermore,T2*GRE was most sensitive to microbleeds and T2-FLAIR revealed a greater level of deep white matter(χ2 =53.47,P= 0.000)and periventricular lesions(χ2 =29.93,P=0.000)than other sequences. Conclusions The T1WI,T2WI, T2-FLAIR and T2 * GRE,BALI scores can be used to assess whole brain structural changes with aging and provide semi-quantitative indicators for the assessment of brain health.

Biosynthesis of antibiotic chuangxinmycin from

Chuangxinmycin is an antibiotic isolated from CPCC 200056 in the 1970s with a novel indole-dihydrothiopyran heterocyclic skeleton. Chuangxinmycin showed antibacterial activity and efficacy in mouse infection models as well as preliminary clinical trials. But the biosynthetic pathway of chuangxinmycin has been obscure since its discovery. Herein, we report the identification of a stretch of DNA from the genome of CPCC 200056 that encodes genes for biosynthesis of chuangxinmycin by bioinformatics analysis. The designated cluster was then confirmed to be responsible for chuangxinmycin biosynthesis by direct cloning and heterologous expressing in M1146. The cytochrome P450 CxnD was verified to be involved in the dihydrothiopyran ring closure reaction by the identification of seco-chuangxinmycin in M1146 harboring the gene cluster with an inactivated . Based on these results, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for chuangxinmycin biosynthesis was proposed, by hijacking the primary sulfur transfer system for sulfur incorporation. The identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster of chuangxinmycin paves the way for elucidating the detail biochemical machinery for chuangxinmycin biosynthesis, and provides the basis for the generation of novel chuangxinmycin derivatives by means of combinatorial biosynthesis and synthetic biology.

Levels of bisphenols in patients with chronic kidney disease and their correlation with renal function / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To observe the levels of four bisphenols (bisphenol A,B,S and F) and their correlation with renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.Methods Patients with CKD were identified according to Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria.Sixty-three CKD patients and eleven healthy controls were enrolled.CKD patients were further classified as mild renal injury group (CKD stage 1 and 2,n=30),moderate renal injury group (CKD stage 3,n=19) and severe renal injury group (CKD stage 4 and 5,n=14).The levels of four bisphenols in serum were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The correlation between concentrations of four bisphenols and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was assessed by Spearman's rank correlation analysis.The associations of four bisphenols with coronary heart disease,diabetes and hypertension in CKD patients were estimated by binary multivariate logistic regression.Results (1) Four bisphenols were not detected in serum of healthy control.In the mild renal injury group the bisphenol A and bisphenol S were not detected,and patients had 5.24 (5.24,9.38) μg/L bisphenol B and 0.74 (0.74,0.74) μg/L bisphenol F.In the moderate renal injury group bisphenol S was not detected,and patients had 2.79 (1.01,4.53) μg/L bisphenol A,5.24 (5.24,5.24) μg/L bisphenol B and 0.74 (0.74,0.74) μg/L bisphenol F.In severe renal injury group patients had 14.30 (7.97,18.17) μg/L bisphenol A,0 μg/L bisphenol B,23.73 (23.73,136.59) μg/L bisphenol S and 0.74 (0.74,1.42) μg/L bisphenol F.The levels of bisphenol A and bisphenol S in severe renal injury group were higher than those in the healthy control group,mild renal injury group and moderate renal injury group (all P ＜ 0.05).Bisphenol B and bisphenol F were not statistically different among four groups.(2) Bisphenol A and bisphenol S were negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.779,P ＜ 0.001;r=-0.546,P ＜ 0.001).(3) Among CKD patients,bisphenol A was correlated with diabetes (OR=4.951,95％CI 1.603-15.294,P=0.005),and bisphenol S was correlated with hypertension (OR=4.466,95％ CI 1.575-12.666,P=0.005).Conclusions CKD patients have a variety of bisphenol compounds,especially bisphenol A and bisphenol S.Bisphenol A and bisphenol S have high levels,and their exposures are correlated with renal function.

Association between the time of sedentary behaviors and risk of type 2 diabetes / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the relationship between the time of sedentary behaviors and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among rural adults in Henan Province.@*Methods@#A total of 1 227 adults from Houzhai village in Zhengzhou City and Qiaomiao village in Jiaozuo City in Henan Province were randomly selected to participate in the survey; each of them finished a questionnaire and accepted physical examination and test of biochemical indicators. The participants were divided into case and control groups according to whether suffering from T2DM. A Pearson linear correlation and linear regression model analysis were used to investigate the relevance between the time of sedentary behaviors and fasting plasma glucose (FPG); meanwhile, a multi factor logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the time of sedentary behaviors and T2DM.@*Results@#The average FPG level among the participants was (5.4±2.5) mmol/L, and the average time of sedentary behaviors was (234.5±156.5) min per day. The prevalence rate of T2DM in subgroups whose time of sedentary behaviors were separately 0-<2.5, 2.5-<4.5, 4.5-<6.5 and ≥6.5 h/day were 15.8% (72/457), 19.3% (73/379), 16.7% (35/210) and 20.4% (37/181), respectively. There was a linear regression relationship between the time of sedentary behaviors(x) and FPG(y), the regression equation was: y=5.081+0.001x (t=3.01, P=0.003). Logistic regression model analysis showed that participants whose time of sedentary behaviors ≥6.5 h/day had significantly higher risk of T2DM than those whose time of sedentary behaviors between 0-2.4 h/day (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.11-2.81) after age and gender adjusted. However, the associations only exist in males and adults ≥50 years old according to sex and age stratification. It showed that participants with sedentary time ≥6.5 h/day had significantly higher risk of T2DM than those with sedentary time between 0-<2.5 h/d, with the corresponding OR (95%CI) at 2.34 (1.21-4.52) and 2.22 (1.19-4.16), respectively.@*Conclusion@#The prolonged sedentary time is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes. After stratification by gender and age, the correlation only found in males and adults aged ≥50 years old.

Cholesterol metabolism and malignant tumors / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Studies have shown that cholesterol metabolism plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development.At the same time, it is also shown an important application value in predicting the prognosis of malignant tumors.Cholesterol can improve the long-term quality of life and survival of cancer patients by appropriating risk stratification of these malignant tumors.

Reduction of renal ischemia reperfusion injury by hydrogen sulfide preconditioning through inhibiting oxidative stress / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the possible role of oxidative stress in the protection of hydrogen sulfide during renal ischemia reperfusion.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation (Sham) group, renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) group subject to occlusion of left renal pedicle for 45 min then reperfusion for 24 h, and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) preconditioning group with continuous infusion of NaHS (450 nmol/min) by left renal artery for 10 min before ischemia reperfusion.Renal injuries were evaluated by PAS staining.The protein levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4, NOX2 were analyzed by Western blotting.The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of renal tissue was determined by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining assay.Renal superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and Scr, BUN were evaluated by chromatometry assay.Cell apoptosis were evaluated by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.Results Compared with Sham group, in IR group the renal NOX4 and NOX2 protein expressions, the existence of acute tubular necrosis and ROS expression were up-regulated (all P ＜ 0.01);MDA, Scr, and BUN were increased and SOD was decreased significantly in IR-treated kidney (all P ＜ 0.01);Moreover, more apoptotic cells presented in the risk zone of IR-treated kindey (P ＜ 0.01).The effects induced by IR were inhibited by NaHS.Compared to that in IR group, NaHS precondition reversed IR-induced damages of renal function and renal tissue, increased SOD activity and decreased MDA expression (all P ＜ 0.05), as well as reduced the expression of NOX4, NOX2 and ROS (all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover, NaHS precondition reduced apoptosis after IR (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions NaHS alleviates renal ischemia reperfusion injury through inhibiting oxidative stress.Hydrogen sulfide can decrease ROS by inhibiting the activation of NOX, further inhibit the activation of NOD-like receptor, and alleviate kidney damage.

Construction of Competitiveness Evaluation Index System of Listed TCM Pharmaceutical Companies by Delphi Method / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To construct the competitiveness evaluation index system of listed TCM pharmaceutical companies and provide efficient technology and methods for the evaluation in related field.Methods Index base was founded by the means of the literature research method at first. Then 20 experts were asked to score all these indexes according to the importance of each index. Dimensionality and index base of competitiveness evaluation index system of listed TCM pharmaceutical companies were screened. With two rounds of questionnaires, the evaluation index system was constructed finally.Results The positive coefficients of two rounds of expert consultation were 95% and 100%;the cooperative coefficients were 0.659 and 0.639;the authoritative coefficient was 0.713 2. Evaluation system consisted of 5 first grade indexes and 26 second grade indexes.Conclusion The positive coefficients and the authoritative coefficients are both high enough through Delphi method. Opinions of all the experts in the two round of expert consultation tend to be uniform, which reveals that the evaluation index system of listed TCM pharmaceutical companies is relatively scientific.

Effects of the fibrin-derived peptide Bβ15-42 on renal inflammation after renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of the fibrin-derived peptide Bβ15-42 (FgBβ 15-42) on renal inflammation in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by renal ischemia reperfusion (IR).Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham group (the abdominal cavity were closed after separating the renal artery),IRI group (renal arteries of rats were occluded with microvascular clamps for 60 min),negative treated group (rats were injected with 3.6 mg/kg random peptide by tail vein) and FgBβ15-42 treated group (rats were injected with 3.6 mg/kg FgBβ15-42 by tail vein).Rats were sacrificed at 24 h or 48 h after reperfusion.Blood and kidney samples were collected and histological changes and renal function were examed.The mRNA and protein expressions of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were examined by immunohistochemistry,real-time PCR and Western blotting.Results Compared with sham group,Scr and BUN were obviously increased in IRI group (all P ＜ 0.05),pathologic changes of kidney were more serious (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with IRI group,in FgBβ15-42 treated group Scr and BUN were obviously decreased (all P ＜ 0.05),the injury of kidney tubulointerstitial was less serious (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with sham group,there was increased ICAM-1 and IL-1β in IRI group (all P ＜ 0.05),and they all peaked at 24 h.After treated with FgBβ15-42,the expression of ICAM-1,IL-1β were significantly decreased in kidneys compared to IRI group (all P ＜ 0.05).The above indexes had no significant differences between negative treated group and IRI group (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions FgBβ15-42 can protect kidneys against ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.The mechanism may be associated with down-regulated expressions of ICAM-1 and IL-1 β in the kidney.

Vasodilative activity of levamlodipine in isolated rat basilar artery and its underlying mechanisms / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of levamlodipine on contraction of isolated rat basilar arteries induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in hypoxic condition and its mechanism.Methods Basilar arteries in SD rats were applied in this experiment,and divided into vascular endothelial group and endothelium intact group,and the arteries in the vascular endothelial group were perfused low ionic strength solution to remove the vascular endothelium.Mixed gases were passed continuously into the bath liquid during the experiment;according to the different objectives,95％ O2+5％ CO2 mixed gas was passed at normoxia condition,while 95％ N2+5％ CO2 gas mixture at hypoxia.Blood vessels from the two groups were carried out vascular endothelial integrity and stability test.After passing the test,5× 10-7 mol/L 5-HT was used to pre-contract blood vessel;(1) vessels were respectively incubated with different concentrations (10-8-10-3 mol/L) of levamlodipine for 15 min,and the diameter changes of vessels were determined at each time point using vascular tension system;(2) 10-4 mol/L L-NAME solution (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) for 30 min at hypoxia and 10-4 mol/L of amlodipine for 15 min at normoxia condition were incubated into the vessels,respectively,and the diameter changes of rat basilar artery precontracted by 5-HT were also recorded.Results (1)The inhibitory percentage of levamlodipine at different concentration (10-8-10-3 mol/L) in the endothelium intact group was 0.0436％± 0.0116％,0.0530％±0.0134％,0.0696％±0.0103％,0.1265％±0.0284％,0.2362％±0.0275％,0.4084％± 0.0260％,0.5185％±0.0238％ and 0.5358％±0.0160％,respectively,and that in the vascular endothelial group was 0.0607％±0.0084％,0.0852％±0.0138％,0.1676％±0.0247％,0.3285％±0.0250％,0.4161％± 0.284％ and 0.4219％±0.260％;the inhibiting effect in the endothelium intact group was more obvious than that in the vascular endothelial group at hypoxic condition with significant difference (P＜0.05).(2) At the normal condition,the inhibitory percentage of levamlodipine was 0.9626％±0.0224％ and 0.7358％ ± ±0.0149％ before and after L-NAME treatment;at the hypoxic condition,the inhibitory percentage of levamlodipine was 0.9485％±0.0129％ 、0.8979％±0.0150％ before and after L-NAME treatment;the difference between the two conditions were significantly different (P＜0.05) Conclusion Levamlodipine has concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on vasoconstriction of rat basilar artery induced by 5-HT in hypoxic condition,which may be related to receptor-operated calcium channels and the release ofendothelium derived relaxing factor NO.