The safety and efficiency of left atrial appendage closure combined delayed anticoagulant therapy in atrial fibrillation patients combined with cardiogenic stroke during anticoagulant therapy / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To assess the safety and efficiency of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) combined delayed anticoagulant therapy in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients combined with cardiogenic stroke during anticoagulant therapy.Methods:Using prospective research methods, 35 AF patients combined with cardiogenic stroke during anticoagulant therapy from September 2020 to June 2022 in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University were selected. All patients were treated with LAAC and delayed anticoagulant therapy. The endpoints were the safety and efficacy of LAAC combined with delayed anticoagulant therapy. The primary endpoint of efficacy was the composite endpoint of postoperative death, myocardial infarction, hemorrhagic stroke and systemic embolism. The safety endpoint was major bleeding as defined by the International Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and clinically relevant non-major bleeding.Results:Among 35 patients, 21 were males and 14 were females; the age was (68.5 ± 9.3) years old; the CHA 2DS 2-VASc score was 5 (4, 6) scores; the time to the last stroke was 95 (42, 98) d; the National Institutes of Health stroke scale score at the time of stroke was 3 (1, 6) scores. All patients successfully completed LAAC without perioperative instrument-surface thrombosis, death, new stroke or bleeding events. Thirty-two patients continued oral anticoagulant therapy 45 d after LAAC. The patients were followed up for (12.6 ± 4.3) months, 1 patient experienced recurrent ischemic stroke, 2 patients endured mucosal bleeding, there were no adverse events such as all-cause death, cardiovascular death, systemic embolism and hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions:The LAAC combined delayed anticoagulant therapy is efficient and safe in patients with AF. For AF patients combined with cardiogenic stroke during anticoagulant therapy, LAAC combined with delayed anticoagulation therapy may be considered to further prevent ischemic stroke events.

Delineating asthma according to inflammation phenotypes with a focus on paucigranulocytic asthma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness. However, the differences in pathophysiology and phenotypic symptomology make a diagnosis of "asthma" too broad hindering individualized treatment. Four asthmatic inflammatory phenotypes have been identified based on inflammatory cell profiles in sputum: eosinophilic, neutrophilic, paucigranulocytic, and mixed-granulocytic. Paucigranulocytic asthma may be one of the most common phenotypes in stable asthmatic patients, yet it remains much less studied than the other inflammatory phenotypes. Understanding of paucigranulocytic asthma in terms of phenotypic discrimination, distribution, stability, surrogate biomarkers, underlying pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and current therapies is fragmented, which impedes clinical management of patients. This review brings together existing knowledge and ongoing research about asthma phenotypes, with a focus on paucigranulocytic asthma, in order to present a comprehensive picture that may clarify specific inflammatory phenotypes and thus improve clinical diagnoses and disease management.

Research progress of laser in partial nephrectomy / 中国基层医药

For most stage T1 renal tumors, it is still necessary to block the renal pedicle to achieve the purpose of resection.However, it is not conducive to the recovery of postoperative renal function.Therefore, laser plays an important role in partial nephrectomy in order to achieve zero ischemia, and the aim of this review is to explain the research progress of laser in partial nephrectomy.

Clinicopathologic features of atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, immunophenotype, differential and diagnostic features of atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor (ASLT).@*Methods@#Three cases of ASLT were collected from January 2010 to March 2017 at Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital. The clinical and imaging features, histomorphology, immunophenotype and prognosis were analyzed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect MDM2 gene amplification, and relevant literature was reviewed.@*Results@#All three patients were adult males, aged 38, 43 and 54 years, respectively. One tumor originated in the subcutaneous soft tissue in the head and neck, one was located in the left primary bronchus and one in the latissimus dorsi muscle. Grossly, all three tumors were circumscribed and ranged from 4.0 to 5.8 cm in size. Microscopically, all showed a focally infiltrative front. These tumors were composed of variable proportions of spindle-shaped and adipocytic cells in a background of variable fibrous and edematous matrix. Scattered lipoblasts were easily seen. One tumor was composed predominately of spindle tumor cells, one of adipocytic cells, and one of equally mixed cell populations. The spindle tumor cells were generally bland-appearing with focal nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia noted in one case. Mitosis was not seen in neither the spindle cells nor the adipocytic cells. By immunohistochemistry, diffuse and strong reactivity to CD34 of the spindle cells was noted in all cases, definite loss of Rb expression was noted in one of three cases, and S-100 protein was expressed only in the adipocytic cells. INI-1 was intact and Ki-67 index was 1% to 3%. All other markers including CDK4, MDM2, STAT6, SOX10, CD99, bcl-2, β-catenin, CD117, GFAP, CK, EMA, SMA and desmin were negative. FISH of MDM2 was done in two cases, and both showed no amplification. The ASLT in the head and neck had two recurrences during 17 months of follow-up, whereas the tumor in the latissimus dorsi was free of disease during 33 months of follow-up.@*Conclusions@#ASLT is a rare subtype of low-grade adipocytic neoplasm and is distinctive from atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma. The histomorpholgy of ASLT has significant heterogeneity and forms a continuous spectrum. ASLT needs to be distinguished from a series of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors.

Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor with uncommon histology: a clinicopathologic analysis of 7 cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, immunophenotypes, and differential diagnostic features of extra-pleural solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) with uncommon histology.@*Methods@#Seven cases of extra-pleural SFT with uncommon histology were collected during January 2015 and December 2016 in Zhejiang Provincal People′s Hospital; the clinical and radiologic features, histomorphology, immunophenotype and prognosis were analyzed. EnVision method was used for immunohistochemical staining of STAT6, CD34 and other differential diagnosis associated markers.@*Results@#There were five male and two female patients, age from 23 to 54 years (mean=39 years). Three tumors were located in the soft tissue of head and neck, two in trunk subcutaneous soft tissue, one in sella region, and one in the kidney. Grossly the tumors ranged from 0.4 to 8.0 cm (mean=3.1 cm). Microscopically, all three head and neck cases resembled giant cell angiofibroma/giant cell subtype SFT, and one case showed sheet-like pattern of the multinucleated syncytial cells, creating a biphasic arrangement similar to myofibroma. Both truncal tumor resembled lipomatous type SFT, with one similar to dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and the other to atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor. The sella tumor showed morphology of a conventional SFT with high grade sarcomatous transformation. The renal tumor demonstrated a malignant SFT with entrapped benign renal tubules, mimicking a biphase synovial sarcoma or a malignant mixed epithelial and stromal tumor. By immunohistochemistry, all seven SFTs showed diffuse and strong nuclear reactivity to antibody against STAT6.@*Conclusions@#Extra-pleural SFTs show a significant heterogeneity of morphology and biological behavior which could cause differential confusion.Careful attention to its characteristic histomorphology with the use of STAT6 immunohistochemistry can help distinguish this tumor from its many mimickers.

Pigmented microcystic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of five cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinicopathologic features, diagnostic and differential diagnostic aspects of pigmented microcystic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC).@*Methods@#Five cases of pigmented microcystic ChRCC were collected at Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2013 to January 2018. The clinical features, gross and histological appearances, immunohistochemistry and prognosis were analyzed and the relevant literature was reviewed.@*Results@#There were 3 men and 2 women with age range of 45 years to 72 years (mean 57 years). All tumors were incidentally identified by imaging examinations. Grossly, the tumors were well-demarcated and showed diameters ranging from 1.8 cm to 4.0 cm(mean 2.9 cm). On cross section, the tumors were brown to gray tan with solid cut-surface mixed with multiple cysts of variable sizes. Hemorrhage was common, central scar was not seen. Microscopically, the tumors were composed predominantly of irregular and variable-sized microcystic or tubulocystic patterns, with extensive cribriform structures formation and focal adenomatous rearrangements seen in one case each, and focal pseudo-papillary structures (lacking true fibro-vascular cores) seen in two cases. Microscopic calcifications and psammoma bodies were present in all tumors. Four tumors composed mostly of eosinophilic cells whereas 1 predominated in plant-like cells. Brown pigmentations, either intracytoplasmic or extracytoplasmic, were noted in all five cases. The tumor cells had irregular, low-grade nuclei (Paner grade: 1) frequently with binucleation and perinuclar halos. Tumor necrosis or sarcomatous transformation was not seen. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells expressed CK, EMA, and E-cadherin diffusely and strongly in five cases; and CK7 and CD117 diffusely in four cases. They were negative for vimentin, CD10, CA9, AMACR/P504s, TFE3, HMB45, Melan A, S-100 protein, synaptophysin and chromogranin. Partial nephrectomies were performed for all five patients; there was no tumor recurrences or metastases at a follow-up of 2 to 55 months (mean, 17 months).@*Conclusions@#Pigmented microcystic ChRCC is a rare histological variant of ChRCC with relatively indolent behavior, and shows morphologic heterogeneity which can elicit a wide range of differential diagnoses. Careful attentions to search for typical features of classic ChRCC with the use of immunohistochemistry can help to distinguish this tumor from its many mimickers.

Application value of reticulocyte parameters in chemotheraphy of acute leukemia / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study the clinical significance of reticulocyte parameters change before and after chemotheraphy in acute leukemia.Methods Thirty-two chemotherapeutic patients suffered from acute leukemia were improved after chemotherapy.The percentage of reticulocyte(RET%),reticulocyte absolute value(RET#),low fluorescent reticulocyte percentage(LFR),middle fluorescent reticulocyte percentage(MRF),high fluorescent reticulocyte percentage(HFR),white blood cells(WBC) and absolute neutrophils count (ANC) and immature reticulocyte fraction(IRF) were detected by using the Sysmex 2000 automatic blood cell analyzer.Results IRF,MFR and HFR after chemotherapy in the patients with leukemia were always declined,reached the lowest on 7 d of chemotherapy,began to recover on 14 d after chemotherapy,and recovered to the level before chemotherapy on 21 d of chemotherapy.LFR began to increase on 7 d of chemotherapy,and began to decrease on 14 d of chemotherapy.WBC and RET# were always decreased on 7,14 d of chemotherapy,and began to recover on 21 d of chemotherapy.Conclusion IRF,MFR,HFR and LFR are the sensitive indicators reflecting the bone marrow recovery and are earlier than WBC and RET# by 7 d.

The G4-quadruplex mutation of the core gene enhances the immunogenicity of hepatitis C virus DNA vaccine / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of G-quadruplex (G4) RNA structure of core of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the specific immune response. Methods Circular dichroism (CD) was usedto detect the G4 spatial structure of the G4 oligonucleotide chain RNA (named as G4R) and its mutant of G4 (named as G4RM) by G base site-specific mutation.The HCV wild-type core gene G4(DNA) sequence was mutated as G4M-core by PCR site-directed mutagenesis without changing the amino acid codon.Then wild type and mutated core genes were constructed into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-Myc, and produced as pcDNA3.1-core-G4-WT (named as pG4) and pcDNA3.1-core-G4-M (named as pG4M), the expression of core protein was examined by Western blot. The mice were immunized with the pG4 and pG4M plasmids DNA respectively, and their humoral and cellular responses were examined. Results CD results showed that the structure of G4RM was changed compared to Wild type G4R, and the melting curve analysis showed the melting temperature of GR4M was lower than that of G4R, which indicates that G4RM structure is unstable. Western blot analysis showed that pG4M had much higher protein expression level compared to pG4(P<0.05). Analysis of animal immunization showed that pG4M induced increased levels of total IgG and IFN-γ compared to pG4(P<0.05). The IgG level of the pG4M group was 1.61 times higher than that of the pG4 group. By enzyme-linked immunospot(ELISpot)assay, we found that the release IFN-γ level of pG4M was 1.39 times higher than those of pG4. Flow cytometry showed that the intracellular IFN-γ production in the splenic CD4+ T cells was 1.79 times than those of pG4. Conclusion The G-quadruplex structure of HCV core can inhibit its protein translation. The mutation of G-quadruplex of core led to increased Th1-type immune responses. This is the first report demonstrate that HCV core G-quadruplex mutation can enhance its immunogenicity and could be used as a new strategy ofexploring HCV vaccine with enhanced immunogenicity.

Progress in the researches for antitumor NEDD8 activating enzyme inhibitors / 中国药科大学学报

Inhibition of NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE),the rate limiting enzyme in Neddylation,can suppress the activity of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) pathway and decrease degradations of related proteins,resulting in cell apoptosis.Compared with the proteasome inhibitors,NAE inhibitors can interfere with cellular homeostasis with more specificity.With the rapid development of the research on NAE,a variety of NAE inhibitors have been reported.According to the structure characteristics,NAE inhibitors can be divided into the AMP analogues,double flavonoids deoxidization duckbill alkali ketone derivatives and metal rhodium complex classes,etc.The process of ubiquitinated modified Neddylation,NAE and physiological role of tumor has been introduced in this paper,and the latest progress of NAE inhibitors also has been summarized.

Relationship between proprioception and chronic ankle instability / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To evaluate how proprioception affect ankle stability through comparing angle position awareness and peroneus reaction time between chronic ankle lateral instability patients and healthy controls.Methods A total of 51 participants were recruited into an experimental group of 21 patients with chronic ankle lateral instability (17 males,aged 31.6±2.6) and a control group of 30 healthy counterparts (24 males,aged 34.2±2.3).All the participants were asked to reoccur passive ankle position under the angular velocity at 2 degree per second when they were resting with non-weight bearing in their recruited ankles.The muscle reaction time (MRT)of peroneus longus(PL) and peroneus brevis (PB) in all the recruited ankles was measured during sudden ankle inversion both with and without ankle protective brace wearing.Results The difference between angle recurrence and the target angle (ankle inversion 20° and 30°) was significantly higher (P＜0.05) in the experimental group compared to the control group.The average MRTs of PL and PB were also significantly longer (P＜0.05) in the experimental group than the control group,whether wearing ankle protective braces or not.However,within both groups,no significant differences of PL and PB's MRT were identified between brace wearing and no brace (P＞0.05).Conclusions In patients with chronic lateral ankle instability,the position awareness decreases and the reaction time of peroneus is prolonged.Ankle braces can provide mechanical protection to the injured joints,but cannot promote MRT significantly.

Level of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and serum vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To measure the level of circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and to investigate its clinical significance in patients with different stages of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods The level of circulating EPC was quantified by assaying CD45-CD34+VEGFR-R2 +cell phenotype in 45 patients with RCC (RCC group), 30 patients with benign renal tumors(benign renal tumors group) and 30 healthy controls (control group). Serum VEGF was quantified by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were compared. Results The level of EPC in RCC groups was (0.265 ± 0.042)%, in benign renal tumors group was(0.053 ± 0.008)% , and in control group was (0.048 ± 0.006)%. The level of EPC in RCC group was significantly higher than that in benign renal tumors group and control group (P<0.05). The level of EPC in Ⅲ- Ⅳ stage patients was significantly higher than that in Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage patients:(0.312 ± 0.038)%vs. (0.215 ± 0.021)%, P<0.05. Three months after operation, the level of EPC in 33 RCC patients without pretreatment was (0.078 ± 0.003)% and significantly lower that before treatment (P<0.05). The level of VEGF in RCC groups was (305.5 ± 29.1) ng/L, in benign renal tumors group was (29.8 ± 3.2) ng/L, and in control group was (25.1 ± 2.8) ng/L. The level of VEGF in RCC group was significantly higher than that in benign renal tumors group and control group (P<0.05). The level of VEGF inⅢ-Ⅳstage patients was significantly higher than that inⅠ-Ⅱstage patients:(365.6 ± 34.6) ng/L vs. (256.2 ± 23.2) ng/L, P<0.05. Pearson association analysis showed that the level of EPC had positive associations with VEGF (r=0.714, P<0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that the size of kidney neoplasms was a dependent factor for the level of EPC. Conclusions The level of EPC has a positive association with VEGF. EPC maybe a new biomarker for RCC.

Effects of running exercise on cartilage in rats with an unstable knee joint / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of running exercise on cartilage in rats with an unstable knee joint.Methods Twenty 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats had their left anterior cruciate ligament cut to model an unstable knee.They were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group,10 rats in each group.The control group was given no intervention,while the experimental group accepted running exercise training on na animal treadmill at a velocity of 15 m/min for an hour every day.After 3 and 6 weeks of training,5 rats were sacrificed and cartilage from the medial condyle of the femur was sampled,decalcificated,embedded and sliced on the sagittal plane.After hematoxylin-eosin staining,toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemical staining,the cartilage thickness,Mankin' score,the content of matrix collagen and the proteoglycan content of the cartilage matrix were assessed,and the shape and structure of the unstable knee joints were observed under a transmission electron microscope.Results The cartilage thicknesses and Mankin's scores at 6 weeks were significantly different from those at 3 weeks in both groups.In the experimental group the average thickness of cartilage was 154 ± 13 μm at 3 weeks and 131 ± 15 μm at 6 weeks.The corresponding Mankin's scores were 9.93 ± 1.36 and 11.23 ± 1.57,respectively.Both were significantly different from the control group averages at the same time points.There was also a significant difference in the positive rate of toluidine blue and collagen type Ⅱ staining between the experimental group and the control group at both time points,and in the experimental group between 3 and 6 weeks of training.After 3 weeks of training,fewer chondrocytes were observed under the transmission electron microscope in the experimental group,and fissures were seen on the surface of the cartilages.However,3 weeks later,quite a few ruptures and a lot of necrotic cells could be seen.Conclusions Running exercise can damage the cartilage of unstable knee joints and speed up the development of osteoarthritis.Even moderate exercise could aggravate damage to unstable joints and the cartilage matrix,and accelerate chondrocyte degeneration.

Clinical value of delayed 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging after diuresis in male patients with locally re-current rectal cancer / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of delayed 18 F?FDG PET/CT pelvic imaging after forced diuresis in detecting male patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer. Methods Thirty?two male patients ( 32-79 years) with clinically suspicious recurrences of rectal cancer were retrospectively ana?lyzed. All patients underwent a standard 18 F?FDG PET/CT followed by a delayed pelvic imaging after 2.5 h of administration of 20 mg furosemide intravenously and extra water intake of 500 ml at least. Final diagnosis was made by pathology or clinical follow?up (>10 months ) . Diagnostic efficiency of 18 F?FDG PET/CT standard and delayed pelvic images were calculated and compared. χ2 test was used for data analysis. Re?sults A total of 25 patients were diagnosed with recurrent rectal cancer, including 10 cases with invasion of surrounding tissue, and 5 cases with metastases. Among the 7 patients without local recurrences, 2 had dis?tant metastases. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of standard FDG PET/CT were 92.0%(23/25), 3/7, 81.2%(26/32), respectively. The corresponding values of the delayed imaging were 96.0%(24/25), 6/7, and 93.8%(30/32), respectively. The specificity of delayed imaging was higher than that of standard FDG PET/CT (χ2=14.333, P0.05) . The urina?ry bladder activity reached or approached the background during the delayed imaging. Twenty?two malignant lesions of surrounding invasion were confirmed. The positive rate of delayed imaging was higher than that of standard FDG PET/CT:95.5%(21/22) vs 63.6%(14/22);χ2=6.400, P<0.05. Conclusions 18F?FDG PET/CT delayed pelvic imaging after diuresis and hydration is useful for eliminating the artifacts from urina?ry bladder activity, and for detecting the invasion to the rectal surrounding tissue more effectively. It could be a supplement to standard FDG PET/CT.

Diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT delayed imaging after diuresis in patients with primary bladder tumor / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT delayed imaging after induced diuresis for primary bladder tumor.Methods Fourteen patients (12 males,2 females; age range 35-88 years) with pathologically confirmed primary bladder tumor (clinical stage T1.3N0M0) were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent standard 18F-FDG PET/CT followed by a delayed (2.5-3.0 h later)pelvic imaging post intravenous injection of 20 mg furosemide and oral intake of 600 ml water.A positivelesion was defined as the uptake of 18F-FDG greater than the urine radioactivity and negative as equaled to or less than the urine radioactivity.Diagnostic efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT was calculated with pathology as the gold standard.Mann-Whitney u test was used to analyze data.Results There were 12 malignant (11 urothelium carcinomas and 1 squamous cell carcinoma) and 2 benign tumors (papillary epitheliomas).On standard PET/CT imaging,3 of 12 malignant lesions showed increased metabolism of 18F-FDG and the other 9 were false negative; while the 2 benign tumors showed no abnormal 18F-FDG uptake.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT were 3/12,2/2 and 5/14,respectively.Sizes of the 3 18F-FDG-avid malignant lesions were greater than those of other 9 18F-FDG-negative lesions (26,30,35 mm vs (15.6±6.3) mm; Z=-2.315,P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of delayed pelvic imaging were 11/12,2/2,13/14,respectively.Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT delayed imaging after diuresis has a high diagnostic efficacy for primary bladder tumor.

Effects of Kinesio Taping on Muscle Strength of Knees in Female Students / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the effects of Kinesio taping on function of knees in girls. Methods 20 female students were tested the peak torque of centripedal and eccentric contraction of knee flexion and extension with Biodex isokinetic testing at 60°/s angular veloci-ty, with Kinesio taping, placebo taping and without taping. Their amplitude root of mean square (RMS) of surface electromyography of vas-tus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RM) and vastus lateralis (VL) were also recorded. Results For centripedal isokinetic contraction, the rela-tive extensors peak torque was the most as Kinesio taping (P0.05). Standardized RMS of VM and VL were the least as Kinesio taping (P0.05). For eccentric isokinetic contraction, the relative extensor peak torque of both extensors and flexors were the most as Kinesio taping (P0.05). Conclusion Kinesio taping may enhance the strength of centripedal, eccentric contractions of quadriceps and eccentric contractions of hamstring, and increase the muscle fibers recruitment of VM and VL.

Association of elite athlete performance and gene polymorphisms / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Human has a high level heritability in physical performance. With the development of technology and test method in molecular biology, the researchers of sport science are concerned with the influence of gene variation on the elite athlete performance. They begin to know the important value of gene on predicting the physical performance. OBJECTIVE:To review the research results in the field of gene polymorphisms and elite athlete performance and to expatiate the problems in these researches, thereby offering some proposals. METHODS:A computer-based online research of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed to col ect articles published from 1998 to 2013 with the key words“elite athlete performance, gene polymorphisms, endurance, power, training response”in Chinese and English. There were 150 articles after the initial survey. A total of 80 articles were included according inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The researches of this field are mainly focused on the three aspects:elite endurance performance, elite power performance, and training response, which are associated with gene polymorphisms. The main genes related to elite endurance performance are ACE, mtDNA, PPAR, ADR, GNB3, NRF2, etc. The main genes related to elite power performance are ACTN3, ACE, GDF-8, IL-6, HIF-1, etc. The main genes related to training response are HBB, TFAM, NRF2, AR, FECH, etc. Several gaps in the current researches have been identified including smal sample size of most athletic cohorts, lack of corroboration with replication cohorts of different ethnic backgrounds. The numerous research findings can be applied to the gene selection of athletes by creating some kinds of algorithms and models.

Impact on sexual function of 120 W 2 μm continuous-wave laser vapoenucleation versus and transurethral resection of the prostate / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate the impact of 120 W 2 μ m continuous-wave laser vapoenucleation versus and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on sexual function.Methods One hundred and twenty-two patients with BPH were selected,63 cases were treated with 120 W 2 μ m continuous-wave laser vapoenucleation versus(2 μ m laser group),59 cases were treated with TURP(TURP group).International index of erectile function(IIEF) scores and self-made general assessment questions were completed before and 12 months after treatment to determine the impact on sexual function.IIEF scores included erectile function (EF),sexual desire,orgasm,sexual satisfaction and overall satisfaction.Results The IIEF scores difference was no significant before treatment between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).In two groups,there was no significant difference in EF,sexual desire,sexual satisfaction and overall satisfaction score between before treatment and 12 months after treatment(P＞ 0.05),orgasm score 12 months after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment [2 μm laser group:(5.9 ± 1.5) scores vs.(8.6 ± 2.7) scores;TURP group:(5.5 ± 1.6) scores vs.(8.7 ± 1.8) scores] (P ＜0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that two groups EF score and the international prostate symptom score,quality of life score and Q.~ positive linear correlation.Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of retrograde ejaculation and orgasm reduced significantly assoeiated(P ＜ 0.05),as an independent predictor of orgasm reduced after treatment(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is no difference between these two surgical techniques regarding to impact on sex function.No significant EF improvement after surgery in both groups,but these two techniques can significantly decrease the IIEF orgasmic function domain and this is mainly caused by retrograde ejaculation.

Simultaneous determination of plasma threonine and alanine enantiomers in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma by RP-HPLC / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the change of plasma L-threonine (L-Thr) ,D-threonine (D-Thr) ,L-alanine (L-Ala) and D-alanine (D-Ala) in the patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by using the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) .Methods The o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) column with pre-column derivatization was adopted to perform the separation .The mobile phase was 20 mmol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution and acetonitrile with a programmed gradient elution and the flow rate of 1 .0 mL/min .The excitation wavelength was set at 350 nm and the emission wavelength was set at 450 nm .Results The threonine and alanine enantiomers could be simultaneously determined by this method .The regression equation showed the good linear correlation The limits of detection (LOD) for L-Thr ,D-Thr ,L-Ala and D-Ala were 11 .4 pg/mL ,9 .77 pg/mL ,4 .11 pg/mL and 3 .50 pg/mL respectively .The recovery rate was 90 .22% -105 .7% .With-in-day and between-day RSD was 1 .04% -4 .11% .Conclusion The threonine and alanine enantiomers could be simultaneously de-termined by this method .The regression equation showed the good linear correlation The limits of detection (LOD) for L-Thr ,D-Thr ,L-Ala and D-Ala were 11 .4 pg/mL ,9 .77 pg/mL ,4 .11 pg/mL and 3 .50 pg/mL respectively .The recovery rate was 90 .22%-105 .7% .Within-day and between-day RSD was 1 .04% -4 .11% .

Effects of exercises on knee cartilage volume in young healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Acute effects of physical exercise on the deformational behavior of knee articular cartilage and changes in cartilage volume are definite. However, conclusive effects of different exercises on the loss of articular cartilage volume have not been proved. In this parallel-group randomized controlled trial, we tested whether 12 weeks of swimming, powerstriding, cycling, and running exercises would decrease the cartilage volume significantly and whether there would be a difference in the loss of cartilage volume after different types of exercises.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2012 to January 2013 we evaluated 120 healthy volunteer students in Biomechanics Laboratory of Tongji University. Body mass index (BMI), right lower limb strength, and right knee cartilage magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained before exercise. MRI were conducted in East Hospital. The study was approved by Tongji University Ethical Committee, all subjects were randomly assigned to the running, powerstriding, cycling, swimming, and control groups by a drawing of lots. Each group contained 24 samples. At the end of 12 weeks of regular exercises, the same measurement procedures were applied. Cartilage volume was calculated with OSIRIS software based on the quantitative-MRI. Pre- and post-exercise comparisons were carried out using paired t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare differences of cartilage volume loss between groups with Student-Newman-Keuls procedure for multiple comparisons.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Running, cycling, and swimming groups resulted in a significant decrease in BMI. The quadriceps peak torque increased significantly in the swimming and cycling groups. Total cartilage volume significantly decreased in the running and cycling groups after 12 weeks of training, without any significant change in the nonimpact swimming, low-impact powerstriding, and control groups. Loss of total cartilage volume in the running and cycling groups were 2.21% (3.03) and 1.50% (0.42).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Twelve weeks of regular physical exercises (i.e., running and cycling) decrease the total knee cartilage volume. Swimming and powerstriding are recommended for the healthy youth. This finding suggests that articular cartilage has the functional adaptation for exercises, and some sports could be the risk factors for the initiation of osteoarthritis (OA) in young healthy adults.</p>