Effects of Diosmine on semen quality and sex hormone concentration in patients with spermatovenous liga-tion / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of diosmine on semen quality and sex hormone concentra-tion in patients with spermatovenous ligation.Methods Clinical data were retrospectively collected from January 2019 to January 2022 on patients with varicocele admitted to Department of Urology,General Hospital of Southern Theater Command,divided into a control group and a study group based on whether they had a history of Diosmine use after surgery.Clinical data from both groups were matched using propensity score matching.Sperm quality and sex hormone tests were then compared before surgery,three months after surgery and six months after surgery.Results There were 73 in the control group and 73 in the study group.Both groups were balanced in terms of age,BMI,seminal fluid volume and testosterone(P＞0.05).Sperm motility,forward motility and testosterone were all increased 3 and 6 months after surgery,and sperm malformations,sperm DNA fragment index,follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were all reduced significantly(P＜0.05).The results were also better than those in the control group for total sperm motility,forward motility,testosterone,sperm DNA fragment index,follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone(P＜0.05).Conclusions Diosmine can help to restore semen quality and improve sex hormone concentration in patients with varicocele after Laparoscopic varicocelectomy.

Mechanism by which moxibustion pretreatment attenuates oxidative stress injury in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Pretreatment with moxibustion is a preventive treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.Pretreatment with moxibustion at the onset of prodromal symptoms can significantly reduce the symptoms and delay the onset of many diseases,but the exact mechanism remains to be studied. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism of SIRT1/FoxO3 pathway in moxibustion pretreatment to ameliorate oxidative stress injury in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model rats. METHODS:Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model group,moxibustion pretreatment group,and moxibustion pretreatment+EX527(SIRT1 inhibitor)group,with 12 rats in each group.The moxibustion pretreatment group was given moxibustion with seed-sized moxa cone at Baihui,Dazhui,and Zusanli before modeling,three moxa-cones per acupoint,once a day for 7 days.In the model group,moxibustion pretreatment group and moxibustion pretreatment+EX527 group,the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was made by suturing of the middle cerebral artery 30 minutes after the last moxibustion.After 2 hours of cerebral ischemia,the middle artery suture was removed and the rats were reperfused for 12 hours.In the sham-operated group,only the common carotid artery,internal carotid artery,and external carotid artery were dissected without suturing the middle cerebral artery.In the moxibustion pretreatment+EX527 group,EX527(15 mg/kg)was given intraperitoneally 30 minutes before each moxibustion.After 12 hours of reperfusion,the rats were scored for neurological deficits,and the cerebral infarct volume was calculated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining method.The levels of oxidative stress factors in the infarcted tissues were detected by the kit method,and western-blot method was used to detect the expression levels of SIRT1,FoxO3,p-FoxO3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ischemic area of the cerebral cortex. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 12 hours of reperfusion,the neurobehavioral score in the model group was significantly higher than that in the sham-operated group(P＜0.01),while the score in the moxibustion pretreatment group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P＜0.01)and moxibustion pretreatment+EX527 group(P＜0.05).There were no obvious infarct foci in the brain tissue of the sham-operated rats,but obvious ischemic foci were observed in the right side of the brain tissue of the rats in the model group(P＜0.01).The right infarct volume in the moxibustion pretreatment group was significantly reduced compared with the model group(P＜0.01),while the right infarct volume in the moxibustion pretreatment+EX527 group was significantly enlarged compared with the moxibustion pretreatment group.After 12 hours of reperfusion,the level of malondialdehyde was significantly elevated(P＜0.01)and the expression of superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased(P＜0.01)in the model group compared with the sham-operated group.The levels of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05)and the expression of superoxide dismutase was significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05)in the moxibustion pretreatment group compared with the model group and the moxibustion pretreatment+EX527 group.Western blot results showed that the expression levels of SIRT1,FoxO3,p-FoxO3,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor proteins were significantly higher in the model group compared with the sham-operated group(P＜0.01);compared with the model group,the expression levels of SIRT1,FoxO3,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were significantly higher in the moxibustion pretreatment group(P＜0.01),and p-FoxO3 expression was significantly lower(P＜0.01);compared with the moxibustion pretreatment+EX527 group,the expression levels of SIRT1,FoxO3,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were elevated in the moxibustion pretreatment group(P＜0.05),and no statistically significant difference was found in the p-FoxO3 expression(P＞0.05).To conclude,moxibustion pretreatment can significantly improve neurological function in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of SIRT1/FoxO3 pathway to reduce oxidative stress injury in the rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Moxibustion inhibits NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway mediated cell pyroptosis and alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:It was found that moxibustion can inhibit the inflammatory factors in the serum of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,resist oxidative stress,inhibit cell apoptosis,and effectively reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of different moxibustion intervention time on the expression levels of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like protein 3 inflammasome(NLRP3),cysteine aspartase(caspase-1),apoptosis-related speck-like protein,exfoliatin-D protein,interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,and to explore its action mechanism. METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(n=9)and operation group(n=36).The model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the operation group.After successful modeling,the rats in the operation group were further divided into model group,moxibustion 10-minute group,moxibustion 15-minute group and moxibustion 30-minute group,with 9 rats in each group.Rats in the moxibustion 10-minute,15-minute and 30-minute groups were given moxibustion at"Baihui,Dazhui and Zusanli",respectively,once a day for a total of 7 days.The neurological deficits of rats were evaluated by LONGA method.The cerebral infarction was observed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.The pathological changes of brain tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The contents of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 in serum of rats in each group were detected by ELISA.Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay were used to detect the expression levels of NLRP3,caspase-1,apoptosis-related spot-like protein and gasdermin D in the ischemic cortex of rats in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the sham operation group,the neurological deficit score of the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the neurological deficit score of the moxibustion groups was significantly reduced(P<0.01).Compared with the sham operation group,the infarct volume of the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the infarct volume of the moxibustion groups was significantly reduced(P<0.01);the infarct volume of the rats was smallest in the moxibustion 30-minute group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the contents of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 in the serum of rats in the moxibustion groups were decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the moxibustion 10-minute group,the contents of inflammatory factors in the serum of rats in the moxibustion 30-minute group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the expression of NLRP3,apoptosis-related spot-like protein,Caspase-1 and gasdermin D protein in the ischemic cortex of the moxibustion groups was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the moxibustion 10-minute and 15-minute groups,the expression of protein in the moxibustion 30-minute group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).It is concluded that moxibustion at Baihui,Dazhui and Zusanli can reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,among which moxibustion for 30 minutes has the best effect,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway.

Efficacy and safety of ultrasound cycloplasty in the treatment of refractory glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)in the treatment of refractory glaucoma.METHODS:From June 2021 to October 2022, a total of 17 patients(17 eyes)with refractory glaucoma were enrolled in this prospective study, and they all underwent UCP. The patients underwent 6 mo followed-up post-treatment, and the intraocular pressure(IOP), pain grade score, IOP lowering drugs, success rate and occurrence of complications were documented.RESULTS:The IOP was significantly decreased from 51.98±7.80 mmHg before UCP to 32.54±13.21 mmHg at 1 d, 22.38±11.98 mmHg at 1 wk, 22.63±10.78 mmHg at 1 mo, 26.05±9.17 mmHg at 3 mo, and 23.73±9.60 mmHg at 6 mo postoperatively(all P&#x003C;0.01). The percentage of IOP reduction after treatment was 36.25%, 57.10%, 56.35%, 49.16% and 54.09% at 1 d, 1 wk, 1, 3, and 6 mo, respectively. The pain grade scores were decreased(P&#x003C;0.01). There was a statistically significant reduction in the use of IOP lowering medications(P=0.008). At 6 mo postoperatively, 2 eyes(12%)were complete success, 11 eyes(65%)were qualified success, and 4 eyes(24%)were failure. The main complication observed was anterior chamber inflammation in 1 eye(6%), foreign body sensation in 2 eyes(12%), subconjunctival hemorrhage in 2 eyes(12%), and conjunctival congestion in 6 eyes(35%). All symptoms spontaneously resolved within 1 wk without requiring any specific treatment. One case of choroidal detachment(6%)occurred on 10 d postoperatively, but recovered after orally treated by prednisone acetate for 1 mo. No other serious complications, such as hyphema, corectopia, synechia or macular edema were reported.CONCLUSION:UCP is safe and efficacious in treating refractory glaucoma, reducing IOP and alleviating ocular pain symptoms, while maintaining a favorable safety profile.

Wilson's Disease in Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Wilson's disease （WD） is a copper metabolism disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene， with diverse phenotypes and complex pathogenesis. It is one of the few rare diseases that can achieve good clinical efficacy through standardized treatment. Since there are few systematic reviews of this disease， we summarize the pathogenesis and treatment methods of WD from traditional Chinese and western medicine by reviewing the literature related to WD. In western medicine， ATP7B gene mutation is considered as the root cause of WD， which affects copper transport and causes copper metabolism disorders. The excessive copper deposited in the body will result in oxidative stress， defects in mitochondrial function， and cell death. Western medicine treatment of WD relies mainly on drugs， and copper antagonists are the first choice in clinical practice， which are often combined with hepatoprotective and antioxidant therapy. Surgery is a common therapy for the patients with end-stage WD， and gene therapy provides an option for WD patients. According to the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory， WD is rooted in constitutional deficiency and copper accumulation and triggered by dampness-heat accumulation or phlegm combined with stasis. The patient syndrome varies in different stages of the disease， and thus the treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation. The TCM treatment method of nourishing the liver and kidneys and warming the spleen and kidneys can address the root cause. The methods of clearing heat and drying dampness， resolving phlegm and dispelling stasis， and soothing liver and regulating qi movement can be adopted to treat symptoms. On the basis of syndrome differentiation， special prescriptions for the treatment of WD have been formulated， such as Gandou decoction， Gandouling， and Gandou Fumu decoction， which have been widely used in clinical practice. TCM and western medicine have their own advantages and shortcomings. The integrated Chinese and western medicine complementing with each other demonstrates great therapeutic potential. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis and treatment of WD with integrated Chinese and western medicine， aiming to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Study on primary screening technique for children with autism spectrum disorder / 中华预防医学杂志

To explore screening tools for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which are convenient for primary hospitals, it can provide basic data for formulating ASD prevention policies. This was a cross-sectional study by cluster sampling. Huyi District and Xincheng District were extracted for investigation in Xi'an City. From July 2021 to September 2022, all children aged from 3 months to 36 months who live in the two districts were subjected to primary screening. The child care physician used the routine screening tool "warning signs checklist for screening psychological, behavioral and developmental problems of children" and cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism", the children who were positive in the initial screening were referred to the district level maternal and child health hospital for re-screening, and those who were positive in the re-screening were referred to Xi 'an Children's Hospital for diagnosis. The results showed that a total of 17 905 children aged from 3 months to 36 months were initially screened in the two districts, including 10 588 children aged from 18 months to 36 months, 50 children who were positive in the initial screening and 50 children who were re-screened. 23 children (18 boys and 5 girls) were diagnosed with ASD. The prevalence rate of ASD in children was 2.17‰ (95% confidence interval:1.29‰-3.06‰). 42 children were positive for "warning signs checklist" at the preliminary screening, and 19 were confirmed as ASD. 27 children were positive for "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening, and 23 were confirmed with ASD. The "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening and diagnosis of consistent rate was higher than the "warning signs checklist", two kinds of screening methods comparison were statistically significant difference in the odds of consistent (χ2=11.01, P=0.001). In conclusion, relying on the three-level network of maternal and child health care, it is conducive to the whole process management of screening and diagnosis of children with ASD, and to guide the formulation of prevention policies. The cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism" can assist the identification of children with ASD based on the "warning signs checklist", which is simple, effective and suitable for promotion in the community health care.

Study on primary screening technique for children with autism spectrum disorder / 中华预防医学杂志

To explore screening tools for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which are convenient for primary hospitals, it can provide basic data for formulating ASD prevention policies. This was a cross-sectional study by cluster sampling. Huyi District and Xincheng District were extracted for investigation in Xi'an City. From July 2021 to September 2022, all children aged from 3 months to 36 months who live in the two districts were subjected to primary screening. The child care physician used the routine screening tool "warning signs checklist for screening psychological, behavioral and developmental problems of children" and cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism", the children who were positive in the initial screening were referred to the district level maternal and child health hospital for re-screening, and those who were positive in the re-screening were referred to Xi 'an Children's Hospital for diagnosis. The results showed that a total of 17 905 children aged from 3 months to 36 months were initially screened in the two districts, including 10 588 children aged from 18 months to 36 months, 50 children who were positive in the initial screening and 50 children who were re-screened. 23 children (18 boys and 5 girls) were diagnosed with ASD. The prevalence rate of ASD in children was 2.17‰ (95% confidence interval:1.29‰-3.06‰). 42 children were positive for "warning signs checklist" at the preliminary screening, and 19 were confirmed as ASD. 27 children were positive for "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening, and 23 were confirmed with ASD. The "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening and diagnosis of consistent rate was higher than the "warning signs checklist", two kinds of screening methods comparison were statistically significant difference in the odds of consistent (χ2=11.01, P=0.001). In conclusion, relying on the three-level network of maternal and child health care, it is conducive to the whole process management of screening and diagnosis of children with ASD, and to guide the formulation of prevention policies. The cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism" can assist the identification of children with ASD based on the "warning signs checklist", which is simple, effective and suitable for promotion in the community health care.

Effects of microsurgical varicocelectomy on testicular function and sexual function in patients with varicocele / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of microsurgical varicocelectomy on testicular function and sexual function in patients with varicocele.Methods The clinical data of 90 patients with varicocele admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and the patients were divided into the laparoscopic group(received laparoscopic varicocelectomy)and the microscopic group(received microsurgical varicocelectomy)according to different surgical methods,with 45 cases in each group.The testicular function and sexual function related indexes including sperm density,normal sperm ratio,rate of sperm motility(grades a+b),forward motility sperm rate,international index of erectile function-5(IIEF-5)score,and the levels of testosterone,follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,and androgen levels before and 6 months after surgery in the two groups were compared.The incidence of complications and recurrence 6 months after surgery in the two groups were counted.Results Compared with those before surgery,the sperm density,forward motility sperm rate,rate of sperm motility(grades a+b),normal sperm ratio,IIEF-5 score,testosterone level,and androgen level 6 months after surgery of patients in the two groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the laparoscopic group,the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone,and incidence of complications 6 months after surgery of patients in the microscopic group were decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of testosterone and androgens,and IIEF-5 score 6 months after surgery were increased(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Microsurgical varicocelectomy can improve the testicular function and sexual function of patients with varicocele,with a low incidence of complications.

Research progress of NOD2-mediated signaling pathways and relationship with autoinflammatory diseases and its inhibitors / 药学学报

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing protein 2 (NOD2) is a member of intracellular pattern recognition receptor. After being activated, it will induce the release of inflammatory factors through a series of signal cascade transduction, thus playing an important role in the innate immune response. The abnormal NOD2 signaling pathway is involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases, especially the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NOD2 gene have been identified to be closely associated with autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). Therefore, inhibitors targeting NOD2 pathway have great potential in the treatment of inflammatory immune diseases. This review presents the recent progress of NOD2 receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways and its regulation mechanisms, the relationship between NOD2 and AIDs, and the inhibitors of NOD2 pathway.

Intervention Effect of Gandou Fumu Decoction on Renal Fibrosis in TX Mice Through JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of Gandou Fumu decoction （GDFMT） on renal fibrosis in a mouse model of Wilson's disease. MethodSixty adult male toxic milk （TX） mice were randomly divided into a model group， high-， medium-， and low-dose GDFMT groups， and a positive control （penicillamine） group， and another 12 wild-type mice were assigned to the normal group. The high-， medium-， and low-dose GDFMT groups were administered GDFMT at 13.92， 6.96， 3.48 g·kg-1， respectively， and the positive control group received penicillamine at 0.1 g·kg-1， while the model and normal groups were given an equal volume of 0.9% saline solution by gavage once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， creatinine （CRE）， type Ⅲ procollagen （PC-Ⅲ）， and type Ⅳ collagen （C-Ⅳ） in the serum. Histological changes in the mouse kidneys were examined by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson's trichrome staining. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the protein expression of leptin， Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）， and signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） in renal cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was performed to analyze the mRNA expression levels of leptin， leptin receptor（OB-R）， JAK2， and STAT. Western blot was used to detect the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model mice exhibited a significant increase in BUN， CRE， PC-Ⅲ， and C-Ⅳ levels （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high- and medium-dose GDFMT groups and the penicillamine groups showed significant decreases in these parameters （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with the high-dose GDFMT group demonstrating the most significant reduction （P<0.01）. The histological examination of renal tissue revealed fibrosis in the model group， while the fibrotic damage was mitigated to varying degrees after drug intervention， with improvement in fibrosis. Immunofluorescence results showed that leptin， JAK2， and STAT3 protein expression levels were significantly upregulated in the renal fibrosis of the model group. After GDFMT intervention， the fluorescence intensity decreased， with the high-dose GDFMT group showing the lowest intensity. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that leptin， OB-R， JAK2， and STAT3 mRNA expression levels were significantly elevated in the model group compared with those in the normal group， while the high- and medium-dose GDFMT groups and the penicillamine group showed significant reductions in their expression levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Western blot analysis revealed that TGF-β1 and MCP-1 expression levels were significantly increased in the model group （P<0.01）， and the high- and medium-dose GDFMT groups exhibited significant reductions in their expression levels （P<0.01）. ConclusionGDFMT can alleviate renal fibrosis damage in TX mice， and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of leptin and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

Research Progress on the Role of Akkermansia Muciniphila in Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus / 中国医学科学院学报

The correlation between intestinal flora and diseases has become a hot research topic in recent years.Since the incidence of diabetes is closely related to chronic low-grade inflammation and intestinal flora disorders,the intervention of intestinal flora imbalance has become a research focus in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.Akkermansia muciniphila(A.muciniphila) stands out among the intestinal flora as it can alleviate the diabetes-related symptoms by regulating glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) level,improving intestinal barrier function,and inhibiting chronic inflammation,which is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.The reduction in the abundance of A.muciniphila is a marker for the early diagnosis of diabetes.The available studies have demonstrated that the administration with A.muciniphila alone can significantly attenuate inflammation and other related symptoms of diabetic patients.Moreover,A.muciniphila has good safety and can be tolerated by human body.Therefore,A.muciniphila has the potential to serve as a new species of probiotics for the treatment of diabetes.The clinical measures for treating diabetes,such as metformin,Chinese herbal medicines,and functional diet,have been confirmed to be associated with the increased abundance of A.muciniphila.Among them,Chinese herbal medicines can treat diabetes via multiple targets and pathways in a systemic manner.Studies have reported that A.muciniphila is a potential target of Chinese herbal medicines intervening in diabetes.After the administration of Chinese herbal medicines,the improvement of diabetes-related indicators was positively correlated with the abundance of A.muciniphila.The above evidence provides a new idea for the research on the interaction between Chinese herbal medicines and intestinal flora in the treatment of diabetes.Therefore,this paper reviewed the role of A.muciniphila in diabetes and the correlation between the abundance of A.muciniphila and the administration of Chinese herbal medicines,aiming to provide new measures for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

Screening for scoliosis and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis among primary and middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control strategies of scoliosis in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#From September to December 2021, a total of 4 531 students from grade four of primary school to grade three of junior high school from 16 primary and middle schools in 4 districts of Shanghai were selected by multi stage stratified cluster sampling to carry out scoliosis screening and questionnaire survey. Independent sample t-test, Chi-squared test, Fisher s exact probability method and nonparametric Mann Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of scoliosis.@*Results@#The on the spot detection rate of scoliosis abnormality was 7.4% and the prevalence was 2.2%, mainly for thoracolumbar scoliosis (60.4%) and the scoliosis angle of 10° -<20°(88.1%). The results showed that the detection rate of scoliosis in boys was 1.6% and in girls was 3.3%, with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=11.84, P < 0.01). There were significant differences in weight and BMI between scoliosis students and students with negative initial screening( t = -3.77, -5.30, P <0.01). And there was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of scoliosis with different frequency of classroom seating arrangements ( Z =2.02, P <0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that the risk of scoliosis in girls was higher than that in boys ( OR =1.87, 95% CI =1.21-2.88). BMI ( OR =0.89, 95% CI =0.83-0.95) and frequency of classroom seating arrangements ( OR =0.49, 95% CI =0.25-0.93) were correlated with lower rate of scoliosis. After stratification by sex, the frequency of classroom seating arrangements ( OR =0.26, 95% CI =0.10-0.67) in boys and the educational stage ( OR =2.35, 95% CI =1.26-4.41) in girls ( P <0.05) was correlated with higher rate of scoliosis, while BMI ( OR =0.86, 95% CI =0.79-0.94) in girls were correlated with lower rate of scoliosis.@*Conclusion@#Regular screening of scoliosis is an effective method for early detection of scoliosis. Girls in junior high school and low BMI should be paid close attention to. According to the occurrence and influencing factors of scoliosis, comprehensive prevention and control based on family, school, society, and other aspects can be carried out.

Association between serum lysophosphatidylcholine level and elderly health index in older people from longevity areas of Guangxi Province / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) level and the health index of the elderly. Methods: A total of 251 subjects were selected from the 2016 baseline survey of the Yongfu Longevity Cohort in Guangxi Province among whom 66, 63 and 122 were in the young and middle-aged group (≤59 years old), the young group (60-89 years old) and the longevity group (≥90 years old), respectively. Demographic data were collected and related indicators of height, weight, blood pressure and lipid metabolism were measured. The cognitive and physical functions of the elderly were assessed by the results of the simple mental state scale and the daily living activity scale to construct the health index of the elderly. The serum levels of LPC16∶0, LPC18∶0, LPC18∶1 and LPC18∶2 were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the differences among different ages and health status groups were compared. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the serum LPC level and the health index of the elderly. Results: With the increase in age, the proportion of female subjects increased, and the rate of smoking and drinking decreased. BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C, diastolic blood pressure, and the four LPCs levels decreased with the increase of age, and systolic blood pressure levels increased with the increase of age (all P values<0.05). There was no significant difference in HDL-C levels among age groups (P>0.05). With the decline of health status in the elderly, serum levels of LPC16∶0, LPC18∶0, LPC18∶1 and LPC18∶2 showed a downward trend (all P values<0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, only LPC18∶0 was associated with the health status in old age [OR (95%CI): 0.48 (0.25-0.92)]. For every 1 standard deviation (16.87 nmol/L) increase in serum LPC18∶0 concentration, the risk of poor health status in old age decreased by 52%. Conclusion: Serum LPC18∶0 was associated with the health status in old age independent of age and sex.

Research progress on main disease-related factors of healthy life expectancy / 中华预防医学杂志

International research on healthy life expectancy (HALE) focuses on inequality of socioeconomic status and individual natural attributes. With the acceleration of population ageing and the increase in average life expectancy, the extension of unhealthy life expectancy and the increase of social and economic burden caused by diseases have gradually attracted the attention of countries around the world. Therefore, the evaluation of disease factors affecting HALE is a meaningful direction in the future. This study introduces the development process and commonly used measurement methods of HALE. According to the definition of health from the Global Burden of Disease Study and World Health Organization, physical and mental diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, malignant tumors and depression were selected to summarize the impact of these diseases and pre-disease states on HALE. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of relevant public health policies and the improvement of quality of life in China.

Research on applying genetic and environmental risk score in risk-adapted colorectal cancer screening / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a risk-adapted colorectal cancer screening strategy constructed utilizing genetic and environmental risk score (ERS). Methods: A polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed based on 20 previously published single nucleotide polymorphisms for colorectal cancer in East Asian populations, using 2 160 samples with MassARRAY test results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial of colorectal cancer screening in China. The ERS was calculated using the Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening Score system. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between PRS alone and PRS combined with ERS and colorectal neoplasms risk, respectively. We also designed a risk-adapted screening strategy based on PRS and ERS (high-risk participants undergo a single colonoscopy, low-risk participants undergo an annual fecal immunochemical test, and those with positive results undergo further diagnostic colonoscopy) and compared its effectiveness with the all-acceptance colonoscopy strategy. Results: The high PRS group had a 26% increased risk of colorectal neoplasms compared with the low PRS group (OR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.03-1.54, P=0.026). Participants with the highest PRS and ERS were 3.03 times more likely to develop advanced colorectal neoplasms than those with the lowest score (95%CI: 1.87-4.90, P<0.001). As the risk-adapted screening simulation reached the third round, the detection rate of the PRS combined with ERS strategy was not statistically different from the all-acceptance colonoscopy strategy (8.79% vs. 10.46%, P=0.075) and had a higher positive predictive value (14.11% vs. 10.46%, P<0.001) and lower number of colonoscopies per advanced neoplasms detected (7.1 vs. 9.6, P<0.001). Conclusion: The risk-adapted screening strategy combining PRS and ERS helps achieve population risk stratification and better effectiveness than the traditional colonoscopy-based screening strategy.

Advances in hepatitis E epidemiology / 中华肝脏病杂志

Hepatitis E is a viral hepatitis that the hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes. In the early 1980s, the hepatitis E virus was first discovered and identified, and it is one of the important pathogens that cause acute viral hepatitis globally. HEV infection is usually self-limiting, but in some groups of populations, such as pregnant women, patients with chronic liver disease, and the elderly, the prognosis is poor and may result in acute or subacute liver failure or even death. In addition, HEV infection can occur in chronically immunocompromised populations. At present, some regions and countries are not paying enough attention to hepatitis E prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, which suggests that we should study the epidemiology of HEV infection.

Effect of Liquiritigenin on Intestinal Flora in Ovariectomized APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of liquiritigenin （LG） on intestinal flora in menopausal APP/PS1 mice. MethodsA total of forty 3-month-old female APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into sham surgery group （n=20） and ovariectomy group （n=20）. Seven days after surgery， the ovariectomy group was randomly divided into ovariectomy control group （OVX， n=10）， ovariectomy + liquiritigenin treatment group （OVX + LG， n=10）， and the sham surgery group was randomly divided into liquiritigenin treatment group （LG， n=10） and reagent control group （Sham， n=10）， and ten C57BL/6J mice were taken as WT group. The dose of LG group and OVX + LG group was 30 mg•kg-1•d-1. After 90 days of drug treatment， fecal samples were gathered， genomes were extracted， and intestinal flora were analyzed by 16S rDNA Amplicon Sequencing. Morris water maze was performed to evaluate learning and memory abilities of mice. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the deposition of senile plaques （SP） in the brain of mice. ResultsThe results of water maze showed that LG significantly improved the learning memory ability of APP/PS1 mice with/without OVX （P<0.05）， and reduced the number of SPs in the brain of APP/PS1 mice with/without OVX， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.000 1）. 16s rDNA sequencing analysis of the relative abundance of gut microbiota proved that LG treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus （P<0.05） and reduced the relative abundance of harmful bacteria belong to Bacteroidetes （P<0.05） in APP/PS1 mice intestines with/without menopause. After LG treatment， the relative abundance of Allobaculun elevated in the intestines of APP/PS1 mice， while declined in the intestines of menopausal APP/PS1 mice， but the difference was not statistically significant. LEfSe analysis revealed the bacteria with the most differential abundance of the gut microbiota of WT mice were Firmicutes， Bacillus， and Lactobacillales （P<0.05）； Lactobacillus reuteri had a greater influence on the LG group （P<0.05）； Bacteroidia， Bacteroidales and Bacteroides gathered in the intestines of mice in the Sham group （P<0.05）. Firmicutes and Allobaculum were the dominant in the WT group （P<0.05）； Bacteroides， Bacteroidia and Bacteroidales were more abundant in the Sham group（P<0.05）； Bacterroidaceae and Bacteroides had the most differential abundances in the OVX group （P<0.05）； Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus were more abundant in the intestines in the OVX + LG group （P<0.05）. ConclusionLG could improve the ratio of beneficial and harmful bacteria in the intestines of APP/PS1 mice before and after menopause. Liquiritigenin treatment showed consistent variations in intestinal flora in APP/PS1 mice with or without ovariectomy. It is presumed that menopausal APP/PS1 mice have lipid metabolism disorders which requires further study.

Study on the effect of early mobilization in oral cancer patients who have undergone free flap reconstruction / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore an early mobilization plan for oral cancer patients after free flap reconstruction and evaluate the application effect of the plan.Methods:This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial. A total of 173 patients undergoing free flap reconstruction surgery from December 2018 to December 2021 in the second ward of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were selected. The patients were randomly divided into the control group (87 cases) and the intervention group (86 cases) by cluster randomized grouping. The control group received the routine nursing plan, that was, head immobilization for 4 days after surgery, and patients performed sat up and off-bed activity on the 5th day. The intervention group received the early mobilization plan, that was, patients sat up on the 2nd day after surgery and performed off-bed activity on the 3rd day. The incidence of vascular compromise, postoperative complications, sleep time in the first 5 days after surgery, catheter removal time, hospitalization duration and expenses were compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection, the daily sleep time in the first 5 days after surgery, the time for removing nasogastric tube, trachea cannula, and urinary catheter were 7.0%(6/86), (5.0 ± 1.0) h/d, (11.8 ± 7.3) d, (6.1 ± 3.2) d, (3.6 ± 0.6) d in the intervention group, and 13.8%(12/87), (4.4 ± 1.3) h/d, (14.2 ± 5.8) d, (7.3 ± 1.7) d, (4.0 ± 0.9) d in the control group, all differences were statistically significant ( χ2 = 3.89, t values were -3.57 - -2.44, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of rascular compromise, hospitalization duration and expenses between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:For patients undergoing free tissue flap reconstruction, it is safe to sit up on the 2nd day and get out of bed on the 3rd day, which can reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection, improve patient sleep, and shorten the indwelling time of nasogastric tube, trachea cannula and urinary catheter.

Application of artificial intelligence based on neural network radiation field in repair of soft tissue defects at lower limbs / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the application of artificial intelligence based on the neural network radiation field in repair of soft tissue defects at lower limbs.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed of the 23 patients who had been admitted to Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2020 to May 2022 for soft tissue defects at lower limbs. There were 14 males and 9 females, aged (38.6±6.7) years. Causes for soft tissue defects: traffic injury in 9 cases, benign or malignant primary soft tissue tumor in 6 cases, mechanical injury in 4 cases, crush injury in 2 cases, and chronic ulcer in 2 cases. Defect locations: the thigh in 3 cases, the lower leg in 7 cases, and the ankle and distal foot in 13 cases. The areas of soft tissue defect ranged from 6.0 cm×3.8 cm to 14.7 cm×12.8 cm. The defects were repaired and reconstructed by transplantation of an anterolateral femoral free flap in 7 cases and a pedicled flap in 16 cases with the assistance of artificial intelligence based on the neural network radiation field, a cutting-edge artificial intelligence algorithm that can quickly construct and process three-dimensional model images through volume rendering under the radiation field. The flap survival rate, aesthetic satisfaction before and after treatment, time for skin flap harvesting and transplantation, functional recovery of lower limbs and incidence of complications were recorded.Results:All the 23 patients were followed up for 32(28, 36) weeks. All the flaps were harvested smoothly and survived. The time for flap harvesting and transplantation was 65.8(50.0, 76.0) min. The aesthetic satisfaction scored (2.3±0.7) points before treatment and (8.4±1.6) points 4 weeks after treatment, showing a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The skin flaps healed well with no complications such as hematoma or infection in all but one patient who suffered from superficial necrosis at the distal skin flap due to venous crisis but healed with a scar. On average, the functional recovery of lower limbs scored 23.7(22.0, 25.0) points at 12 weeks after operation according to the Enneking evaluation system, and the functional recovery of lower limbs was 79% (23.7/30.0). Conclusion:Application of artificial intelligence based on the neural network radiation field can achieve ideal results in repair of soft tissue defects at lower limbs, due to its advantages of rapid and accurate surgical procedures, limited damage to the donor site, and a short learning curve.

Practice and thinking of designated hospital medical emergency support for the 19th Hangzhou Asian Games / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the construction and operation of the 19th Hangzhou Asian Games designated hospitals, and to discuss the medical emergency security work of large-scale sports events, so as to provide references for the planning of designated hospitals in future large-scale sports events.Methods:Retrospective analysis was made on the establishment principles, requirements, selection of medical support personnel, and training exercises of the designated hospitals, focusing on the key links such as organizational system, staffing, designated areas, and drug management.Results:Total of 40 designated hospitals have successfully completed the task of medical security by rebuilding the medical security area of the Asian Games, elevating the process, equipping facilities, and strengthening staff training. During the Asian Games, 349 people were transferred to designated hospitals by ambulance, 54 people were hospitalized, 19 people underwent surgery, and 1022 people went to designated hospitals by themselves.Conclusion:The construction of the designated hospitals during the 19th Hangzhou Asian Games was of high quality, efficient and smooth operation. It is suggested that efforts should be made in the reconstruction of the medical security area for the Asian Games to be "relatively independent". The treatment process of self-visiting patients should be fully considered and the flat urgent emergency response mechanism needs to be established.