Relationship between metabolites of peripheral tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway and clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a common severe mental disorder with complex pathogenesis. There are few studies on the correlation between kynurenine metabolites in peripheral serum and urine in schizophrenia. ObjectiveTo investigate the concentration of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in serum and urine in patients with schizophrenia， and their correlation with clinical symptoms， so as to explore potential biological characteristics related to schizophrenia. MethodsA total of 38 patients with schizophrenia who met the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）， and were hospitalized or attended outpatient clinic at Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were included in the study. Additionally， 26 healthy individuals were concurrently recruited from the community of Hangzhou to serve as a control group. All participants were requested to complete the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS）. The levels of tryptophan （TRP）， kynurenine （KYN）， kynurenic acid （KYNA）， quinolinic acid （QUIN）， picolinic acid （PIC）， xanthurenate and 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） in both serum and urine were measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Serum and urine IL-6 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between serum and urinary KYN metabolites， as well as the correlation between metabolite levels and clinical symptoms in the patient group. ResultsPatients with schizophrenia had significantly higher level of IL-6 in serum （U=798.500， P<0.01） and lower level of PIC in urine （U=253.000， P=0.013） compared with the control group. Additionally， level of serum KYN was positively correlated with QUIN/KYNA ratio and QUIN/PIC ratio （r=0.562， 0.438， P<0.05） in patients with schizophrenia. 5-HT/KYN ratio in serum was positively correlated with PANSS total score and negative symptom subscale score （r=0.458， 0.455， P<0.01） in patients with schizophrenia. ConclusionSerum TRP-KYN pathway metabolite levels in patients with schizophrenia were associated with neurotoxic metabolite ratios in urine and the severity of negative symptoms. ［Funded by Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Program Exploratory （number， 2022KY990）］

Fitting Degrees of Animal Models of Diarrhea-irritable Bowel Syndrome with Clinical Characteristics of Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diarrhea-irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） is one of the common functional bowel diseases in clinical practice. Since it pathogenesis is complex and has not been fully elucidated， effective treatment methods remains to be developed for this disease. Establishing the animal models of IBS-D in accordance with the clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and Western medicine helps to reveal the pathogenesis of this disease and improve the treatment plan. The fitting degree of an animal model with clinical characteristics is an indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of the animal model in simulating the disease characteristics of Western medicine and the syndromes of TCM based on the latest diagnostic standards. By reviewing the relevant articles about the animal models of IBS-D， we discovered that rats were the preferred animals for modeling， and the models were mainly induced by single factors， double factors， or the combination of multiple factors. The established animal models mainly present symptoms or signs associated with visceral hypersensitivity or/and gastrointestinal motility abnormalities. The single factor-induced rat models of IBS-D had high fitting degrees with the clinical characteristics of Western medicine but low fitting degrees with the TCM syndromes. The animal models induced by two or more factors had high but varied fitting degrees with the clinical characteristics of Western medicine. In addition， the animal models of IBS-D considering TCM syndromes mainly focuses on the syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency， and few models were established for the syndromes of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency， spleen-stomach dampness-heat， spleen deficiency and dampness excess， and cold and heat in complexity. Therefore， it is essential to improve the existing or develop new animal models of IBS-D in the future， so as to provide more tools for deciphering the mechanisms of TCM and Western medicine and developing treatment methods for this disease.

Research progress on effects of air pollution on pollinosis and its mechanisms / 环境与职业医学

Pollinosis is one of the common allergic diseases, and its morbidity continues to increase. Studies have demonstrated that air pollution is a key environmental factor that leads to the increased prevalence of pollinosis. Air pollutants and pollen allergens exert synergistic effects in stimulating allergic responses in susceptible individuals. In this article, we analyzed the relationship between air pollution and pollinosis based on the latest studies, and elaborated potential mechanisms on how air pollution increases the incidence of pollinosis and aggravates allergic reactions. Air pollutants can increase both pollen production and the levels of allergenic proteins, and enhance allergenicity of pollen allergens through structural alterations or chemical modifications. The potential mechanisms of air pollutants exacerbating pollen allergies are as follows: Air pollutants may disrupt the barrier function of the respiratory epithelium and facilitate the penetration of pollen allergens into deeper tissues. Additionally, they may accelerate the process of the release of pollen allergy-related cytokines, promoting T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation and exacerbating inflammatory responses in the airways. Given the limitations of existing research, future prospective studies are needed to explore the effects of mixed pollutants and different types of pollutants on pollen, and the response mechanisms of allergy-related cells and cytokines to different pollutant categories. The findings would provide a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of air pollution on pollen allergies and scientific evidence for effective protection of the heath of pollinosis patients.

Current situation of myopia among primary school students in Jinhua city and the intervention effect of knowledge, belief and practice / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the current situation of myopia in a primary school in Jinhua city and the intervention effect of knowledge, belief and practice.METHODS: From September to December 2022, a total of 1 482 primary school students who met the inclusion criteria were selected for myopia test and education intervention based on cluster sampling method. The questionnaire was designed based on relevant references. The main contents of the questionnaire include students' general information, low vision and knowledge, belief and practice before and after intervention and prevention of myopia.RESULTS: A total of 1 482 primary school students were investigated and tested, among which myopia was detected out of 657 students, with a myopia rate of 44.33%. Specifically, mild myopia accounted for 54.64%(359); moderate myopia accounted for 23.90%(157); severe myopia accounted for 21.46%(141). A total of 1 468 valid questionnaires were collected before intervention, and 1 457 valid questionnaires were collected after intervention. The overall knowledge rate of myopia prevention and control knowledge before intervention was 62.57%(7348/11744), and it was 81.20%(9465/11656)after intervention, with statistical significance before and after intervention was statistically significant(P&#x003C;0.001). The behavior attendance rate before intervention was 82.48%(9687/11744), and it was 93.73%(10925/11656)after intervention, with statistical significance comparison before and after intervention(P&#x003C;0.001).CONCLUSION: The results of this survey showed that the myopia situation of primary students in Jinhua city was not optimistic, and some students were not aware of prevention knowledge and correct behavior before intervention. After intervention, the knowledge, belief and practice of myopia prevention and control have achieved remarkable results.

Selection of chemical markers for identification of different species of Juniperri Caulis et Folium based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS metabonomics technology / 药学学报

In this study, untargeted metabolomics technology based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to analyze and identify the overall chemical components of Juniperri Caulis et Folium. Chemical markers for the identification of different Juniperri Caulis et Folium species were screened by integrated principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. A total of 58 chemical components were detected and 46 of them were identified, including 26 flavonoids, 8 organic acids and their derivatives, 4 phenylpropanoids, 3 terpenoids, and 5 other components. Among them, methylsyringin and ekersenin were identified for the first time. In the positive ion mode, 12 markers were screened, and in the negative ion mode, 13 markers were screened for species identification. In summary, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS metabonomics technology combined with chemometrics method can effectively reveal the chemical composition differences of different Juniperri Caulis et Folium species, and provide reference for its species identification and quality control.

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the quiescence of activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) by regulating M2 macrophage exosomal smooth muscle cell-associated protein 5 (SMAP-5) / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

An effective therapeutic regimen for hepatic fibrosis requires a deep understanding of the pathogenesis mechanism. Hepatic fibrosis is characterized by activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) with an excessive production of extracellular matrix. Although promoted activation of HSCs by M2 macrophages has been demonstrated, the molecular mechanism involved remains ambiguous. Herein, we propose that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) involved in macrophage polarization may regulate the communication between macrophages and HSCs by changing the functions of exosomes. We confirm that activating the VDR can inhibit the effect of M2 macrophages on HSC activation. The exosomes derived from M2 macrophages can promote HSC activation, while stimulating VDR alters the protein profiles and reverses their roles in M2 macrophage exosomes. Smooth muscle cell-associated protein 5 (SMAP-5) was found to be the key effector protein in promoting HSC activation by regulating autophagy flux. Building on these results, we show that a combined treatment of a VDR agonist and a macrophage-targeted exosomal secretion inhibitor achieves an excellent anti-hepatic fibrosis effect. In this study, we aim to elucidate the association between VDR and macrophages in HSC activation. The results contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis mechanism of hepatic fibrosis, and provide potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.

Principles for the rational use of national key monitoring drugs （the second batch） / 中国药房

In order to strengthen the supervision of the use of drugs in hospitals，the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences· Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital took the lead in compiling the Principles for the Rational Use of National Key Monitoring Drugs （the Second Batch） with a number of experts from multiple medical units in accordance with the Second Batch of National Key Monitoring Rational Drug Use List （hereinafter referred to as “the List”） issued by the National Health Commission. According to the method of the WHO Guidelines Development Manual， the writing team used the Delphi method to unify expert opinions by reading and summarizing the domestic and foreign literature evidence of related drugs， and applied the evaluation， formulation and evaluation method of recommendation grading （GRADE） to evaluate the quality of evidence formed， focusing on more than 30 drugs in the List about the evaluation of off-label indications of drugs， key points of rational drug use and key points of pharmaceutical monitoring. It aims to promote the scientific standardization and effective management of clinical medication， further improve the quality of medical services， reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions and drug abuse， promote rational drug use， and improve public health.

Rapid health technology assessment of baloxavir marboxil in the treatment of influenza / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness， safety and economy of baloxavir marboxil in the treatment of influenza， and to provide evidence-based reference for the introduction of new drugs in hospitals and clinical medication decisions. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， Cochrane Library， Epistemonikos， CBM， CNKI， VIP， Wanfang database， official websites and relevant databases of health technology assessment （HTA） institutions， the results of the included studies were descriptively analyzed after literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included， involving 6 systematic reviews/meta-analyses and 5 pharmacoeconomic studies. Compared with placebo， baloxavir marboxil significantly shortened the time to alleviation of symptoms （TTAS） and time to resolution of fever （TTRF）， reduced the virus titer change from baseline at 24 h and 48 h after treatment and the incidence of bronchitis， with statistical significance （P＜ 0.05）. Compared with neuraminidase inhibitors （NAIs）， there were no significant differences in shortening TTRF and reducing the incidence of complications， pneumonia and bronchitis （P＞0.05）. The majority of studies suggested that there were no significant differences in shortening TTAS （P＞0.05）. Only very low-quality literature suggested that baloxavir marboxil could significantly reduce the virus titer change from baseline at 24 h and 48 h after treatment. In terms of safety， the incidences of adverse events （AEs） and drug-related adverse events （DRAEs） induced by baloxavir marboxil showed no significant differences， compared with peramivir and zanamivir （P＞0.05）. Some studies considered that the incidences of AEs and DRAEs with baloxavir marboxil were lower than placebo， oseltamivir and laninamivir. Compared with oseltamivir in China and laninamivir in Japan， baloxavir marboxil showed cost-effectiveness advantages. CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo， baloxavir marboxil has good efficacy， safety and economy. Compared with NAIs （oseltamivir）， baloxavir marboxil has good economic advantages in China， but further high-quality studies are still needed regarding its safety and efficacy.

Distribution features of resident CD8 + T cells in human esophageal cancer tissues and its effects on the prognosis / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To explore the distribution features of resident CD8 + T cells infiltration in human esophageal cancer tissues and its clinical significance. Methods:Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas database were retrieved, the correlation between CD103 + CD8 + T cells and infiltration degree of conventional type 1 dendritic cell (cDC1), conventional type 2 dendritic cell (cDC2), type 3 dendritic cell(DC3) was investigated. From January 2006 to December 2008, 78 esophageal cancer tissues and 75 adjacent normal tissues from 78 esophageal cancer patients were collected by Shanghai Outdo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, the clinical data of patients was followed up by telephone until July 2015. The distribution of CD8 + T cells and CD103 + CD8 + T cells in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by multi-color labeling techniques and multispectral tissue imaging. The differences of the number and the ratio of CD8 + T cells and CD103 + CD8 + T cells in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were compared. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves of patients with tissue infiltration of CD8 + T cells and CD103 + CD8 + T cells at different levels were drawn through the R language " survminer" package, and the best cut-off value was obtained. TNM stage, pathological stage and other clinical parameters of patients with high and low infiltration of CD8 + T cells, CD103 + CD8 + T cells were compared. Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi-square test, log-rank test and Cox proportional risk regression model statistical analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the above indicators. Spearman correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. Results:In the cancer tissues of patients with esophageal cancer, the infiltration degree of CD103 + CD8 + T cells was positively correlated with the infiltration degree of cDC1 cells, cDC2 cells and DC3 cells ( r=0.67, 0.53 and 0.47, all P<0.001). The percentage of CD8 + T cells in all cells in the whole tissue core of tumor tissues (63.09% (42.14%, 76.21%)) was higher than that of adjacent normal tissues (2.56% (1.68%, 5.38%)), and the difference was statistically significant ( U=41.00, P<0.001). The proportion of CD103 + CD8 + T cells in all cells in the whole tissue core of tumor tissues (7.92% (1.60%, 20.61%)) was higher than that of adjacent normal tissues (0.04% (0.01%, 0.10%)), and the difference was statistically significant ( U=857.50, P<0.001). The percentage of high CD8 + T cells infiltration in esophageal cancer tissues of patients with pathological stage Ⅰ+ Ⅱ was lower than that of patients with stage Ⅲ+ Ⅳ (57.9%, 33/57 vs. 85.7%, 18/21); the percentage of high CD103 + CD8 + T cells in CD8 + T cells in esophageal cancer tissues of patients with TNM stage Ⅰ+ Ⅱ was lower than that of patients with stage Ⅲ+ Ⅳ (21.6%, 8/37 vs. 48.8%, 20/41), and the differences were both statistically significant ( χ2=5.25 and 6.23, P=0.022 and 0.013). The results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate Cox proportional risk regression model showed that the overall survival (OS) of patients with high CD8 + T cell infiltration was longer than that of patients with low CD8 + T cell infiltration ( HR=0.57, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.34 to 0.96, P=0.034). There was no significant difference in OS between patients with high CD103 + CD8 + T cell infiltration and patients with low CD103 + CD8 + T cell infiltration ( HR=0.66, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.08, P>0.05). Conclusion:The high infiltration of CD103 + CD8 + T cells in esophageal cancer tissues are expected to be used as a prognostic predictor for patients with esophageal cancer, which is an important component of anti-tumor immune response in tumor microenvironment of esophageal cancer.

The postoperative adjacent segment degeneration between the microscopically anterior cervical discectomy with fusion and anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and the influencing factors analysis of / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To compare the postoperative adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) between the microscopically anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion (ACCF) in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and its influencing factors.Methods:Fifty patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy treatment in the Qinzhou Second People′s Hospital from July 2018 to July 2020 were selected, they were divided into two groups, 25 patients performed ACDF (ACDF group), and 25 patients performed ACCF (ACCF group). The perioperative period, efficacy and incidence of ASD were compared between the two groups, and the influencing factors of ASD were analyzed.Results:The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, length of hospital stay and postoperative drainage in ACCF group were higher than those in ACDF group: (58.34 ± 8.61) ml vs. (46.77 ± 7.24) ml, (99.57 ± 10.72) min vs. (86.14 ± 9.64) min, (8.97 ± 1.43) d vs. (7.56 ± 1.24) d, (17.92 ± 2.95) ml vs. (14.28 ± 2.66) ml, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores in the two groups were improved significantly ( P<0.05), but the scores of JOA and NDI in the two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). The incidence of ASD in the two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). The Cox univariate analysis showed that age >59 years, intervertebral disc degeneration, number of fusion segments >2, osteoporosis and postoperative ASD were risk factors for ASD( P<0.05). Conclusions:The effect of microscopically ACDF is similar to that of ACCF in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, but ACDF has the advantages of less trauma and quick recovery. The risk of postoperative ASD should be vigilant for patients with age >59 years old, intervertebral disc degeneration, number of fusion segments >2 or osteoporosis.

Based on Delphi method improved early graded rehabilitation nursing model for postoperative children with congenital heart disease / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To improve the early graded rehabilitation nursing model suitable for postoperative children with congenital heart disease, providing reference for related research and clinical practice.Methods:Searched databases like JBI, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang Data and related websites for information on postoperative rehabilitation of children with congenital heart disease. We improved the first draft model with qualitative interview results and used Delphi method to conduct two rounds of consultation for 16 experts from 6 provinces and cities to further test the scientific and feasibility of the model.Results:The early graded rehabilitation nursing model for postoperative children with congenital heart disease includes 4 first-level items, 15 second-level items and 48 third-level items. The 4 first-level items are the evaluation of the early graded rehabilitation nursing model, the grading standard of the early graded rehabilitation nursing model, the implementation of the early graded rehabilitation nursing model, the effect evaluation and health education. Experts′ response rates were 100% in the 2 rounds, experts′ authority coefficient were 0.82 and 0.84 respectively, and the Kendall′ s W rank-order correlation coefficients of all levels of indicators were 0.188-0.246, 0.223-0.287 (all P<0.01). Conclusions:The improved early graded rehabilitation nursing model for postoperative children with congenital heart disease is scientific, pertinence and safe, which can provide guidance for clinical rehabilitation nursing practice.

Clinical study of warming needle moxibustion of Jiaji and TCM fumigation combined for acute inflammatory period of lumbar disc herniation / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of lumbar spine warming needle moxibustion of Jiaji and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) fumigation combined with conventional western medicine therapy on patients with acute inflammatory period of lumbar disc herniation (LDH).Methods:Randomized controlled trial. A total of 140 patients with acute inflammation of LDH in our hospital from December 2019 to December 2021 were selected as observational objects, and the patients meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups with 70 patients in each group by random number table method. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine therapy, and the observational group was treated with warming needle moxibustion of Jiaji combined with TCM fumigation on the basis of control group treatment. Both groups received continuous treatment for 1 month. TCM syndrome scores were performed before and after treatment, the degree of lumbar pain was assessed by VAS, the degree of lumbar dysfunction was assessed by Japanese Orthopaedic Association Evaluation Treatment (JOA score), and serum CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA.Results:The total effective rate was 95.71% (67/70) in the observation group and 82.86% (58/70) in the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=6.05, P=0.014). After treatment, TCM syndrome score [(4.45±1.09) vs. (10.67±2.82), t=16.85], VAS score [(1.54±0.43) vs. (3.28±1.04), t=12.94] lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01), subjective feeling [(7.54±2.87) vs. (6.24±1.76), t=5.72], physical signs [(6.76±2.00) vs. (4.34±1.67), t=7.77], limited daily activities [(9.56±3.27) vs. (7.89±2.97), t=3.16], bladder function score [(2.88±0.84) vs. (2.63±0.64), t=2.89] and the total score [(25.04±7.44) vs. (20.35±6.87), t=4.63] were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). After treatment, serum IL-6 [(18.12±4.23) μg/L vs. (26.46±4.58) μg/L, t=11.19], CRP [(18.87±6.07) mg/L vs. (25.89±5.72) mg/L, t=7.04] and TNF-α levels [(24.42±5.37) ng/L vs. (29.45±5.44) ng/L, t=5.51] were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The warming needle moxibustion of Jiaji and TCM fumigation combined with conventional western medicine therapy can improve the lumbar pain of LDH patients in acute inflammatory stage, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, improve clinical efficacy.

Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Inpatients in a Tertiary Hospital in Guangzhou During the Covid-19 Pandemic / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveAt the end of November 2022， Guangzhou implemented the latest Covid-19 epidemic prevention policy and began to gradually lift the lockdown. However， under the new epidemic prevention situation， the situation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients in China is still unclear. Accordingly， this paper aims to study the SARS-CoV-2 infection of hospitalized patients in Guangzhou under the new epidemic prevention and control situation. MethodsThe results of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests in our hospital from the end of November 2022 to the beginning of February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests in outpatients and inpatients under the new epidemic prevention situation， and the nosocomial infection of SARS-CoV-2 in inpatients were statistically analyzed. ResultsThis study retrospectively analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results of 13 959 patients， including 6 966 outpatients and 6 993 inpatients. On November 30， 2022， the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results of outpatients began to be positive， indicating that the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 infection had begun. On December 7， one case of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results of hospitalized patients was positive， and nosocomial infections began to break out. On December 15， the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test among patients exceeded 40 %， and the epidemic entered its peak period. After the end of December， the test positive rate gradually decreased， but the positive rate of inpatients was always higher than that of outpatients. Compared with December 2022， the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test of patients in many departments in January 2023 decreased， but the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test of inpatients in the oncology department increased significantly （P < 0.001）. Further analysis found that the nosocomial infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in inpatients was 86.57 % （329/380）. However， the nosocomial infection rate in lymphoma patients ［58.33 % （14/24）］ was significantly lower than that of the hospitalized patients with other disease types （P < 0.001）. ConclusionThe positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing among patients reached its peak in mid-December 2022. In January 2023， the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing gradually decreased， while the number or positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing positive patients in some departments increased. The nosocomial infection rate among hospitalized patients is as high as 90 %. There are differences in the nosocomial infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 among inpatients with different disease types. In summary， this study provides preliminary data on the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospitalized patients in Guangzhou， as well as the protection against infection among hospitalized patients and cross-infection between medical staffs and patients.

Analysis of Clinicopathological Features on Spread Through Air Spaces of Lung Adenocarcinoma / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#The biological and molecular characteristics of spread through air spaces (STAS), a newly recognized invasive mode of lung cancer, remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and molecular characteristics of STAS in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma.@*METHODS@#A total of 694 resected invasive non-mucinous lung adenocarcinomas diagnosed by clinicopathology from July 2019 to March 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were collected, and the relationship between STAS and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. The state of protein expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) was detected by immunohistochemical method. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was detected by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). ROS proto-oncogene 1-receptor (ROS1) was detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).@*RESULTS@#A total of 344 STAS positive cases and 350 STAS negative cases were collected. By univariate analysis, STAS positivity was statistically associated with tumor maximum diameter (P<0.001), pleural invasion (P<0.001), lymphovascular invasion (P<0.001), nerve invasion (P=0.013), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), clinical stage (P<0.001) and histological type (P<0.001). There was a statistical correlation between STAS and ALK protein expression (P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that STAS positive was correlated with pleural invasion (P=0.001), vascular invasion (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P=0.005)and ALK protein expression (P=0.032).@*CONCLUSIONS@#STAS is associated with highly aggressive biological behavior of lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting a poor prognosis.

Role of Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1 Family Members in the Tumorigenesis and Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1(EEF1) family members (EEF1D,EEF1A1,and EEF1A2) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) based on public databases.Methods We examined EEF1 member expression levels in human LUAD samples via The Cancer Genome Atlas in the UCSC Xena browser and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium.We analyzed the mRNA and protein levels of EEF1D,EEF1A1,and EEF1A2 and their correlations with pathological variables via the Mann-Whitney U test.The Kaplan-Meier curves were established to assess the prognostic values of EEF1D,EEF1A1,and EEF1A2.The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm was employed to explore the relationship between the expression levels of EEF1 members and tumor immune cell infiltration.Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between the expression levels of EEF1 members and those of the genes in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway.The immunohistochemical assay was employed to determine the expression levels of EEF1D,EEF1A1,and EEF1A2 in the LUAD tissue (n=75) and paracancer tissue (n=75) samples.Results The mRNA and protein levels of EEF1D,EEF1A1,and EEF1A2 showed significant differences between tumor and paracancer tissues (all P<0.001).The patients with high protein levels of EEF1A1 showed bad prognosis in terms of overall survival (P=0.039),and those with high protein levels of EEF1A2 showed good prognosis in terms of overall survival (P=0.012).The influence of the mRNA level of EEF1D on prognosis was associated with pathological characteristics.The expression levels of EEF1 members were significantly associated with the infiltration of various immune cells and the expression of key molecules in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway.Conclusion EEF1D,EEF1A1,and EEF1A2 are associated with the progression of LUAD,serving as the candidate prognostic markers for LUAD.

Development of a nature posture treatment suspension therapy based on ICF-CY / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo develop a rehabilitation program of nature posture treatment (NPT) suspension therapy based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth version (ICF-CY) framework, and apply it to neurodevelopmental disorders. MethodsThe ICF-CY theoretical group (group A) and NPT suspension therapy group (group B) were established. Group A searched literature from common databases, to extract high-frequency words related to suspension therapy and match with categories of ICF-CY, to develop ICF-CY theoretical framework of the NPT suspension therapy. Group B developed specific rehabilitation procedures and training items based on the framework to compose the training pool. A total of 110 children aged less than six years with neurodevelopmental disorders and associated motor impairments were selected from outpatient or inpatient of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, between October, 2019 and October, 2022. They were randomly divided into control group (n = 55) and clinical group (n = 55), who received routine neurodevelopmental therapy and NPT suspension therapy program based on ICF-CY, respectively, for a week. The incidence of satisfaction, acceptance and adverse events were observed. ResultsTwo cases in the control group and four cases in the clinical group dropped down. For the clinical group, the incidence of satisfaction was 98% (50/51), with acceptance of 96% (49/51), and one adverse event occurred. For the control group, the incidence of both the satisfaction and acceptance was 100%, and no adverse event occurred. There was no significant difference in the incidence of satisfaction, acceptance and the adverse event (P > 0.05). ConclusionThe NPT suspension therapy program based on the ICF-CY framework is safe and acceptable for children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Optical substrates for drug-metabolizing enzymes: Recent advances and future perspectives

Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), a diverse group of enzymes responsible for the metabolic elimination of drugs and other xenobiotics, have been recognized as the critical determinants to drug safety and efficacy. Deciphering and understanding the key roles of individual DMEs in drug metabolism and toxicity, as well as characterizing the interactions of central DMEs with xenobiotics require reliable, practical and highly specific tools for sensing the activities of these enzymes in biological systems. In the last few decades, the scientists have developed a variety of optical substrates for sensing human DMEs, parts of them have been successfully used for studying target enzyme(s) in tissue preparations and living systems. Herein, molecular design principals and recent advances in the development and applications of optical substrates for human DMEs have been reviewed systematically. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted. The presented information offers a group of practical approaches and imaging tools for sensing DMEs activities in complex biological systems, which strongly facilitates high-throughput screening the modulators of target DMEs and studies on drug/herb‒drug interactions, as well as promotes the fundamental researches for exploring the relevance of DMEs to human diseases and drug treatment outcomes.

Exploring the effects of artesunate and fuzheng huayu decoction on mitochondria in the treatment of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To compare the effects of artesunate (Art) and fuzheng huayu decoction on mitochondrial autophagy in the treatment of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis. Methods: Eighty C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into healthy control group, infection group, Art treatment group and Fuzheng Huayu Decoction treatment group, with 20 mice in each group. Mice in the infection group and treatment group were infected with 16 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. After 6 weeks, praziquantel (300 mg/kg) was used for 2 days to kill the worms. The Art treatment group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg/day, while the Fuzheng Huayu Decoction treatment group was fed 16g of fuzheng huayu decoction per 1kg per day. After 6 weeks, fresh liver tissues of the four groups were collected. Masson staining and Western blot were used to observe the succinate dehydrogenase subunit A (SDHA) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH2), citrate synthase (CS), ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), and target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) pathway involved in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle in liver tissues. The relative expression levels of adenylate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mitochondrial autophagy pathway kinase (PINK1) were detected. Liver tissue samples were extracted from each group to detect the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the significance and difference between two sets of samples. Results: Masson staining showed that the infection group mice had significantly higher liver fibrosis area than the healthy control group, while the Art treatment group and Fuzheng Huayu Decoction treatment group mice had lower liver fibrosis area than the infection group. Western blot analysis showed that the infection group (0.82 ± 0.05) had significantly lower relative expression of SDHA protein than the healthy control group (1.00 ± 0.05) (t = 11.23, P = 0.0035), while the Art treatment group (0.73 ± 0.05) had significantly higher relative expression of SDHA protein than the infection group (t = 10.79, P = 0.0073). However, there was no significant change in Fuzheng Huayu Decoction treatment group (0.98±0.05) (t = 1.925, P = 0.1266). The relative expression of p-AMPK protein was significantly higher in the infection group (1.15 ±0.05) than in the healthy control group (0.98 ± 0.07, t = 12.18, P = 0.0029), and the expression of p-AMPK in the Art treatment group (0.50 ± 0.05) was significantly lower than the infection group (t = 11.78, P = 0.0032). The relative protein expression of AMPK was significantly lower in the infection group (0.80 ± 0.05) than in the healthy control group (1.00 ± 0.05, t = 10.53, P = 0.0046). The expression of AMPK was significantly lower in the Art treatment group (0.54 ± 0.05) than in the infection group (T = 13.98, P = 0.0036). The relative expression of p-mTORC1 protein (0.93 ± 0.08) was not significantly different in the infection group than in the healthy control group (t = 2.28, P = 0.065), while the Art treatment group (0.63 ± 0.05) had significantly lower relative expression of p-mTORC1 protein than the infection group (t = 10.58, P = 0.029). The expression of p-mTORC1/ m-TORC1 was not significantly different in the infection group (0.98 ± 0.03) than in the healthy control group (0.97 ± 0.03, t = 0.98, P = 0.085), while the Art treatment group (0.63 ± 0.05) had significantly lower relative expression of p-mTORC1/ m-TORC1 than the infection group (t = 14.58, P = 0. 009). The relative protein expression of PINK1 was significantly lower in the infection group (0.55 ± 0.05) than in the healthy control group (1.00 ± 0.03, t = 13.49, P = 0.0011), while the Art treatment group (1.21 ± 0.05, t = 9.98, P = 0.0046) and Fuzheng Huayu Decoction treatment group (1.31 ±0.35, t = 6.98, P = 0.027) had significantly higher relative protein expression of PINK1 than the infection group. Mitochondrial function tests showed that after adding substrate complex II, the oxygen consumption of the infection group was lower than the healthy control group, while the Art treatment group and the Fuzheng Huayu Decoction treatment group had higher oxygen consumption than the infection group. The oxygen consumption was significantly lower after adding the substrate complex III in the infection group than the healthy control group, while the Art treatment group and Fuzheng Huayu Decoction treatment group had higher oxygen consumption than the infection group. Conclusion: Art can alleviate schistosomiasis liver fibrosis by inhibiting AMPK/mTORC1 signaling pathway activity and enhancing mitochondrial oxygen consumption, autophagy and SDHA expression.

Analysis of factors associated with short-term elevation of intraocular pressure after Conbercept intravitreal injection / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To investigate the factors associated with short-term elevation of intraocular pressure(IOP)after conbercept intravitreal injection. <p>METHODS:This study was a clinical prospective observational study. It enrolled in 269 eyes of 269 patients who were diagnosed retinopathy, and all patients receive conbercept intravitreal injection. Among them, 143 were males and 126 were females. There were 201 cases of age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)and 68 cases of other retinopathy patients. The mean age was 62.86±11.74 years. Non-contact pneumatic tonometer was used to measure the IOP of the patients before, 10, 30min, 2 and 4h after injection. The group was divided according to the IOP elevation 10min after injection. The IOP elevation 10 mmHg and above was defined as the IOP elevation group, and the IOP elevation less than 10 mmHg was defined as the IOP stable group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the differences between the two groups.<p>RESULTS:The average IOP of patients at 10, 30min, 2 and 4h after injection was 24.1, 20.2, 19.5 and 16.9 mmHg, respectively. The average IOP at each time point after injection was 6.7, 3.1, 1.7 and 0.5 mmHg higher than that before injection. Among them, 56 cases of increased IOP, 213 cases of stable IOP. There were no significant differences in age, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), gender, eye side and disease type between two groups(all <i>P</i>>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the number of injection(<i>Z</i>=-4.389, <i>P</i>=0.012), IOP before injection and IOP at each time point after injection(<i>t</i>=-5.343, -10.467, -8.933, -6.124, -4.635, all <i>P</i><0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline IOP was positively correlated with IOP increase 10min after injection(<i>B</i>=-0.913, <i>OR</i>=0.521, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.211-0.694, <i>P</i>=0.011).<p>CONCLUSION: The higher the baseline IOP, the higher risk of elevated IOP after injection. The factor associated with a short-term increase in IOP after intravitreal injection of conbercept was baseline IOP. The number of injection may be another risk factor.

Single center experience of transcatheter aortic valve replacement with a simplified operative protocol / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To summarize the single center experience of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with a simplified operative protocol. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR (TF-TAVR) from July 2020 to December 2020 in Fuwai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. We compared the baseline characteristic, procedure information, 30-day follow-up outcomes of the patients who underwent TF-TAVR without the simplified operative protocol (routine group) or with the simplified operative protocol (simplified protocol group). Results: 93 patients were collected, 42 patients belonging to routine group, 51 patients belonging to simplified protocol group. In simplified protocol group, there were 51 patients planned to use ultrasound-guided femoral access puncture, procedure was successful in all 51 patients (100%). There were 49 patients planned to use the radial artery as the secondary access, procedure was successful in 45 patients (92%). There were 48 patients planned to use the strategy of avoidance of urinary catheter, this strategy was achieved in 35 patients (73%). There were 12 patients planned to use the left ventricular guidewire to pace, procedure was successful in 11 patients (92%). There were no differences in baseline characteristics, major clinical endpoints and 30-day follow-up outcomes between the two groups. Meanwhile, the procedure time ((62.5±17.9)min vs. (78.3±16.7)min, P<0.001), operation room time ((133.7±25.1)min vs. (159.2±42.6)min, P<0.001), X-ray exposure time ((17.2±6.5)min vs. (20.2±7.7)min, P=0.027) were significantly shorten in simplified protocol group compared with the routine group. Conclusion: Our study results indicate that the simplified operative protocol of TF-TAVR is as effective and safe as the routine operative protocol, meanwhile using the simplified operative protocol can significantly increase the operative efficiency of TF-TAVR.