CD200/CD200R Expression Levels and Its Significance after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>CD200 and its receptor CD200R are both type-1 membrane glycoproteins, which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Besides the inhibitory effect on macrophages, CD200/CD200R also play an important role in regulating the regulatory T cells, allergicreaction, autoimmune diseases, allograft, neurological diseases and other autoimmune-related diseases, etc.</p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of CD200 and its receptor in the graft versus host disease (GVHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Experimental samples were divided into aGVHD group, non-aGVHD group, cGVHD group and non-cGVHD group, the healthy persons were used as normal controls. Firstly, the expression levels of CD200 and CD200R on CD19+ cell, CD3+ cell and dendritic cell (CD19- CD14- CD1c+) surfaces in each group were detected by using flow cytometry, so as to determine whether there were expression differences among each groups. Then, the mRNA levels of each groups were tested by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for finding the differences of mRNA expression level among each group. Finally, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patients and healthy controls were co-cultured with anti-CD200R1 antibody for 48 hours, and the interleukin-10 level in the co-culture system was tested by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for verifying the function of CD200/CD200R.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The CD200 expression level on CD19+ cell surface in the aGVHD group and non-aGVHD group was both lower than that in healthy control group; that in the non-aGVHD group was higher than that in the aGVHD group. The CD200 expression level on CD19+ CD200+ cells in the non-cGVHD group were higher than that in the cGVHD group and healthy control group. There were no significant differences of CD200 and CD200R expression levels on CD3 cells and dendritic cells among all groups. The CD200 mRNA expression levels in the aGVHD group and cGVHD group were both lower than the healthy control group. The CD200 mRNA expression level was lower in the aGVHD group than in the non-aGVHD group, and was lower in the cGVHD group than in the non-cGVHD group. There was no significant difference of the CD200R mRNA expression level among all groups. After the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patients and healthy controls were co-cultured with anti-CD200R1 antibody for 48 hours, the interleukin-10 concentration decreased with the increasing of anti-CD200R1 antibody concentrations in the co-culture system.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CD200/CD200R may play a role in the pathogenesis of GVHD after allo-HSCT.</p>

Influencing factors on the death of infants born to HIV infected mothers / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the influencing factors on the death of infants born to HIV infected mothers in areas with high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the follow-up cohort study targeting at HIV/AIDS infected pregnant women and their babies initiated in 2004, a survey on the death status and influencing factors on the infants born to HIV/AIDS infected mothers enrolled in this cohort from Jan.2004 to Nov.2007 was carried out during Aug.to Nov.2008 in seven counties of four provinces in China. A total of 498 pairs of HIV-infected mothers and their infants were enrolled and their related information was collected. Single factor and multiple factors Cox model methods were adopted for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total observed person-years of 498 infants was 406.22, among which, 45 infants died, and the mortality density was 110.78 per 1000 child-year. A single factor Cox model showed, the pregnancy in pre-period of HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS period (RR = 1.971, 95%CI: 1.143 - 3.396), living status of the pregnancy (RR = 3.062, 95%CI: 1.097 - 8.550), multipara women (RR = 0.517, 95%CI: 0.278 - 0.961), natural childbirth (RR = 0.561, 95%CI: 0.345 - 0.910), premature labor (RR = 5.302, 95%CI: 2.944 - 9.547), low birth weight (RR = 4.920, 95%CI: 2.691 - 8.994), mother-child pairs taking antiretroviral drugs (RR = 0.227, 95%CI: 0.121 - 0.428) and infants infected HIV (RR = 5.870, 95%CI: 3.232 - 10.660) could affect the infants death. The death of HIV-exposed infants was influenced by various factors. The death risk of infants born to HIV infected mothers who were in the danger of pre-period of HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS period was greater than the infants delivered by HIV infected mothers who were in preclinical period of HIV/AIDS (RR = 6.99, 95%CI: 1.92 - 25.64). The death risks were greater in the group that the women whose CD4(+)TLC count number lower than 200 cells/microl (RR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.01 - 4.15). The infants whose mothers had no ARV treatment had higher possibility to die than the others (RR = 6.17, 95%CI: 1.62 - 23.26). The death risk of premature delivered infants was 2.87 times of mature delivered infants (95%CI: 1.12 - 7.35). The death risk of HIV/AIDS infected infants was 9.87 times of the HIV/AIDS uninfected infants (95%CI: 3.81 - 25.62).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Some measurements including improving HIV-infected pregnant women's immunity, reducing mother to child transmission of HIV and premature birth, low birth weight are beneficial to reducing infant mortality.</p>

Analysis of clinical features and virological characteristics in patients infected with three different HBV subgenotypes / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics and the pattern of precore and core promoter mutations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) subgenotypes Ba, C1 and C2.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cohort of 151 patients with chronic HBV infection in Guangdong province of China was enrolled in this study. HBV subgenotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Precore and core promoter mutations were analysed using nucleotide sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 151 patients, 80, 51 and 20 were infected with subgenotypes Ba, C1 and C2 respectively. No significant differences were found in HBeAg positivity and liver functional indexes among these three subgenotypes when age and sex were matched. Virologically, HBV/Ba showed the highest frequency of A1896 mutation but the lowest frequency of T1762/A1764 mutation. HBV/C1 was associated with the highest tendency to develop T1762/A1764 mutation, but the lowest prevalence of A1896 mutation. HBV/C2 was associated with an intermediate tendency to develop A1896 and T1762/A1764 mutations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Different mutation patterns in precore and core promoter regions are responsible for HBeAg-negative HBV infections among different subgenotypes.</p>

Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotype B subgenotype in China / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype B subgenotype in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cohort of 511 patients with chronic HBV genotype B infection, collected from 7 centers across China, were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) or nucleotide sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the 511 patients, only subgenotype Ba was identified and subgenotype Bj was not found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In China, subgenotype Ba was the most prevalent HBV strains, while subgenotype Bj was very rarely found.</p>

Relationship between hepatitis B virus genotypes and liver fibrosis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and liver fibrosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was employed to determine HBV genotypes in 298 HBV-related liver disease patients, including 73 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 53 with liver cirrhosis, 91 with chronic hepatitis B and 82 asymptomatic HBV carriers to analyze the relationship of HBV genotypes with serum fibrous indices and serum albumin and globulin (A/G) ratio.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>B and C genotypes were dominant in patients with HBV-related hepatic diseases in Guangdong province. The levels of serum fibrous indices were significantly higher in patients with genotype C than in those with genotype B, and the former patients also had lower A/G ratio.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with HBV genotype C may sustain more serious liver injury.</p>