Psychoactive substance abuse and associated factors among middle school students in Liaoning / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate psychoactive substance abuse and associated factors among middle school students in Liaoning, and to provide policy suggestions and reference opinions for relevant departments.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among 12 598 middle school students in 10 cities of Liaoning by multi stage stratified cluster sampling. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze associated factors of psychoactive substance abuse.@*Results@#About 0.94% ( n =118) of all participants reported substance abuse behavior, the highest abuse rate was in the third grade students in vocational middle school, the most common psychoactive substance was “laughing balloon”, accounting for 0.57%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that girls, moderate academic burden were generally negatively associated with more psychoactive substance use( OR = 0.57 , 0.58, P <0.05). Academic performance class was ranked in the last ten, monthly pocket money more than 500 yuan and sleep with medication were generally positively associated with more psychoactive substance use ( OR =1.93, 2.52, 4.29, P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#The problem of psychoactive substance abuse among middle school students can not be ignored. Effective prevention and control of psychoactive substance abuse can be achieved through publicity, education, awareness raising, early intervention, counseling and treatment, and through coordination of adolescents, families, schools, government and the society.

Risk factors for cerebral infarction in patients with capsular warning syndrome / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of cerebral infarction in patients with capsular warning syndrome (CWS). Methods Consecutive patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) meeting the CWS clinical manifestations were col ected retrospectively. They were divided into either a cerebral infarction group or a non-cerebral infarction group according to the brain diffusion weighted imaging findings. The independent risk factors for patients with CWS were identified through the comparison of demographic and baseline clinical data. Results A total of 39 patients were enrol ed, including 25 males (64. 1%) and 14 females (35. 9%), and their mean age was 58. 9 ± 10. 3 years. There were 21 patients in the cerebral infarction group and 18 in the non-cerebral infarction group. Compared with the non-cerebral infarction group, the age of patients in the cerebral infarction group was older (62. 5 ± 9. 3 years vs. 54. 8 ± 10. 2 years;t=2. 470, P=0. 018). The constituent ratio of the patients with a history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack was higher (33. 3% vs. 5. 6%; P=0. 049), the fasting blood glucose level was higher (8. 2 ± 3. 2 mmol/L vs. 6. 0 ± 1. 3 mmol/L; t=2. 748, P=0. 009), and ABCD2 score was higher (5. 2 ± 1. 1 vs. 3. 5 ± 1. 1;t=4. 734, P<0. 001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the ABCD2 score was an independent risk factor for cerebral infarction in patients with CWS (odds ratio, 4. 529, 95% confidence interval 1. 233-16. 627;P=0. 023). Conclusions The higher ABCD2 score was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of cerebral infarction in patients with CWS. It can be used as an evaluation tool for predicting the risk of cerebral infarction in patients with CWS.

CT imaging features of abdominal splenosis after splenectomy / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the incidence and CT imaging features of abdominal splenosis with a previous splenectomy.Methods 94 consecutive patients with a history of splenectomy underwent abdominal contrast CT examination between April 2010 and December 2012 and were recruited for this study.These patients were devided into two groups according to the reason for which splenectomy was performed.Descriptive statistics were calculated for clinical incidence of abdominal splenosis,and subsequently CT imaging features and diagnosis of abdominal splenosis were discussed.Results In this series,29 cases (30.85％) with abdominal splenosis were found in 94 patients.Abdominal splenosis was found in all of 20 cases with more than one year history of posttraumatic splenectomy,and in 17.31％ (9 of 52) of cases with more than one year history of non-traumatic splenectomy (P ＜ 0.05).There were 60 nodules found on CT examinations in these 29 cases.All nodules were 50 mm or smaller.All nodules appeared of homogeneous soft-tissue density on plain CT scan.The nodules showed significant enhancement during arterial phase on postcontrast CT scan,with continuous significant homogeneous enhancement during portal venous phase.Conclusions Abdominal splenosis following posttraumatic splenectomy are more common than previously suggested.Knowledge of typical CT imaging appearances and the history of splenectomy may prevent mistaking as tumors.

Analysis of factors associated with incision infection in elderly general surgery patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To explore factors associated with incision infection in elderly patients undergoing general surgery and thus provide a basis for its clinical prevention.Methods Retrospective clinical data of 2985 elderly patients who underwent routine surgical operation after admission to the Department of General Surgery from Feb.2009 to Dec.2013 were analyzed.Patients with incision infection following surgery were assigned into the infection group,while patients without incision infection served as the control group.Single factor analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify factors responsible for incision infection.Results There were 91 cases with incision infection,constituting a rate of 3.0％.Compared with the control group,patients in the infection group showed an older average age [(67.3±5.8) years vs.(63.0± 5.6) years,t=1.906,P＜0.05],a longer average operating time [(2.13±0.26) hours vs.(1.87±0.24) hours,t=10.149,P＜0.001],and a longer average incision length [(8.14±2.62) cm vs.(7.59±2.14) cm,t=2.396,P＜0.01].In addition,compared with the control group,more patients in the infection group received prophylactic antibiotics (74.7％ vs.83.3％,x2 =4.819,P=0.032),exhibited malnutrition (20.9％ vs.10.0％,x2 =11.418,P=0.001),and had diabetes mellitus (11.0％ vs.5.1％,x2 =5.968,P=0.015).Therefore,independent risk factors for incision infection included age (OR=1.89),operating time (OR=3.32),nutritional status (OR=2.08) and diabetes mellitus (OR=3.18).Conclusions A few risk factors may contribute to incision infection.Clinicians should take necessary preventive measures accordingly to minimize its occurrence.

Renin gene polymorphisms and hypertension / 国际脑血管病杂志

With the constant deepening of the study in the genetic factors of eardio-cerebrovascular diseases, the relation between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) gene polymorphisms and hypertension is increasingly receiving attention. As an important component of RAS, renin has received much concern in the genetic research of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and its gene polymorphisrns have become the candidate genes of hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke, etc.

Analysis on Pathogens and Their Drug Resistance of Tuberculosis Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To understand the pathogens spectrum of tuberculosis patients with lower respiratory tract infection in hospital and the drug resistance,so as to provide guidance of rational drug use.METHODS 576 pathogens isolated from the sputum samples of TB patients with lower respiratory tract infection in hospital from 2005 to 2007 and the drug resistance were analyzed.ESBLs test was conducted on the Gram-negative bacill.RESULTS Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 73.6 percent.The first six ones were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa(19.4%),Acinetobacter baumannii(12.0%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(11.1%),E.coli(9.9%),Staphylococcus aureus(9.2%),Candida albicans(8.2%).They were highly sensitive to impinem,Cefoperazone-sulbactam.The drug resistance rates of ESBLs produceing P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii were respectively 2.7%-30.3% and 8.7%-30.4%.The resistance of MRSA to B-lactamase,Fluoroquinolone and Aminoglycoside was 64.7%-100.0%.ESBLs produceing E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains accounted for 52.6% and 45.3%.CONCLUSIONS Lower respiratory tract infection of tuberculosis patients was mainly caused by Gram-negative bacilli,most of which was portunistic pathogens.The pathogens resistance to antibiotics are increasing E.coli and K.pneumoniae produce a higher proportion of EBSLs.To delay the formation of pathogen resistance and control the hospital infection,it is important to enhance drug monitoring and rational use of antibiotics.

Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Causing Lung Infection in Elderly Patients and Its Clinical Analysis / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical features of Acinetobacter baumannii lung infection and drug resistance situation.METHODS An analysis was conducted on clinical features and risk factors of 79 cases of A.baumannii lung infection in elderly patients from Jan 2005 to Jun 2008.Drug resistance of A.baumannii to 12 kinds of antimicrobial drugs such as ciprofloxacin,ceftazidime,ceftriaxone,imipenem and amikacin was tested.RESULTS An onset of A.baumannii infections in the lungs of elderly patients usually appeared during the critical period of some underlying diseases.More clinical manifestations as fever,lung and wet La-hypoxemia existed.Accepting antibiotic therapy,pulmonary diseases,mechanical ventilation,ICU wards,etc were the risk factors.There was a high mortality rate with multi-drug resistant(MDR) A.baumannii.Bacterial resistance to cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam was lower while its resistance to other antibiotics was higher.The detection rate of MDR was 37.97%.CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients with A.baumannii infection have a high incidence of lung infection,but lacking characteristic clinical signs and symptoms.There is an increasing trend in the detection rate of MDR.It is of great significance to reduce the incidence rate of A.baumannii lung infection and prevent the spread of multi-drug resistant strains by strengthening the monitoring of pathogens and their resistance and choosing antibiotics according to susceptibility testing.