HPV vaccination in China based on website platform information / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the online public Q&A texts on HPV vaccine， focus on the important issues related to HPV vaccination and cervical cancer prevention in China， and propose strategies and suggestions. MethodsThe latent Dirichlet allocation （LDA） topic model was employed to extract key topics of 15 565 Q&A texts related to HPV vaccines from the social Q&A platform "Zhihu". The Baidu AI sentiment analysis tool was used to analyze the emotional tendencies of the texts corresponding to each topic， and the topics were classified based on the strategic coordinate method. ResultsOnline users focused on eight topics about HPV vaccine information. Among them， vaccination knowledge， HPV vaccination hesitation， and HPV vaccine development and marketing belonged to the low positivity-high negativity emotional topics， HPV infection and high-risk factors belonged to the low positivity-low negativity emotional topics， and HPV vaccine appointment channels， comparison between domestic and imported vaccines， HPV vaccines and cervical cancer prevention， and HPV vaccine types and selection were grouped under high positivity-low negativity emotional topics. ConclusionPublic concerns regarding HPV vaccines can be classified into three major dimensions： health knowledge， health beliefs， and health behaviors. Overall， the public's views and attitudes towards vaccine-related issues are not optimistic. Strengthening science publicity and education， enhancing vaccine supervision， and encouraging enterprises’ innovative research and development capability are effective strategies to improve public awareness of cervical cancer prevention and accelerate the full HPV vaccination coverage.

Characterization of intestinal microflora in WHBE rabbit and Japanese white rabbit models of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To compare the differences in the intestinal microflora of WHBE rabbit and JW rabbit models of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). Methods 16 WHBE rabbits and 16 JW rabbits were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group and IBS model group, respectively(n=8). The diarrhea-predominant IBS model was established by wet-heat stress combined with intragastric gavage of senna decoction. The abdominal circumference index,water content of feces and colonic transit function were observed. After sacrifice,colon tissue samples were taken for histopathological examination and colon contents for intestinal flora diversity analysis. Results Compared with the NC group,the IBS model rabbits showed an increased abdominal circumference index and fecal water content,and a shortened colon transit time, but no obvious pathological changes were observed in the colon tissues. Meanwhile, the Shannon index and Chao1 index of IBS model rabbits were significantly decreased(P<0.05). According to the result of OTU classification analysis,Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant bacteria in the intestinal microflora of rabbits. Compared with the NC group, the Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, Akkermansia, and Streptococcus in the WHBE rabbit IBS model group were significantly reduced(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while Bacteroidetes and rc4-4 significantly increased(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). However, in the JW rabbit IBS model group, Eubacterium and Subdoligranulum were significantly increased(P< 0.05),while Lactobacillus,Coprobacter,Veillonella and Streptococcus were markedly decreased(P<0.05). Compared with the JW rabbit NC group,the abundance of Firmicutes,Odoribacter, Veillonella,Streptococcus,Oscillospira and Pseudoflavonifractor were significantly decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01), but Bacteroidetes,Verrucomicrobia,Eubacterium,Akkermansia and Coprobacter were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01)in the WHBE rabbit NC group. Compared with the JW rabbit IBS model group, the abundance of rc4-4, Bacteroidetes,Coprobacter and Clostridium were significantly higher(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while the Firmicutes, Dorea, Coprococcus and Subdoligranulum were significantly lower(P <0.05)in the WHBE rabbit IBS model group. Conclusions There is an intestinal microflora imbalance in rabbits with IBS, resulting in a decrease of microflora diversity. The changes of intestinal microflora in the WHBE rabbits and JW rabbits with IBS have their own characteristics, and have apparent differences.

Effects of androgen deficiency on visceral fat accumulation and inflammatory gene expression in miniature pigs fed a high-fat diet / 中国实验动物学报

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effect of androgen deficiency on serum hormone levels, visceral fat accumulation and inflammatory gene expression in miniature pigs fed a high-fat diet ( HFD) . Methods Sexually mature male Chinese Wuzhishan miniature pigs were divided into three groups ( animals/group) as follows:intact male pigs ( SHAM) , castrated male pigs ( CAS) and castrated male pigs plus testosterone treatment ( CAS+T) . The pigs were fed a HFD diet for 12 weeks. Serum levels of testosterone and leptin were measured and visceral fat were dissected and weighted. qRT?PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression levels of lipogenic, lipolysis and inflammation relat?ed genes. Results (1) Serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased but serum leptin levels were significantly in?creased in the castrated pigs. These effects were recovered after testosterone treatment. ( 2 ) Visceral fat percentage was significantly increased in the castrated pigs, and testosterone treatment reduced the increased visceral fat in the castrated pigs. (3) Castration and testosterone treatment had no significant effects on the expression levels of lipogenic genes (FAS and ACC) and lipolysis genes (HSL and ATGL) in pigs fed a HFD. (5) Castration significantly induced the expressions of inflammatory genes including Leptin, CD68, CCL16, CCL23 and SAA, and testosterone treatment recovered the expres?sions of the above genes in the castrated pigs. Conclusions Castration?induced testosterone deficiency promotes visceral fat accumulation and upregulates the expression levels of inflammatory genes in miniature pigs fed a HFD. Moreover, tes?tosterone treatment ameliorates castration?induced visceral fat accumulation and inflammatory response in HFD?fed pigs.

Establishment of a Wuzhishan minipig model of atherosclerosis induced by high fat/cholesterol diet and regulation of Lp-PLA2 expression / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To establish a Wuzhishan minipig model of atherosclerosis(AS) induced by high fat/cholesterol diet,and observe the changes of expression of lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) in plasma and plaques.Methods 10 Wuzhishan minipigs were randomly divided into 2 groups:The normal control(Ctr,n=4) group was fed with normal diet,and AS model(n=6) group fed with high fat/cholesterol diet for 24 weeks.After the modeling for 24 weeks,the changes of total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein(HDL-C),triglyceride(TG),C-reactive protein(CRP),Lp-PLA2 activity and composition were detected.The changes of vascular lipid deposition and plaques were assessed by pathology using oil red O staining and HE staining,respectively,and immunohistochemical staining for IL-6 protein expression.Moreover,the expression of Lp-PLA2 mRNA determined by RT-PCR and protein by Western blot were observed in the abdominal aortic tissues.Results Compared with the control group,the body weight,body mass index(BMI),TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,CRP,Lp-PLA2 activity and composition and aortic lipid deposition were significantly increased,and AS plaque formation was observed in the AS model group(P<0.05,P<0.01).The expression of Lp-PLA2mRNA and protein and IL-6 protein in abdominal aortic tissues were also significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusions Long-term high fat/cholesterol diet feeding for 24 weeks can induce atherosclerosis in Wuzhishan minipigs,and Lp-PLA2 plays a key role in the vascular inflammation and plaque formation.

Establishment of chronic myocardial ischemia model in minipigs and application of noninvasive telemetry technique / 中国比较医学杂志

In order to establish the minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia and apply non-invasive telemetry technique, the minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia was made induced by Vitamin D3, isoproterenol and combined with high fat diet, and the non-invasive telemetry technique was used to detect and evaluate the symptoms of minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia.Moreover, the effects of transport stress and the risk factors of atherosclerosis (AS) induced by high fat diet among Wuzhishan minipigs, Bama minipigs and Tibetan minipigs were also evaluated.Our study has successful established the Bama minipig model of chronic myocardial ischemia and the technical specification for evaluation,.The non-invasive telemetry technique can be used to detect and evaluate the symptoms of chronic myocardial ischemia model, and defines minipigs at least need to keep for more than 4 weeks after transport stress to adaptive recovery period.In addition, the different characteristics of AS risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperinsulinemia were observed in Wuzhishan minipigs, Bama minipigs and Tibetan minipigs in high fat environment, and this provides a reference for the selection and application of minipigs in the research of cardiovascular diseases.

Baicalein induces autophagy in breast cancer cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the autophagy of breast cancer cells induced by baicalein and to explore its mechanism.METHODS: The effects of baicalein on the viability of MCF-7 cells and 4T1 cells were investigated by MTT assay, and the dosage of the drug was determined.The expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and LC3-I in the MCF-7 cells and 4T1 cells treated with baicalein at doses of 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L, or combined with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were determined by Western blot.In order to confirm the role of baicalein in autophagy, the effect of 3-MA on the apoptosis of both MCF-7 cells and 4T1 cells induced by baicalein was analyzed by flow cytometry.The protein levels of p-mTOR, mTOR, p-AKT and AKT were examined by Western blot and the role of AKT-mTOR pathway in the induction of autophagy in breast cancer induced by baicalein was determined by the combination of activators.RESULTS: Baicalein at 50 μmol/L and above doses significantly inhibited the viability of breast cancer cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The expression of LC3-II/LC3-I in both MCF-7 cells and 4T1 cells was significantly enhanced after the action of baicalein, and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was significantly decreased after 3-MA addition.The results of flow cytometry showed that, compared with baicalein group, the combination of baicalein and 3-MA promoted the levels of necrosis and apoptosis.Moreover, the protein levels of p-mTOR and p-AKT were significantly decreased and were rescued by EGF, while their total protein levels were not changed.CONCLUSION: Baicalein induces autophagy through AKT-mTOR pathway both in MCF-7 cells and 4T1 cells.

"Changes of the mRNA expression of ""kidney yang deficiency""-related genes and ultrastructural observation of the hypothalamus in Lewis rats" / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To observe the changes of mRNA expression related to kidney yang deficiency and the ul-trastructure of hypothalamus in Lewis rats, and further study the constitution of kidney yang deficiency in Lewis rats.Meth-ods Ten 7-8-week old SPF male Lewis rats and twenty 7-8-week old SPF male Wistar rats were used in this study.The rats received subcutaneous injection of hydrocortisone to establish kidney yang deficiency model.The expressions of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, CRH, MR and GR mRNA in the hypothalamus of the two groups were detected and the ultrastructural changes of hypothalamus and adrenal gland were observed to compare the differences between the two groups, and to ex-plore the mechanism of kidney yang deficiency constitution in the Lewis rats.Results Compared with the normal Wistar rats, the expressions of GR and IL-2 mRNA in the hypothalamus were significantly increased ( P<0.01 ) , while the ex-pressions of CRH, TNF-α, IFN-γand IL-10 mRNA were significantly decreased in the Lewis rats (P<0.01).The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex was slightly thinner, the mitochondria were slightly swollen and the amount of mitochondria was decreased.The nuclei of hypothalamic neurons were larger, and the mitochondria, neuron synapses and secretory vesi-cles in the presynaptic neurons were decreased.Conclusions There are abnormal expression of immune-related cytokines and CRH mRNA, and ultrastructural changes in the hypothalamus and adrenal gland of Lewis rats with kidney yang defi-ciency.Such changes may be related to the functional imbalance of the hypothalamus-pituitury-adrenal axis.

Establishment of a rat model of chronic heart failure by transverse aortic constriction and observation of its pathological process / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To observe the pathological changes of heart failure caused by transverse aortic constriction in rats.Methods Partial thoracotomy was performed to the second rib and the transverse aortic constriction was performed between the innominate and left carotid arteries to establish a model of heart failure in 24 rats.The same operation was performed on another 8 rats, except for the ligation of the transverse aorta.Echocardiographic assessment, hemodynamic measurement, myocardial histopathological examination and NT-proBNP measurement were performed to the sham group at 12 weeks and model group at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks after the operation.Result At 4 weeks after the operation, NT-proBNP, EF, FS and -dp/dtmax of the model group was significantly increased and LVESV, +dp/dtmax of the model group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).At 8 weeks after the operation, EF and-dp/dtmax of the model group were increased and +dp/dtmax of the model group was significantly decreased (P<0.05).At 12 weeks after the operation, NT-proBNP, EF and +dp/dtmax of the model group were decreased, and LVESV, LVEDV and -dp/dtmax of the model group were increased (P<0.05).The cardiomyocytes became hypertrophic and lined up in disorder at 4 weeks after the operation.Pathologic examination of the myocardial tissue showed connective tissue proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration at 8 weeks after the operation, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and collagen fiber deposition at 12 weeks after the operation.Conclusions Transverse aortic constriction induces heart failure in rats.The pathological processes are compensatory hypertrophy at 4 weeks after the operation, initial reaction of decompensation at 8 weeks after the operation, and heart failure at 12 weeks after the operation.

Kidney yang deficiency constitution and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in Lewis rats / 中国比较医学杂志

ObjectiveToinvestigatethekidneyyangdeficiencyconstitutionandhypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal ( HPA) axis dysfunction in Lewis rats .Method Two kidney yang deficiency models were established by subcutaneous injection of hydrocortisone and by adrenalectomy to induce hypothalamic -pituitary-adrenal ( HPA) axis dysfunction in Lewis rats.Wistar rats were used as control and compared with the two types of Lewis rat models of kidney yang deficiency .The degree of kidney yang deficiency of the Lewis rats was evaluated by examination and detection of the general signs , behavior , and neuroendocrine function , and so on .Result Compared with the normal Wistar rats , the body weight of Lewis rats was significantly higher than that of Wistar rats at the same age .The body temperature , urine volume and grip strength were significantly lower than those of Wistar rats ( P<0.01 for all ) .The memory ability of the Lewis rats was slightly decreased.The liver, kidney and adrenal indexes were significantly decreased in the Lewis rats (P<0.01).The levels of serum ACTH, CRH, cGMP, Cort and urine 17OHCS were significantly decreased (P<0.01).Conclusion A very slight deficiency of adrenal cortex function of Lewis rats is caused by genetic inheritance , and Lewis rats have the constitution of congenital kidney yang deficiency ( criticality or prophase of kidney yang deficiency ) .

Effects of testosterone deficiency on serum lipid levels and hepatic lipid accumulation in miniature pigs fed a high-fat diet / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effect of testosterone deficiency on serum lipid levels and hepatic lipid accumulation in miniature pigs fed a high-fat diet (HFD).Methods Eighteen sexually mature male Chinese Wuzhishan miniature pigs (6~7 months old) were used in this study.The pigs were divided in three groups ( n =6 animals/group ) as follows: intact male pigs , castrated male pigs and castrated male pigs with testosterone replacement .They were fed a HFD diet for 12 weeks and body weights were recorded weekly .Serum levels of testosterone , total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were measured.Hepatic TG and TC levels were also determined , and liver tissues were embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E).Results (1) The body weights of pigs in each group were found to be linearly elevated over time .Though castrated pigs gained less weight than did pigs in the other groups , no significant differences were found between them .( 2 ) Castration caused a significant decrease in serum testosterone levels in pigs . This effect was recovered by testosterone treatment .(3) Serum levels of TC, LDL-C and TG were significantly increased in castrated pigs.However, castration had no significant effect on serum HDL-C levels.Testosterone treatment reduced the increased serum lipids in castrated pigs .(4) Hepatic TG and TC contents in castrated pigs were also significantly higher than those in other groups of pigs .Testosterone treatment reduced the increased hepatic lipids in castrated pigs .( 5 ) Compared with other groups of pigs , castrated pigs showed increased steatosis .However , testosterone treatment attenuated hepatic steatosis in castrated pigs .Conclusion Testosterone deficiency caused severe dyslipidemia , and increased hepatic lipid accumulation in miniature pigs fed a high-fat diet.

Effects of salvianolic acid A injection on CCl4 induced hepatocyte injury and hepatic fibrosis in rats / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To study on the anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of salvianolic acid A injection (SAA), and further to provide the theoretical basis for the clinical application .Methods Using CCl4 induced hepatocyte injury in vitro, the hepatocyte viability , the levels of ALT , AST and LDH in cell culture supernatants and the levels of SOD and MDA in cell lysates were detected .In addition , the hepatic fibrosis rat model was made by subcutaneous injection of CCl 4 , the serum LN, HA, SOD and MDA levels were detected and the pathological changes in liver tissue were also observed . Results Compared with model group , the hepatocyte viability in SAA high or low dose group and Vit E group were significantly increased (P <0.01), and the activities of ALT, AST and LDH in SAA high dose group were significantly lowed ( P <0.01 ) .The activity of SOD in SAA high dose group and Vit E group was significantly increased ( P <0.05), while MDA content was decreased (P <0.05).Vivo test showed that the levels of serum LN and HA in SAAhigh dose group were significant lower than those of hepatic fibrosis rat model group (P <0.05).Moreover, the activity of SOD in SAA high or low dose group was significantly increased (P <0.05, P <0.01), while MDA content was lowed (P <0.05, P <0.01), and can improve the pathological of liver tissues .Conclusions SAA injection can anti-lipid peroxidation and thereby protect hepatocyte and reduce hepatic fibrosis .

RAPD analysis of the genetic diversity in WHBE rabbit, Japanese white rabbit and New Zealand white rabbit / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To analyze the genetic variation among white hair black eyes (WHBE) rabbit, Japanese white ( JW) rabbit and New Zealand white ( NZW) rabbit using random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) technique . Methods Thirty rabbits (male/female 1∶1) of each strain were used in this study.The genomic DNA was extracted from 90 rabbits.Sixty arbitrary primers were used to amplify DNA of rabbits with RAPD-PCR method.Based on the preliminary experiments , polymorphic primers were selected to analyze the genetic variation among the three rabbit strains .The experi-mental data were analyzed using Popgene 3.2 software.Results (1) Twenty-five polymorphic primers were selected among 60 arbitrary primers.493 amplified fragments were detected ranging from 100 bp to 1800 bp.Sixteen primers among 25 arbitrary primers could not only amplify the common DNA bands of 3 rabbit breeds , but also amplify particular alleles in the WHBE rabbit.(2) 234 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in WHBE rabbit , among which 166 sites were polymorphic , accounting for 70.94%.228 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in the JW rabbit, while 122 sites of them were polymorphic , accounting for 53.51%.231 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel e-lectrophoresis in the NZW rabbits , with 94 sites being polymorphic, accounting for 40.69%.(3) The Shannon genetic di-versity index of WHBE rabbit, JW rabbit and NZW rabbit was 0.3385, 0.2222 and 0.1905, respectively.(4) The genet-ic similarity between JW rabbit and NZW rabbit was highest among the three rabbit breeds (0.8443), followed by that be-tween WHBE rabbit and JW rabbit (0.8204), and the genetic similarity between WHBE rabbit and NZW rabbit (0.7862) was the lowest .Conclusions Our results demonstrate that there are both genetic similarities and genetic variations among WHBE rabbit, JW rabbit and NZW rabbit .The RAPD technique can be used to delect the genetic relationships among dif-ferent breeds and different individuals of the same breed of rabbits .