Progress on standardized treatment for patients with general cancer pain and cancer pain during " peri-radiotherapeutic period" / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Cancer pain is one of the main symptoms of patients suffering from malignant tumors. If it is not timely treated, it will lead to refractory pain and increase the burden on both the individuals and society. In China, the program titled" Good Pain Management" has been carried out for nearly 7 years, which increases the overall assessment and treatment levels for cancer pain among medical personnel. Nevertheless, the clinical efficacy for cancer pain treatment is not satisfactory. As an important treatment for malignant tumors, radiation therapy is also one of the main methods for treating cancer pain. For the first time, we proposed the concept of " peri-radiotherapeutic period" , and emphasized the continuous analgesic treatment for patients with cancer pain before, during and after radiotherapy. In this article, current status of cancer pain treatment at home and abroad was illustrated, and standardized assessment and management of cancer pain during the " peri-radiotherapeutic period" were summarized.

Progress on standardized treatment for patients with general cancer pain and cancer pain during " peri-radiotherapeutic period" / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Cancer pain is one of the main symptoms of patients suffering from malignant tumors.If it is not timely treated,it will lead to refractory pain and increase the burden on both the individuals and society.In China,the program titled"Good Pain Management" has been carried out for nearly 7 years,which increases the overall assessment and treatment levels for cancer pain among medical personnel.Nevertheless,the clinical efficacy for cancer pain treatment is not satisfactory.As an important treatment for malignant tumors,radiation therapy is also one of the main methods for treating cancer pain.For the first time,we proposed the concept of "peri-radiotherapeutic period",and emphasized the continuous analgesic treatment for patients with cancer pain before,during and after radiotherapy.In this article,current status of cancer pain treatment at home and abroad was illustrated,and standardized assessment and management of cancer pain during the "peri-radiotherapeutic period" were summarized.

The effects of Bushen-Gufeigao and breathing movements on the patients with COPD of ;lung and kidney yang deficiency TCM pattern / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective Evaluating the effects of Bushen-Gufeigao and breathing movements on the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of Lung and kidney deficiency TCM pattern. Methods The patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of lung and kidney deficiency TCM pattern were recruited and randomly divided into two groups the treatment group (32 cases) and the control group (34 cases). The control group was treated with the conventional medicine, and the treatment group were added Bufei-Gushengao and breathing movements based on the treatment of control group. Both groups were treated for 1 month. The changes of the clinical symptoms, lung function and frequency of attack and duration of each attack in 10 months after treatment were observed. Results After the treatment, compared with the control group, the TCM patterns scores (5.32 ± 2.67 vs. 9.12 ± 4.11, t=4.424) of the treatment group significantly decreased, while the FVC (3.00 ± 0.49 L vs. 2.71 ± 0.47 L, t=2.408), FEV1 (2.27 ± 0.44 L vs. 1.85 ± 0.54 L, t=3.496), and the percentage of FEV1%(75.62 ± 6.84 vs. 66.86 ± 9.32, t=4.333) increased significantly. In the 10 mouths after the treatment, the treatment group showed significantly fewer patients who had attacked more than 6 times than that in the control group, and the duration of attacks showed significantly fewer minutes in the treatment group than the control group (5.56 ± 1.45 d vs. 8.06 ± 1.80 d, t=6.190). Conclusion Bushen-Gufeigao and breathing movements can effectively improve patient's lung function and symptoms.

Effect of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced esopha-geal carcinoma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicities of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 127 patients with advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma in our department from January 2008 to January 2011,who were divided into two groups:conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy(RCT) group,69 patients and radiotherapy(RT)group,58 patients. The side effects,quality of life and effective rates of them were compared. Results The severe rate of the marrow toxic effect and the incidences of radia-tion-induced esophagitis were higher in the RCT group(29. 0% vs 12. 1% ,χ2 = 5. 387,P = 0. 020;24. 6% vs 10. 3% ,χ2 = 4. 341,P = 0. 037). Patients in the RT group had better quality of life than those in the RCT group in gastrointestinal side effects(nausea,vomiting,diarrhea)and food intake(73. 9% vs 12. 1% ,χ2 =48. 574,P = 0. 000;43. 5% vs 25. 9% ,χ2 = 4. 274,P = 0. 039). In the RCT group,the effective rate was 91. 30%(63 / 69)and 72. 41 %(42 / 58)in the RT group,with a statistical significance(χ2 = 7. 852,P =0. 005). Conclusion Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal carcinoma can improve the short-term curative effects,but it also increase the acute toxic effect. Further follow-up studies are needed for its long-term effect.

Applications of the biomaker-detection technology guiding neoadjuvant therapy for advanced esophageal cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

At present,the technology to predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy with biomakers has been widely used in clinical practice.The approaches of biomarkers detection are various,including immunohistochemistry,detection of serum biomarkers conventional blood tests,gene expression profile analysis,single nucleotide polymorphisms,miRNAs,proteomics analysis.With the development of biotechnology,the technology of biomarkers detection is expected to become effective means in assessment of adjuvant therapy,risk,prognosis and individualization in esophageal cancer treatment.

Formula Optimization of Levodopa Microcapsules Floating Tablets / 中国药师

To optimize the formula of levodopa microcapsules floating tablets. Methods:The contents of levodopa and benserazide in the microcapsules floating tablets were determined by HPLC simultaneously. The release rate as the index, an orthogonal design was used to optimize the formula and preparation technology of levodopa microcapsules floating tablets. The release property of the microcapsules floating tablets was evaluated. Results:The HPLC method for the in vitro determination of levodopa and benserazide in the floating tablets met the methodological requirements. The selected formula was as following:the amount ratio of stearic acid, the drugs, acrylic resin and HPMC was 2∶5∶2∶1. The average weight of the tablets was 550 mg. The results of validated tests showed that the microcapsules floating tablets had floating and sustained release property, which could be used by divided dose. Conclusion: The optimized formula of the microcapsules floating tablets is reasonable, and the production process is stable and feasible.

Definitive extended field intensity-modulated radiotherapy and concurrent cisplatin chemosensitization in the treatment of IB2-IIIB cervical cancer / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To assess the toxicity of delivering extended field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (EF-IMRT) and concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical carcinoma. METHODS: Forty-five patients who underwent EF-IMRT and concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy for the treatment of stage IB2 to IIIB cervical cancer were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical target volume included all areas of gross and potentially microscopic disease and regional lymph node regions. All patients underwent high-dose-rate brachytherapy. The acute and late toxicity were scored using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group late radiation morbidity scoring criteria, respectively. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 28 months (range, 5 to 62 months). Forty-two patients had a complete response, and three had a persistent disease. Of those 42 patients, 15 patients (35.7%) had recurrence. The regions of recurrence were in-field in 2 patients and out-field in 13 patients. Acute grade > or =3 gastrointestinal, genitourinary and hematologic toxicity occurred in 3, 1, and 9 patients, respectively. Three patients (6.7%) suffered from late grade 3 toxicities. Seven patients experienced ovarian transposition, 5 of those patients (71%) maintained ovarian function. Thirty-eight patients (84.4%) were alive at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy with EF-IMRT was safe. The acute and late toxicities are acceptable. EF-IMRT provides an opportunity to preserve endocrine function for patients with ovarian transposition.

Research progress of esophageal cancer mouse models / 国际肿瘤学杂志

The esophageal cancer mouse models have three categories:chemical carcinogenesis model,xenograft tumor model and genetic engineering model.Chemical carcinogenesis model can simulate well the pathological processes of human esophageal cancer and is prepared simply.Xenograft tumor model is currently the most commonly used esophageal cancer animal model,which has advantages of rapid tumor formation,higher tumor formation rate and lower cost.Genetic engineering model involves mainly p53,Cyclin D1,Brca1 and p120ctn,and it helps to understand the biological characteristics of tumors,but it is expensive and the preparation time is long.

Hypofractionated radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Hypofractionated three-dimensional confornul radiotherapy (3DCRT) makes it possible to further improve loeal control,overall survival and the quality of life for the patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).But the dose-fractionation and total dose are not yet clear,which need further study.Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early-stage NSCLC patients is well tolerated and results in excellent local control and overall survival.SBRT is expected to become a new standard treatment in patients with early stage NSCLC.

Gemcitabine and radiotherapy improve the quality of life of patients with unresectable advanced peri-ampullary carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the survival of advanced stage periampullary carcinoma and its prognostic factors.Methods The clinical data and follow up of 134 patients with advanced stage periampullary carcinoma admitted to our hospital between January 2007 and December 2010 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results Of 134 patients,there were 83 males and 51 females.The mean age±S.D.was 62.49±11.41 (28-83).For the 86 patients who underwent surgery,32 had extensive peritoneal metastases on surgical exploration,27 had metastases/involvement of the liver or stomach,and 27 had major vessel infiltration.For these 86 patients,55 received surgical exploration,whereas 31 had surgical exploration plus bypass anastomosis. 45 patients received chemotherapy,while 67 received chemotherapy plus radiotherapy.The improvements in quality of life and in clinical response rate after concurrent chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy alone were 73.1％ and 57.8％,respectively.The overall survival was 14.27±1.06 months.The median survival time was 11 (8.95±13.05) months.The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 43％ and 10％,respectively.Karnofsky performance status,and the presence or absence of jaundice co-related with poor prognosis on single factor analysis.The Karnofsky performance status was an independent survival predictor on multifactor analysis.Conclusions The prognosis of patients with advanced stage periampullary carcinoma was poor.Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy had similar impact on overall survival,Karnofsky performance status was an independent survival predictor.

Differential gene expression and radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatment method for esophageal cancer. Cene expression profile of cancer cells may be one of key factors in determining the effectiveness of radiation therapy To provide guidance for individual therapy, research advances in gene expression involved in radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer are discussed from three aspects: radiation damage repair, cell cycle distribution and signal traneduetion.

Research advances of Rb94 gene in malignant tumors / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Retinoblastoma 94(RB94)gene,a new tumor suppressor gene,is found in the past several years.It has been found that Rb94 gene has a more powerful antitumor effection compared with Rb110gene.After transfection,Rb94 gene could adjust telomerase activation,induce apoptosis and regulate cell cycle.It also has a synergistic action associated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Radiosensitising effect of retinoblastoma gene (Rb94) on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To construct an eukaryotic expression vector of retinoblastoma gene (pIRES-Rb94), and investigate the radiosensitising effect of Rb94 on lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and the mechanism. Methods Recombinant expression plasmid pIRES-Rb94 was constructed and then transfected into A549 cells using lipofectamine 2000. Steadily transfected cells were obtained using G418 se-lecting system. Cell counting method was used to produce the growth curve and the population doubling time was then calculated. The radiosensitivity of A549 cells was assessed by clonogenic assay. The expression of bTERT and Bcl-2 mRNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR. Cell cycle distribution was measured by flow cytometry. Results Steadily transfected cell line pIRES-Rb94-A549 was aquired. Compared with A549 cells, the population doubling time of pIRES-Rb94-A549 cells was increased from 31.5 h to 39.5 h (t=5.15, P<0.01). The expression of hTERT and Bcl-2 mRNA was both down-regulated (0.02:1.00, t= 18.99,P<0.01,0.01:1.00,t=13.73,P<0.01). The number of cells was increased in G2/M phases (35.91%:4.53%, t =36.78,P=0.00), whereas decreased in G0/G1 and S phases (47.02%:74.07%, t =11.71,P=0.00;17.07%:22.32%, t =2.30,P<0.05). The sensitizing enhancement ratio was 1.30. Conclusions Rb94 has marked radiosensitizing effect on A549 cells by G2/M phase blockage and down-regulation of hTERT and Bcl-2 mRNA expression. Rb94 may also inhibit the ability of cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle distribution.

Impact of mobile population on transmission of schistosomiasis in transmission-interrupted area / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

The historical surveillance results showed, there were 10 schistosomiasis cases in Huangshan City from 1994 to 2006. The survey in 2007 showed, the positive rates of blood examination for schistosomiasis in migrant workers and immigrant workers were 0.49% and 0.47% , respectively, but no schistosome-infected patients were detected by using the stool examination. An area with snails of 3 000 m~2 was found in the residence of the immigrant workers, but no infected snails were found. It is indicated that the mobile population has some impact on the transmission of schistosomiasis in the transmission-interrupted area. The surveillance and health education for the mobile population should be strengthened, and the imported infectious source should be prevented.

Relationship between apoptosis index,expression of P53 and radiosensitivity of rectal carcinoma / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the levels of the spontaneous apoptosis index(SAI),expressions of P53 and the radiosensitivity of rectal carcinoma.Methods:Thirty-six patients with rectal carcinoma who received preoperative radiotherapy were registered in this study.Specimens were obtained by biopsy before irradiation and after operation.The apoptotic index(AI) of each tissue specimen was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphophate nick-labling (TUNEL) assay and expressed as a percentage,Immunohistochemical evaluation for P53 and the radiosensitivity of the tumor was also peformed.Results:Consistent low levels of spontaneous apoptosis were observed in all specimens evaluated,the mean AI of spontaneous apoptosis was 0.98%+/-0.31%;There was an inverse correlation between SAI and the expression of P53 protein(r=0.72,P0.98% was significantly higher than that of SAI

THE STUDY FOR THE NEW TRENDS OF INCIDENCE AND TREATMENT METHODS OF DCIS OF THE BREAST / 中国现代普通外科进展

To explore the new trends of incidence and treatment patterns of DCIS of the breast. Methods: 479 patients with DCIS of the breast, who were diagnosed and treated between 1982 and 1995, formed the population for this study. Retrospective study has been done via charts review. Results: The percentage of DCIS of the breast of all the breast cancer patients has steadily increased from 3.3% in 1982 to 17.35% in 1995. The upward trends are observed in all age groups above 40 years, but chiefly in the age group of 40-49 years, whose rates is higher than those of other age groups. Trends in management of DCIS patients include a decreasing reliance on mastectomy (from 100% to 21.95%) and increasing utilization of excision with or without irradiation (from 0% to 78.05%). Conclusion: In the last two decades, DCIS of the breast represents an increasing percentage of all breast cancer diagnoses. The percentage of DCIS of the breast had been steadily increasing between 1982 and 1995. The trend suggests a slightly younger patient population as compared with our entire breast cancer population. Mostly the conserving surgery with radiation therapy is the first choice for DCIS of the breast.