Progress on the changing trend of etiological component ratio of chronic cough in children / 国际儿科学杂志

Chronic cough is one of the common symptoms of childhood respiratory diseases, which cause serious impact to children and parents in the growth and development of children, life, learning and other aspects.The top three causes of childhood chronic cough are cough variant asthma(CVA), upper airway cough syndrome(UACS), post-infectious cough(PIC). CVA is the most common.However, in recent years, the literature reports about the first cause of UACS higher than CVA gradually appear and show an increasing trend.This paper summarizes the literature related to the etiological composition of chronic cough in Chinese children, and analyzes the etiological changes and causes of chronic cough, so as to help clinicians recognize the etiological trends of chronic cough, and timely make correct diagnosis and corresponding treatment programs.

Construction and Empirical Analysis of Systematic Evaluation Model for the Operation Management of Public Hospital / 中国医院管理

Objective To construct a systematic evaluation model of the operation and management capacity of pub-lic hospitals,and to objectively and realistically assess the current status of the operation and management capacity of public hospitals.Methods The"input-process-output"framework was used to construct a systematic evaluation model for operation management capability.56 public hospitals at or above the secondary level were sampled to con-duct empirical research.Results The results showed that,operation management in current stage emphasized a"re-sult oriented"approach,with insufficient basic investment and unclear core activities.Increasing funding investment,strengthening hospital marketing,and improving output quality were the core tasks of operation management.The operation management were generally in the initial stage,and the overall ability was not strong.The ability advantages of tertiary hospitals were relatively prominent.Conclusion It recommended that public hospitals should focus on the five major elements of human resources,finance,information,systems and decision-making mechanisms to com-prehensively optimize operation management investment;precise core activities,and promote the modernization of the economic system by improving the efficiency of resource allocation;stimulate the potential of hospitals,medi-cal staff,and disciplines to improve the quality of comprehensive outputs.

Current situation and enlightenment of overseas medical service information disclosure based on patient needs / 中华医院管理杂志

The disclosure of medical service information is an important tool to help patients make medical decisions, improve the quality of medical services, and strengthen hospital supervision.The effectiveness of disclosing medical service information lies in meeting the needs of patients.The disclosure of medical service information in foreign countries started earlier that China. In order to strengthen the compatibility between medical service information and patient needs, some developed countries had used patient experience surveys, patient satisfaction surveys, and patient medical reports as the sources of public information.These countries publicly released information on medical quality, doctor-patient feedback, and social responsibility through official unified release platforms and processes, while establishing diversified and institutionalized regulatory mechanisms to create a good information disclosure system and mechanism for patient decision-making, service quality improvement, and government regulation.By drawing on the experience of medical service information disclosure in developed countries, the author proposed that we should carry out a comprehensive survey of patient needs, establish a convenient and transparent information disclosure platform, and establish a sound scientific regulatory mechanism, so as to provide reference for promoting the establishment of a patient demand oriented medical service information disclosure mechanism in China

Value of MELD 3.0， MELD， and MELD-Na scores in assessing the short-term prognosis of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure： A comparative study / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of MELD 3.0， MELD， and MELD-Na scores in assessing the 90-day prognosis of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF） through a comparative study. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 605 patients with ACLF who were treated in Tianjin Third Central Hospital， The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital， and Beijing YouAn Hospital from November 2012 to June 2019， and according to the 90-day follow-up results after admission， they were divided into survival group with 392 patients and death group with 213 patients. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， the area under the ROC curve （AUC）， net reclassification improvement （NRI）， integrated discrimination improvement （IDI）， and decision curve analysis （DCA） curve were used to investigate the value of MELD 3.0， MELD， and MELD-Na scores at baseline， day 3， week 1， and week 2 in predicting the prognosis of the disease. ResultsAt day 3 and week 1， MELD 3.0 score had an AUC of 0.775 and 0.808， respectively， with a better AUC than MELD score （P<0.05）. At day 3， week 1， and week 2， MELD 3.0 score showed an NRI of 0.125， 0.100， and 0.081， respectively， compared with MELD in predicting the prognosis of ACLF patients， as well as an NRI of 0.093， 0.140， and 0.204， respectively， compared with MELD-Na score in predicting prognosis. At baseline， day 3， week 1， and week 2， MELD 3.0 showed an IDI of 0.011， 0.025， 0.017， and 0.013， respectively， compared with MELD in predicting the prognosis of ACLF patients. At day 3 and week 2， MELD 3.0 showed an IDI of 0.027 and 0.038， respectively， compared with MELD-Na in predicting the prognosis of ACLF patients. All the above NRIs and IDIs were >0， indicating a positive improvement （all P<0.05）. DCA curves showed that MELD 3.0 was superior to MELD at day 3 and was significantly superior to MELD-Na at week 2. There was no significant difference in the ability of the three scores in predicting the prognosis of ACLF patients with different types， and there was also no significant difference in the ability of the three scores in predicting the prognosis of ACLF patients with the etiology of HBV infection， alcohol， or HBV infection combined with alcohol， while MELD 3.0 was superior to MELD for ACLF patients with other etiologies （P<0.05）. ConclusionMELD 3.0 score is better than MELD and MELD-Na scores in predicting the 90-day survival of patients with ACLF， but with limited superiority.

A non-human primate derived anti-P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 antibody curtails acute pancreatitis by alleviating the inflammatory responses

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a devastating disease characterized by an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) plays a crucial role in the initial steps of the adhesive at process to inflammatory sites, blockade of PSGL-1 might confer potent anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we generated two non-human primate derived monoclonal antibodies capable of efficiently targeting human PSGL-1, RH001-6 and RH001-22, which were screened from immunized rhesus macaques. We found that RH001-6, can effectively block the binding of P-selectin to PSGL-1, and abolish the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells in vitro. In vivo, we verified that RH001-6 relieved inflammatory responses and pancreatic injury in both caerulein and l-arginine induced AP models. We also evaluated the safety profile after RH001-6 treatment in mice, and verified that RH001-6 did not cause any significant pathological damages in vivo. Taken together, we developed a novel non-human primate derived PSGL-1 blocking antibody with high-specificity, named RH001-6, which can interrupt the binding of PSGL-1 and P-selectin and attenuate inflammatory responses during AP. Therefore, RH001-6 is highly potential to be further developed into therapeutics against acute inflammatory diseases, such as AP.

Relative weights analysis on the impacts of childhood maltreatment forms on adolescent anxiety and depression / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relative effects of various forms of childhood maltreatment on adolescent anxiety and depression and to explore possible sex difference.@*Methods@#By using convenient sampling method, 6 228 middle school students were selected from 2 middle schools in Chongqing. Self reported questionnaires were used to collect demographic characteristics, childhood maltreatment experiences, anxiety and depression symptoms. The relative weights analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between childhood maltreatment forms and adolescent anxiety and depression and possible sex differences.@*Results@#The prevalence of physical neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect and sexual abuse was 28.2%, 23.7%, 16.0 %, 12.4% and 10.3%, respectively. Among them, emotional abuse had the greatest impact on anxiety and depression ( R 2= 0.12 /0.15), followed by emotional neglect( R 2=0.08/0.11), physical abuse ( R 2=0.02/0.03), sexual abuse ( R 2=0.02/0.01) and physical neglect ( R 2=0.01/0.01). Compared with boys ( R 2=0.09/0.12, R 2=0.06/0.09), emotional abuse ( R 2=0.13/0.16) and emotional neglect ( R 2=0.10/0.13) had greater impacts on anxiety and depression among girls.@*Conclusion@#Psychological maltreatment (including emotional abuse and emotional neglect) in childhood has the greatest influence on anxiety and depression, especially for girls.

Research advances in immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) is a new type of secondary sclerosing cholangitis which was discovered recently and has unknown pathogenesis.IgG4-SC is characterized by an increased serum level of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4),chronic progressive obstructive jaundice,diffuse or local infiltration of a large number of IgG4-positive plasma cells and lymphocytes,fibrosis,and obstructive phlebitis.This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-SC and its association with primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma.

Validation of the silencing site of rhesus monkey P21 gene in COS-7 cells / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To screen the effective silencing targets of P21 gene at the cellular level in rhesus monkey . Methods To detect the expression of P21 gene in COS-7 cells ( derived from the kidney of African green monkey , Cerco-pithecus aethiops).Four small hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences targeting rhesus monkey P21 gene were designed and in-serted into lentivirus-based gene silencing constructs FUGW-TDT.The vectors were transfected into COS-7 cells respective-ly.The suppression of P21 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR, and the expression of P21 protein was detected by West-ern blot assay .Results Four gene-silencing sequences were screened that lied in 541-561 bp, 542-562 bp, 215-239 bp, and 624-648 bp of the rhesus monkey P21 mRNA.Their silencing rate was (91.82 ±3.21)%, (82.47 ±2.48)%, (81.31 ±2.69 )% and ( 87.35 ±4.59 )%, and the protein expression was ( 11.97 ±0.70 )%, ( 20.22 ±0.65 )%, ( 23.21 ± 0.63)%and (14.42 ±0.86)%, respectively.Conclusions Four effective silencing target sequences are screened at cel-lular level , which can be used in gene silencing research of rhesus monkeys .

Development of an LC - MS/MS method for determination of 2-oxo-clopidogrel in human plasma / 药物分析学报

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC ? MS/MS) method was established to determine 2-oxo-clopidogrel, a crucial intermediate metabolite in human plasma. A chromatographic separation was performed on a Sapphire C18 column following a liquid–liquid extraction sample preparation with methyl t-butyl ether. Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with an electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The method was validated in terms of specificity, accuracy, precision and limit of quantification. The calibration curves ranged from 0.50 to 50.0 ng/mL with good linearity. The stability was fully validated with addition of 1,4-dithio-DL-threitol (DTT) into the plasma sample prior to and in the preparation procedure. The validated method was proved to be suitable for use in pharmacokinetic study after single oral administration of 75 mg clopidogrel tablets in human subjects, which could make contribution to intensive study of the clinical drug–drug interactions of clopidogrel and individual treatment.

Establishment of an indirect immunofluorescence assay for detection of murine norovirus / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To establish an indirect immunofluorescence assay for detection of murine norovirus ( MNV) .Methods Mouse leukaemic monocyte macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells were infected with MNV-1 and cultured for 36 hours to collect the virus and uninfected cells , and to make antigen glass slides .BALB/c mice were gavaged with MNV-1 (107 TCID50) and infected sera were collected as positive control .The serum was 1:10 diluted and used for measuring MNV antibody by immunofluorescence assay ( IFA ) .80 serum samples were tested using the two methods , IFA and ELISA, and the discrepant samples were validated by Western blotting .Results RAW264.7 cells were infected with MNV-1 for 36-48 h, showing an infection rate of 60% of the cells, and the cells infected for 36 h were preferred.IFA method was used to detect the serum with MNV-1 infection and showed that the antibody content was gradually increased at one week after infection , reaching a maximum antibody concentration at 4 weeks after infection , and maintained a stable level later .The mouse serum at four weeks after MNV-1infection was used as positive quality control . Among the 80 serum samples , 27 positive and 53 negative cases were detected by IFA method , and 32 positive and 48 negative cases were detected by ELISA .The five discrepant samples were verified by Western blotting , resulted in 3 positive and 2 negative cases . The coincidence rate of IFA was 96.0% and that of ELISA methods was 97.5%. Conclusions Basically, immunofluorescence assay can be used to detect the MNV-1 infection in mice, although false negative result may occur occasionally .IFA and ELISA detection can be selected as initial screening measures , and use Western blot assay to verify the discrepant samples .

Rhesus monkey P53 gene silencing at the cellular level / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective In order to establish a rhesus monkey model of p53 gene silencing, firstly we screened and determined the effective silencing targets of p53 gene at the cellular level in rhesus monkey.Methods The expression of p53 gene was detected in COS-7 cells ( derived from the kidney of the African Green Monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops).Three small hairpin RNA ( shRNA) sequences targeting rhesus monkey p53 gene were designed, analysed by bioinformatics, and inserted into lentivirus-based gene silencing constructs FUGW-TDT.The plasmids of p53-RNAi and control vector were transfected into the COS-7 cells, respectively.The suppression of p53 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR, and the changes of p53 protein expression were detected by Western blot assay.Results p53 gene expression was detected in COS-7 cells.Bioinformatics analysis showed that three gene-silencing sequences were screened which lied in the open reading frame ( ORF) region and targeted 238 -258bp, 681 -701bp, 169 -189bp of the rhesus monkey p53 mRNA.At 48 hrs after transfection of the three silencing constructs, p53 mRNA was suppressed by(87.17 ±4.03)%, ( 72.62 ±4.11)% and(76.22 ±0.98 )%, and p53 protein was suppressed by ( 84.44 ±2.18 )%, ( 71.04 ±1.18)% and ( 74.17 ±0.95 )%, respectively. Conclusions We obtained three effective target sequences showing high efficiency in p53silencing, which can be used in further studies on gene silencing in rhesus monkey.