RESUMO
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common age-related small vessel disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the wall of small arterioles and capillaries of the leptomeninges and cerebral cortex. Several molecular imaging technologies such as amyloid-β positron-emission tomography (PET) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET have been successfully applied in the patients with CAA. Amyloid-PET may indicate the distribution and burden of Aβ deposition by the tracer′s specific binding to the pathological markers, providing qualitative and quantitative information for the diagnosis of CAA. However, amyloid-β PET is inadequate to differentiate CAA from other Aβ-related diseases like Alzheimer′s disease. Other novel techniques of molecular imaging including tau-PET, single photon emission computed tomography and other highly selective PET radioligands have been investigated widely at present. This article mainly reviewed the advances in molecular imaging of CAA.
RESUMO
Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) is a rare autosomal-dominant progressive leukodystrophy, caused by mutations of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) gene. Age of onset is usually between 40 and 50 years old and the clinical presentations include dementia, apraxia, behavioral changes, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs. Varying clinical manifestations have led to misdiagnoses. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) typically reveals white matter changes with T2-Flair/DWI hyperintensity and atrophy especially for thinning of the corpus callosum. Here, we report a young woman experiencing hypomnesia for 2 years with lower extremities weakness and rigidity for 1 month. Considering the evidence of clinical manifestations, imaging and genetic test, this patient was diagnosed with ALSP.