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ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Anmeidan on the sleep quality and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）， and irisin in the patients with chronic insomnia. MethodA multicenter， randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled clinical study was carried out， including 480 patients with chronic insomnia （deficiency syndrome） in Wuhan （Hubei）， Guangzhou （Guangdong）， and Lanzhou （Gansu）. They were randomized into an observation group and a control group at a ratio of 1∶1. The observation group was orally administered with Anmeidan granules at a dose of 11 g， 3 times per day， and the control group with Anmeidan simulant at a dose of 11 g， 3 times per day， Both groups of patients received sleep education after enrollment. After 4 weeks of medication， the Athens insomnia scale （AIS） scores， Spiegel scale scores， and serum levels of BDNF， GFAP， and irisin were compared between the two groups as well as between before and after treatment. ResultA total of 480 adult patients with chronic insomnia were enrolled in this study， with 64 patients falled off. Finally， the 415 patients were included in the analysis， including 213 patients in the observation group and 202 patients in the control group. There was no difference in age or sex between the two groups of patients. Compared with before treatment， the treatment in both groups decreased the AIS and Spiegel scores （P<0.01）. After treatment， the observation group had lower AIS and Spiegel scores than the control group （P<0.01）. The treatment in the observation group slightly lowered the level of BDNF， elevated the level of irisin （P<0.05）， and lowered the level of GFAP （P<0.05） in the serum. After treatment， the observation group showed higher level of irisin （P<0.05） and lower levels of BDNF and GFAP in the serum than the control group. ConclusionAnmeidan may improve the sleep quality of patients with chronic insomnia by elevating the irisin level and lowering the GFAP level in the serum.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of case-PBL method and case-PBL method combined with SPSS software on the teaching of medical statistics for medical undergraduates. Methods Students from two classes major in experimental medicine from Nantong University Xingling College were selected as Experimental Class 1 ( using case-PBL teaching ) and Experimental Class 2 ( using case-PBL teaching combined with SPSS software). Each class attended lessons for five times. The teachers would send cases for each lesson one week in advance, and students would form into groups to access information, learn and discuss independently. Representatives from groups spoke in class, members would complement and discuss, while teachers offered guidance, review, analysis and summary. We shortened the discussion time in the class, and added instructions on the operation steps of SPSS software for case analysis and how to interpret the analysis result correctly in Experiment Class 2 . The Control Class received traditional teaching . Questionnaires, process assessment and final assessment were used to evaluate teaching effectiveness. SPSS 21.0 software was used to implement variance analysis and chi-square test for comparison between groups. Results The scores of the two experimental classes were higher than those of the control class in the five process assessments ( P<0 . 05 ) . Experimental Class 2 was the best in three section process assessments including those of t-test, the rank sum test and the straight-line correlation (P<0.05). However, there was no difference in the theoretical test scores among the three classes (P=0.670). 94％-100％of the students in the two experimental classes believed that the teaching effects of the case-PBL method and case-PBL method combined with SPSS software were better than the traditional teaching method (P<0.05) in such areas as stimulating interest in learning, improving learning efficiency, etc. Students in Experimental Class 2 were more prone to think these methods improved teaching effect. Conclusion The case-PBL teaching combined with the application of SPSS software will further help students to systematically grasp the statistical knowledge and cultivate statistical practice ability . However , neither methods will improve students' theoretical test scores.
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Objective To observe the effects of ShenGuiBaoXin decoction on matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, and cardiac histopathology in rats with heart failure, and to investigate the mechanism of the inhibition effect on ventricular remodeling in rats with heart failure. Methods Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups, with 15 rats in the control group and 75 rats in the model group. Normal saline was injected in the normal control group. The model group was given an intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline 3 mg/ (kg·d). After 4 weeks, an ejection fraction of ≤50％ on echocardiography was considered a successful model. Seventy-five rats were randomly divided into the model, Qiliqiangxin, and ShenGuiBaoXin groups (high, medium, and low doses), with 15 rats in each group. Eight weeks later, the cardiothoracic ratio and BNP level were measured, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed, and the MMP-2 and TIMP-1 protein expressions in the myocardium was detected. Results In terms of cardiothoracic ratio and BNP level, all the groups showed decreases after treatment, especially the Qiliqiangxin and high-dose groups. The MMP-2 protein expression level was decreased in all the groups after the treatment, and the high-dose group was superior to the Qiliqiangxin group. Conclusion ShenGuiBaoXin decoction functions by reducing the MMP-2 expression level, regulating MMP-2/TIMP-1 dynamic balance, maintaining the balance of synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix, inhibiting ventricular remodeling, and improving cardiac function.
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Objective To analyze the efficacy of a second dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in children aged 6 to 7 years in Xicheng District, Beijing, China in 2016.Methods Serum samples were collected in duplicate from 41 children aged 6 to 7 years before and one month after immunization with a second dose of MMR vaccine.ELISA was performed to detect IgG antibodies against measles, rubella and mumps in serum samples.Results The positive rates of antibodies against measles, rubella and mumps in the 41 children before immunization with a second dose of MMR vaccine were 95.12%, 90.24% and 92.68% and the antibody titers were (825.88±499.91), (53.83±32.48) and (697.83±535.82) IU/ml, respectively.The positive rates of the three antibodies were 100%, 97.56% and 100% after revaccination with MMR vaccine and the antibody titers were (1 102.98±356.77), (95.08±26.88) and (3 383.85±1 903.06) IU/ml.Titers of antibodies against measles, rubella and mumps increased significantly following revaccination (P0.05).Conclusion The second dose immunization of MMR vaccine achieves a high successful rate in children in Xicheng District of Beijing.It would be an effective immunization strategy to protect children from measles, rubella and mumps.
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The finite element method(FEM)is a numerical computation method based on computer tech-nology, and has been gradually applied in the fields of medicine and biomechanics. The finite element analysis can be used to explore the loading process and injury mechanism of human body in traffic in-jury. FEM is also helpful for the forensic investigation in traffic injury. This paper reviews the develop-ment of the finite element models and analysis of brain, cervical spine, chest and abdomen, pelvis, limbs at home and aboard in traffic injury in recent years.