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Objective To compare the diagnostic index which used to evaluate the balance of covariates between groups in real world study(RWS).Methods Simulate RWS simulation data scenarios such as different inter group equilibrium degree,different covariate and exposure,outcome relationship,etc.by constructing the correlation model between each diagnostic index and estimation deviation,evaluate the accuracy and robustness of different single covariate and global covariate diagnostic indexes.Results In addition to L1 measure,standardized difference,overlap coefficient,K-S distance,Lévy distance,Mahalanobis distance and general weighted difference can distinguish different degrees of inter group covariate equilibrium.The R2 of the correlation models estimated by the C-statistic based on propensity score and the general weighted difference diagnostic index is greater than 0.8,and the intercept value approaches the origin,which is the most accurate and stable for the diagnosis of inter group equilibrium.Conclusion The single covariate diagnosis index can evaluate the balance of covariates between groups of RWS data,but the accuracy,sensitivity and robustness of the global diagnosis index are better.Among them,the diagnosis effect of L1 measure is poor,while of the C-statistic based on propensity score is the best.
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Objective:To explore the clinical effects of hair transplantation combined with SVF GEL assisted fat transplantation in treating cicatricial alopecia.Methods:Eleven patients (5 males and 6 females, ranging from 22 to 41 years old) with cicatricial alopecia caused by burn or tumor excision in Shanghai Mylike Cosmetic Hospital from October 2017 to August 2019. All patients were treated with hair transplantation combined with SVF GEL assisted fat transplantation according to their scar areas.Results:Patients were followed up for 11 months on average, their hair grew well, with significantly improved appearances and no obvious complications. Hair follicle detection system was used to analyze the hair density after transplantation. The average survival rate reached 90.26% in accompany with desirable patients＇ satisfactory rates.Conclusions:Excellent results can be achieved by conducting hair transplantation combined with SVF GEL assisted fat transplantation in treating cicatricial alopecia, which is worth clinical application.
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The widespread availability real-world study (RWS) offers valuable insights into disease treatment, disease management, and socio-economic status in routine practice, as well as cautionary tales and methodological challenges such as the discovery of sample heterogeneity and bias of data and its correction. This paper summarizes the common bias and its control in the process of design, implementation and analysis for RWS in order to promote the standardization and rationality of the implementation of RWS.