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Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA)on the brain structure of rat or mouse Alzheimer’s disease(AD)models.Methods:Data of randomized controlled trials from January 2000 to January 2018 for the effect of GLP-1RA on the brain structure of AD rats or mice were searched from all databases, including the Cochrane Library, EMbase, PubMed, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, the Chinese biomedical literature database, Chinese PSTP VIP and Wanfang database.Literature was selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in advance, and the quality was evaluated using the SYRCLE as animal experimental bias risk assessment tools.Valid data were retrieved and a meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3software.Results:A total of 9 articles with 207 rats and mice were included.Among the 207 cases, 123cases were in the experimental group and 84 cases in the control group.After treatment with GLP-1RA, there were significant differences in the amyloid plaque load[Low dose group: mean difference(MD)=-5.55, 95% CI: -6.92 to-4.17, P<0.01, High dose group: MD=-4.81, 95% CI: -6.63to-2.98, P<0.01], the amount of p-tau protein(MD=-3.16, 95% CI: -4.29 to-2.02, P<0.01), and the activation of microglia in rat or mouse brain(liraglutide treatment group: MD=-7.85, 95% CI: -12.66 to-3.04, P<0.01, lixisenatide treatment group: MD=-7.60, 95% CI: -9.56 to-5.65, P<0.01)between the treatment group and the control group. Conclusions:GLP-1RA can reduce the amyloid plaque load, decrease the number of neurofibrillary tangles and inhibit the activation of microglia in the rat or mouse brain.
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Objective To develop and validate a radiomics predictive model based on mammogram for preoperative predicting triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) or non-triple-negative breast cancer (NTNBC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 459 Chinese women who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (confirmed by pathology) during August 2015 to November 2015. Our cohort included 34 TNBC and random selected 102 NTNBC cases. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually selected from craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique mammograms by radiologists through manual lesion segmentation, and 43 radiomics features were evaluated. Craniocaudal (CC) single-view, mediolateral oblique (MLO) single-view and CC and MLO double-view classification model were constructed respectively. Classification performance was evaluated by the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Kruskal-Walls U test and t test were used to compare the radiomics features between TNBC and UTNBC. Results The model that used the combination of both the CC and MLO view images achieved the overall best performance than using either of the two views alone, yielding an AUC of 0.791, accuracy of 0.798, sensitivity of 0.776 and specificity of 0.806 for TNBC comparing with NTNBC. Three features were selected by the model (gray scale span and inverse different moment for CC, roundness for MLO) showed a statistical significance (P<0.05) and AUC>0.6 in the subtype classification. Conclusion This research constructed model based on mammograms classification model can effectively distinguish between TNBC and NTNBC. This model has potential value for breast cancer molecular subtype classification and clinical treatment.
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OBJECTIVE To prepare the glutathione adducts of divinylsulfone (DVS), which is an important oxidative metabolism product of SM in vivo, and to investigate their reactive capability with DNA in vitro. METHODS The mustard sulfoxide (SMO) and mustard sulfone (SMO2) were prepared by oxidation reaction using HNO3 and KMnO4 as oxidants, respectively. Then, DVS was prepared through dechlorination reaction using CaCO3 under alkaline conditions. Furthermore, the DVS-GSH adduct and DVS-GSH-purine adducts were prepared and identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Finally, the adduct reac?tion process of DVS with GSH was monitored using UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS The DVS-GSH and GSH-DVS-purine adducts were obtained through preparative HPLC and characterized using NMR and high-resolution MS. In aqueous solution, the reactive activity of DVS with GSH was significantly higher than that of SM, and the DVS-GSH adduct had high or reactive activity, which could produce a series of adducts with adenine and guanine in DNA, and the abundance of the adenine adducts was higher than that of the guanine. CONCLUSION DVS-GSH adducts still have high reactive activity with DNA, and more attention should be paid to its potential damage to DNA.
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Objective · To observe the effects of custom made fiber posts on the fracture resistance of young permanent teeth treated with calcium hydroxide for different time. Methods · Forty-five extracted human young permanent teeth (premolar) were selected and randomly assigned to 9 groups.One group was the control group and the rest 8 groups were treated with conventional root canal preparation. Of these 8 groups, 4 groups (F Ⅰ , F Ⅲ , F Ⅵ ,FⅨ ) were restored by custom made fiber posts after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1, 3, 6, and 9 months respectively, and other 4 groups (C Ⅰ ,CⅢ , C Ⅵ , C Ⅸ ) were not restored by custom made fiber posts. All samples underwent fracture strength tests and their fracture modes were analyzed for the possibility of second repair. Results · The fracture load was decreased with the treatment time after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1 month (P<0.01). The fracture loads in groups restored by custom made fiber posts were increased after being treated with calcium hydroxide for 6 and 9 months (P<0.05, P<0.01). After being treated with calcium hydroxide for 1 month, groups restored by custom made fiber posts were likely to have fracture modes that facilitate the second repair as compared with groups not restored by custom made fiber posts (P<0.05). Conclusion · The restoration by custom made fiber posts can increase the fracture resistance of young permanent teeth treated with calcium hydroxide for medium and long term ( ≥ 1 month).
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Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of metformin on serum vitamin B12,folic acid and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods The databases of Cochrane Library,EMbase,PubMed,CBM,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang were retrieved by computer to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the association between metformin and serum vitamin B12 level in T2DM patients.Two researchers independently screened the literatures,assessed the risk of bias of included RCTs and extracted the data.The RevMan5.3 software was used for conducting the meta analysis.Results A total of 5 RCTs were included.The Meta-analysis results showed that serum vitamin B12 level in the metformin group was significantly decreased compared with the placebo group (MD=-55.86,95 ％ CI(-86.89,-24.84),P =0.000 4);the subgroup analysis showed that serum vitamin B12 level was negatively correlated with the duration of diabetes,metformin use time and dose.The serum Hcy level in the metformin group was increased compared with the placebo group (MD=2.44,95 ％ CI(1.41,3.46),P＜0.01);the serum folic acid level had no statistical differences between the two groups [MD=-2.39,95 ％CI (-4.93,0.15),P=0.06];the incidence rate of adverse reactions in the metformin group was higher than that in the placebo group[RR=2.0,95 ％ CI(1.32,3.03),P =0.001].Conclusion Metformin treatment may lead to decrease of serum vitamin B12 level and increase of Hcy level while has no obvious influence on the folic acid level in T2DM patients,but has higher incidence rate of adverse reactions.
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BACKGROUND:Diabetes mel itus can give rise to bone metabolic disorders that may involve long-term hyperglycemia, hypoglycemic agents, diet control, estrogen, insulin-like growth factor, leptin, body mass, sex and age. OBJECTIVE:To establish type 2 diabetic rat models, and to explore the influence of type 2 diabetes on bone metabolism. METHODS:High-fat and high-glucose diets combining with 35 mg/kg streptozotocin were used to induce type 2 diabetic model in seven male Sprague-Dawley rats (diabetic group). Thirteen rats in control group were given intraperitoneal injection of the same amount of citric acid and sodium citrate buffer. At 4 weeks after modeling, the bone density of rats was serum detected by dual-energy X-ray, levels of fasting blood-glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, fasting insulin, osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide-I were measured, and morphology of bone was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with control group, (1) the rat body mass and fasting blood-glucose kept on an overt rise in the diabetic group (P0.05). (4) In the diabetic group, thinner and sparse bone trabeculae were split presenting more free broken ends;(5) the bone density in lumbar spine, double femoral, pelvic and thoracolumbar spine were al significantly decreased (P<0.05). (6) In conclusion, the type 2 diabetic rat model can be successful y induced by 5-week feeding high-fat and high-glucose diets combining with intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin;these mode rats hold some characters, such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diminished bone density, and accelerated bone resorption.
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Objective To understand the incidence and related risk factors of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in neu-rological patients with cerebrovascular diseases.Methods The occurrence and risk factors of HAI in patients with cerebro-vascular diseases in a hospital between Jan and December 2013 were investigated and analyzed.Results Of 3 573 investiga-ted patients,214 had HAI,the incidence of HAI was 5.99%;the main infection site was respiratory tract (54.67%),fol-lowed by urinary tract (25.23%).Univariate analysis revealed that age,length of hospitalization,disturbance of conscious-ness,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,diabetes mellitus,invasive procedures,application of antacids,and antimicro-bial prophylaxis were all related to the occurrence of HAI (P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that disturbance of consciousness,old age,invasive procedures,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for the occurrence of HAI (all P <0.05).Conclusion The incidence of HAI is high in hospitalized patients of the neurology department,there are multiple risk factors associated with HAI,it is necessary to take corresponding interventions for reducing the incidence of HAI.
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Objective To compare 2 kinds of commonly used viral vectors, adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector and lentiviral (LV) vec-tor in the gene transfection for bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods MSCs were isolated with density gradient (lymphocytes seperation) and identified with HE staining and immunocytochemistory staining for Nestin. The proliferation of BMSCs was detected with BrdU labeling. AAV mediated gene transfection was carried out through recombinant AAV-LacZ viral particles. For LV medi-ated gene transfection, the LV particles were used directly. The transfection efficiency was estimated withβ-gal staining and green fluores-cent protein under the fluorescent microscope respectively. Results MSCs was successfully isolated from the bone marrow. HE staining showed that MSCs was with big nucleus, 1-3 nucleoli, and high nucleocytoplasmic ratio. BrdU labeling suggested that MSCs were prolifer-ating. Some MSCs expressed Nestin. The gene transfection efficiency mediated with AAV vector was 49.1%, and it was 91.4%with LV vec-tor (P<0.01). Conclusion The LV vector is more efficient on gene transfection than AAV vector.
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Objective To investigate the significance of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25 (OH)D3) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by comparing the differences of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy people.Methods One hundred and forty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected as the T2DM group,and 135 healthy people were selected as the normal control (NC) group.The level of serum 25 (OH) D3 was detected by ELISA.Clinical data were recorded and biochemical indexes were also detected.Statistical analysis was performed.Results (1) Serum 25 (OH) D3 level in T2DM group was low,but there was no significant difference between two groups((23.10 ± 1.59) μg/L vs.(23.11 ± 1.65) μg/L; t =0.064,P =0.949),as well as between men and women in the 2 populations (T2DM men vs.women(23.22 ± 1.54) μg/L vs.(22.95 ± 1.65) μg/L; t =0.209,P ＞0.05; NC men vs women(23.03 ± 1.73) μg/L vs.(23.18 ± 1.59) μg/L; t =0.436,P ＞0.05) ; (2)The prevalence of vitamin D insufficient and deficiency in T2DM group was high,but it was not statistically significant between two groups (98.0％ vs.94.8 ％ and 2.0％ vs.5.2％ ; x2 =2.034,P =0.154) ; (3) Serum 25 (OH) D3 in T2DM group has a significant negative correlation with triglycerides (r =-0.218,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion (1) Vitamin D level was low in both the healthy and T2DM populations in the southern region of China,the prevalence of vitamin D insufficient and deficiency was up to 90％.(2)Triglyceride is the only independent risk factor to T2DM population.
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Objective To study the value of breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS)in Chinese breast cancer screening. Methods A total number of 3483 women participated in breast cancer screening with mammography in Hexi district in Tianjin from August to December 2009, which was organized by ministry of public health. BI-RADS assessment categories and recommendations were compared with histological findings. The precision, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Results Among 3483 screening mammography cases, 267 were almost entirely fat breast, 1245 were scauered fibroglandular, 1890 were dense and 81 extremely dense.There were 1011 patients(29.0%) with category 1, 1741 (50.0%) with category 2, 383 (11.0%) with category 3, 59 patients(1. 7%) with category 4 and 16 (0. 5%) with category 5 according to BI-RADS assessment categories. Totally, 71 women with 77 lesions were confirmed by histological examinations. There were 29 malignant and 48 benign lesions. The diagnostic precision, sensitivity, specificity of BI-RADS were 63. 6% (49/77) , 93. 1% (27/29) and 45.8% (22/48) . The general PPV of BI-RADS was 50. 9%(27/53). The PPV of categories 0, 4, 5 were 25.0% (1/4), 36. 4% (12/33) and 87. 5% (14/16). The NPV of categories 2 and3 were90.9% (10/11), 100.0% (12/12). Conclusions B1-RADS is of much value in assessing the breast malignancy. It is applicable in Chinese breast cancer screening.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the bacterial endotoxin test of chlorphenamine maleate injection. METHODS: The interference test and bacterial endotoxin test of 28 batches of chlorphenamine maleate injections from 14 manufacturers were carried out in accordance with the bacterial endotoxin test approved by Chinese Pharmacopeia (2005 edition). RESULTS: Diluted to a concentration of below 0.025 mg?mL-1,the samples showed no interference action on bacterial endotoxin test. The limit value of the bacterial endotoxin was 5 EU?mg-1. The results of the bacterial endotoxin test of the 28 batches of samples were all accorded with the standard of the established quality control. CONCLUSION: The established TAL method is applicable for bacterial endotoxin test of chlorphenamine maleate injection.
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AIM: To study the effect of extract from Pongamia pinnata roots on anti-inflammation and analgesia and acute toxicity. METHODS: The models of mice ear edema induced by xylene and Cotton pellet granuloma in rats to observe the anti-inflammation effect of PRE via oral administration. The effect of PRE on analgesia was tested by measuring the latent period licking hind foot with the hot plate method and counting body twisting induced by acetic acid in mice. The acute toxicity of PRE was measured by the method of Bliss. RESULTS: PRE could significantly inhibit the ear edema caused by xylene in mice, granuloma hyperplasia caused by cotton in rats. It could significantly prolong the pain threshold on hot-plate in mice, reduce the writhing times in mice. The LD50 of PRE was 6. 371 8 g/kg, its 95% confident limit was 5. 408 4-7. 723 2 g/kg. CONCLUSION: PRE has obvious effect on anti-inflammation and analgesia and the lower acute toxicity.
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Objective To discuss mammographic findings and pathologic foundation of the fat necrosis of the breast and to improve the imaging diagnosis of the fat necrosis of the breast. Methods The mammographic findings of 91 cases with pathologically proved breast fat necrosis were retrospectively analyzed, of which 2 cases were bilateral breast fat necrosis, and a comparison with pathological results was made. Results The mammographic findings included (1)No abnomal mammographic findings (n=14, 15.4%);(2) Single and multiple lipid-cysts (n=6, 6.6%);(3) Masses (n=20, 22.0%), of which 1 case was bilateral breast mass;(4) Nodules (n=13, 14.3%);(5) Focal opacities like stars or pieces in the subcutaneous fat layer (n=28, 30.8%), of which 1 case was bilateral breast lesion;(6) Faint reticular opacity in the subcutaneous fat layer (n=5, 5.5%);(7) Structure distortion (n=5, 5.5%). The location of the liesions:(1) 55 lesions located in fat layer;(2) 13 lesions standed out to the fat layer or located the boundary of the fat layer and breast parenchyma. When routine mammography demonstrated the disease located the boundary of the fat layer and breast parenchyma, there will be helpful with tangent location mammography to show the disease in the subcutaneous fat layer;(3) 9 lesions located in the breast parenchyma;(4) 14 lesions did not find abnormity in the mammography. The pathologic appearance (1) A lipid cyst is the characteristic mammographic finding in the early stage of the lesion;(2) Asymmetry density masses or nodules in the subcutaneous fat layer is the characteristic mammographic finding in the metaphase stage of the lesion, which hinted necrotic fatty tissue gradually be replaced by fibrous tissue;(3) Focal opacities like stars and irregular reticulation findings in the subcutaneous fat layer or superficial layer adenoid tissues are the characteristic mammographic findings in the later stage of the lesion, which hinted that necrotic fatty tissue was licked up, circumference remained some fibrous tissue.The mammographic findings of the different pathological stages often appear in the same time. Conclusion The mammographic findings of fat necrosis of breast was different in its different stage. The mammography is very helpful for making the diagnosis of breast fat necrosis.
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Objective To discuss the value of the mammography in the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and guidelines ofthe operation.Methods 107 pathologically proved DCIS were retrospectively reviewed.Results There were 62 microcacifications(57.9%),the range of microcacifications was varied , of them,13 were masses or local compact with microcacifications ; 17 were localized infiltration and bad structure (15.9%);20 were masses (18.7%) ;1 papillae enhancement (0.9%),7 were normal(6.5%).Conclusion Multiplicity microcacifications are the most frequently appearance of X-ray in DCIS;mammography could find the early microcarcinoma and the early carcinoma , especially the DCIS ; mammography could exactly reflect the multifocus , it is of value in confirming the range of the operation.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the bacterial endotoxin test of nicardipine hydrochloride glucose injection.METHODS:The bacterial endotoxin test was carried out according to the bacterial endotoxin test in the addenda of China Pharmacopeia 2005 edition(second part).RESULTS:Nicardipine hydrochloride glucose injection showed interference on the bacterial endotoxin test when water was taken as solvent.The preliminary interference test and interference test revealed that using thinnerⅠas solvent,the sample injection in over 4-fold dilution had no interference on the bacterial endotoxin test.CONCLUSIONS:It is feasible for bacterial endotoxin test of nicardipine hydrochloride glucose injection be conducted in a limit value of 0.5 EU?mL-1.The bacterial endotoxin text can substitute pyrogen test in the detection of nicardipine hydrochloride glucose injection.