Observation of the Curative Effect of the Dexamethasone Vitreous Cavity Implant for the Treatment of Irvine-Gass Syndrome / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of dexamethasone vitreous cavity implants (Ozurdex) for the treatment of macular edema (Irvine-Gass Syndrome) after cataract surgery.@*METHOD@#Eight patients (eight eyes) with Irvine-Gass syndrome were enrolled for vitreous injections with Ozurdex. The patients included six men (six eyes) and two women (two eyes) with a mean age of 67.12 ± 11.92 years. Changes in the patients best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and intraocular pressure were compared before and after treatment.@*RESULT@#The mean visual acuity BCVA of the patients was 0.81 ± 0.26 before implantation, which improved to 0.20 ± 0.12, 0.13 ± 0.09, and 0.15 ± 0.13 at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after implantation, respectively ( P < 0.001). The patient's mean CMT before implantation was 703.00 ± 148.88 μm, and it reduced to 258.87 ± 37.40 μm, 236.25 ± 28.74 μm, and 278.00 ± 76.82 μm at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after implantation, respectively ( P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The dexamethasone vitreous cavity implant (Ozurdex) is a safe and effective treatment, which can effectively improve patient's visual acuity and reduce macular edema associated with cataract surgery.

Di'ao Xinxuekang alleviates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by up-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

The present study investigated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Di'ao Xinxuekang(DXXK) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) in mice. Sixty-five C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into a normal group and an experimental group for model induction with the high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Then the mice in the experimental group were randomly divided into a model group, an atorvastatin group(4 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and high-(200 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), medium-(60 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and low-dose(20 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) DXXK groups, with 10 mice in each group. Drugs were administered by gavage for eight weeks. Serum lipid, liver lipid, serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione reductase(GSH-Px) were determined. Interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The liver index was calculated. The liver pathological change and lipid accumulation were observed by HE and oil red O staining. The liver ultrastructure was observed by the transmission electron microscope. The mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) was detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that compared with the normal group, the model group displayed serum lipid and liver lipid metabolism disorders, elevated transaminase, lipid deposition, steatosis, and inflammation, suggesting that the NASH model in mice was properly induced. Compared with the model group, the DXXK groups showed decreased serum lipid, liver lipid, ALT, AST, MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α, increased SOD and GSH-Px, alleviated hepatic steatosis, ballooning, and inflammation, and up-regulated Nrf2 and HO-1 gene and protein expression. In conclusion, DXXK can significantly alleviate NASH in mice, which is related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory damage by up-regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Animal Models of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is a metabolic stress-induced liver injury characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes， which is closely related to insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility. It falls into the category of "liver lump" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. NAFLD affects about 25% of the population worldwide and has become a major burden of the world health care system. However， its exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Conducting the basic research on NAFLD is of great clinical significance and social value. As an important tool for NAFLD research， animal model plays a particularly important role in clarifying the pathophysiological mechanism of NAFLD. In recent years， the modeling methods for NAFLD in China and abroad have been constantly updated， and in particular， certain progress has been made in the duplication of TCM syndrome models. By consulting and sorting out the relevant literature published in recent years in China and abroad， the author summarized the replication methods of NAFLD animal models. This paper reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of models established via dietary induction （high-fat feed， high-fat and high-fructose feed， high-fat and high-cholesterol feed， and methionine choline-deficient feed）， models with genetic defects ［leptin-deficiency （Lepob/Lepob）， autosomal recessive diabetes gene homozygous deficiency （ob/ob）， Alms1 gene （foz/foz） mutation， and FATZO mice］ and exposure to special diets， and models for TCM syndromes （liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome， phlegm-dampness syndrome， blood stasis syndrome， combined phlegm and stasis syndrome， and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome）， in order to provide reference for the preparation of more scientific， reasonable， economical， and convenient animal models of NAFLD， thus laying a foundation for in-depth study of the pathogenesis， prevention， and treatment of NAFLD.

Health self-assessment of the migrant workers received physical examination in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective:To understand the health self-assessment and related influencing factors in the migrant workers who received of physical examination in Shanghai， so as to provide reference for formulating health service policies for migrant workers. Methods:Taking Shanghai "Intelligent Blue Collar" Health Science Popularization Service Station as the investigation site， 8，100 urban workers were surveyed by questionnaire. The questionnaire includes basic information， health self-assessment， basic medical insurance coverage and satisfaction， subjective well-being and so on. Results:There were significant differences between migrant workers and local workers in health self-assessment， two-week disease prevalence rate， and chronic disease prevalence rate（χ2=32.981，P<0.05；χ2=4.554，P<0.05；χ2=86.695，P<0.05）. The differences between migrant workers and local workers were also significant in the basic medical insurance coverage rate and the level of satisfaction （χ2=221.592，P<0.05；χ2=30.950，P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in subjective well-being between these two groups（χ2=8.787，P>0.05）. The health self-assessment of older migrant workers was significantly better than that of new generation migrant workers（β=0.062，P<0.05）， and was significantly worse in female migrant workers than that in male migrant workers（β=-0.120，P<0.05）. The health self-assessment was significantly better in migrant workers with agricultural household registration than that in non-agricultural household registration（β=0.060，P<0.05）. The higher the satisfaction of basic medical insurance，the higher the subjective well-being and the better the health self-assessment（β=0.148，P<0.05；β=0.422，P<0.05）. Conclusion:The health status of migrant workers in Shanghai who received physical examination is better than that of local workers， and the participation rate of basic medical insurance is lower than that of local workers. Age， gender and household registration are the important factors influencing the health self-assessment. Satisfaction with basic medical insurance level and subjective well-being is a significant factor to predict health self-assessment positively . We should further improve the fairness of medical insurance benefits for migrant workers， improve subjective well-being， and ensure the health fairness of the group.

Molecular epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat food in 2017 in China / 中华预防医学杂志

To analyze the molecular characteristics of strains from ready-to eat food in China. A total of 239 strains isolated from ready-to-eat food in 2017, all strains underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) , and comparisons uncovered population structure derived from lineages, clonal complex, serogroups, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence, which were inferred in silico from the WGS data. Core genome multilocus sequence typing was used to subtype isolates. All strains were categorized into three different lineages, lineage Ⅱ was the predominant types in food, and IIa was the main serogroups. CC8, CC101 and CC87 were the first three prevalent CCs among 23 detected CCs, accounting for 49.4%. Only 4.6% (11 isolates) of tested strains harbored antibiotic resistance genes, which were mostly trimethoprim genes (7 isolates, 2.9%). All strains were positive for LIPI-1, and only a part of strains harbored LIPI-3 and LIPI-4, accounting for 13.8% (33 isolates) and 14.2% (34 isolates), respectively. ST619 carried both LIPI-3 and LIPI-4. 51.5% (123 isolates) of strains carried SSI-1, and all CC121 strains harbored SSI-2. Different lineages, serogroups and CCs can be separated obviously through cgMLST analysis, and 24 sublineages were highly concordant with CCs. Ⅱa was the main serogroups in ready-to-eat food isolates in China; CC8, CC101 and CC87 were the prevalent CCs, and CC87 isolates was hypervirulent isolates, cgMLST method can be adopted for prospective foodborne disease surveillance and outbreaks detection.

Application of Neuromodulation Technique in Treatment of Aphasia (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Aphasia is the most common language communication disorder after stroke, which has a great impact on the work, life and social interaction of patients. The mechanism of brain recovery in aphasia is mainly to restore language function by regulating the synaptic plasticity of the brain and remolding the network of language function areas. Neuromodulation techniques based on brain network remodeling have been shown to be effective at the early and recovery stages of aphasia. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and mirror neuron therapy (MNT) are neuromodulation techniques that have been developed rapidly in recent years. They can directly or indirectly affect the cerebral cortex by electrical or chemical means, causing cortical excitability changes in the relevant language functional areas, so as to improve the language function of aphasic patients (listening comprehension, picture naming, repetition, daily communication, etc.). tDCS, as a safe, convenient and non-invasive neuro-regulation technology, can regulate the activity of brain neurons through different currents and electrode placement to treat aphasia, and the effect has remained in the follow-up. TMS technology is safe and non-invasive. Through the selection of different frequencies, stimulation sites, it can activate the corresponding cerebral cortex and subcortical axons, and improve the language function of aphasia patients. The damaged language network can be repaired and reshaped by activating mirror neurons, so as to improve the language functions of patients, such as naming, repetition, listening and comprehension. The relationship between mirror neurons and motor, sensation and language can be used as entry point for treatment of aphasia. The application of neuromodulation techniques to neuroelectrophysiology and neuroimaging has become a new direction in treatment of aphasia.

Panax Notoginseng Flower Extracted by Methanol on Platelet Function in Healthy Human in Vitro / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To evaluate the effects of methanol extract of Panax Notoginseng flower（PNFM）on platelet function in healthy human.【Methods】Platelet rich plasma were separated from venous blood of healthy volunteers and incubated with different concentrations（0，100，300 and 500 μg/mL）of PNFM for 20 min. After using ADP as agonist， granule-secretion were tested by CD62P expression and ATP release；integrin-αIIbβ3 activation was examined by PAC-1； Test platelet aggregation by turbidimetry ；Immunofluorescence examine platelet spreading on fibrinogen ；Changes in cytoplasmic calcium was studied using Fluo 3-AM，calcium ionophore. 【Results】After using ADP as agonist ，PNFM significantly inhibited platelet aggregation，compared to the control group（72.00±6.08），the 500μg/mL group decreased to 35.67±3.78（P<0.01）；Compared to the control group（30.05±6.48），PNFM reduced the CD62P expression on platelet surface，the 500 μg/mL group decreased to 2.66±0.90（P<0.001）；PNFM inhibited the expression of PAC-1 as a marker of the integrin- αIIbβ3 comformation，compared to the control group（33.37 ± 8.12），the 500 μg/mL group decreased to 11.89±6.12（P<0.01）；Compared to the control group（1.93±0.47），all dose groups attenuated platelet ATP release，the 500 μg/mL group decreased to 35.67±3.78（P<0.01）；Results demonstrated that 500 μg/mL PNFM markedly decreases the surface area of the spreading platelets（89.57±17.34 to 25.12±3.52，P<0.001），and all doses were affected；The Ca2 + mobilization was also reduced by all PNFM doses，compared to the control group（183.87 ± 11.59），the 500 μg/mL group was decreased to 71.25±5.33（P<0.001）.【Conclusions】PNFM attenuated platelet activation，spreading，and aggregation； Our results provided new ideas for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Regulation of extracellular ATP onchlorophyll content and fluorescence characteristics of Angelica sinensis seedlings under drought and low temperature stress / 中国中药杂志

As an important signal molecule, extracellular ATP(eATP) can regulate many physiological and biochemical responses to plant stress. In this study, the regulation of extracellular ATP(eATP) on chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Angelica sinensis seedlings were studied under drought and low temperature stress. The results showed that all the chlorophyll content, the actual photochemical efficiency [Y(Ⅱ)], the electron transfer rate(ETR), the photochemical quenching coefficient(qP and qL) of A. sinensis leaves were significantly decreased under drought and low temperature stress, respectively. At the same time, non-photochemical quenching(NPQ and qN) were also all significantly increased, respectively. The application of eATP alleviated the decrease of chlorophyll content, Y(Ⅱ), ETR, qP and qL of A. sinensis leaves under drought and low temperature stress, and eliminated the increase of qN and NPQ. The results indicated that eATP could effectively increase the open ratio of PSⅡ reaction centers, and improve the electron transfer rate and light energy conversion efficiency of PSⅡ of A. sinensis leaves under drought and low temperature stress. It is beneficial to enhance the chlorophyll synthesis and the adaptability of PSⅡ about A. sinensis seedlings to drought and low temperature stress.

Value of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase combined with direct bilirubin in the diagnosis of biliary atresia in infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the value of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) combined with direct bilirubin (DB) in the diagnosis of biliary atresia.@*METHODS@#A total of 667 infants with cholestasis who were hospitalized and treated from July 2010 to December 2018 were enrolled as subjects. According to the results of intraoperative cholangiography and follow-up, they were divided into biliary atresia group with 234 infants and cholestasis group with 433 infants. The two groups were compared in terms of age of onset, sex, and serum levels of total bilirubin (TB), DB, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bile acid (TBA), and GGT. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for indices with statistical significance, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and the optimal cut-off value for diagnosis were calculated.@*RESULTS@#The biliary atresia group had a significantly younger age of onset than the cholestasis group (P0.05), while the biliary atresia group had significantly higher serum levels of TB, DB, TBA, and GGT than the cholestasis group (P<0.05). GGT combined with DB had the highest AUC of 0.892 (95% confidence interval: 0.868-0.916) in the diagnosis of biliary atresia. At the optimal cut-off values of 324.0 U/L for GGT and 115.1 μmmol/L for DB, GGT combined with DB had a sensitivity of 79.8% and a specificity of 83.2% in the diagnosis of biliary atresia.@*CONCLUSIONS@#GGT combined with DB has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of biliary atresia and can be used as an effective indicator for diagnosis of biliary atresia in infants.

Efficacy of Kangshuailing Gao on benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the effect of Kangshuailing Gao (KG) on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats and its action mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty BPH model rats were randomized into five groups of equal number, BPH model control, finasteride control, and high-, medium- and low-dose KG, to be treated intragastrically with distilled water, finasteride solution at 0.52 mg/kg, and KG solution at 4.16, 2.08 and 1.04 g/kg respectively once a day for 30 days consecutively. Another 10 normal healthy rats were taken as blank controls. The rats were weighed once a week during the treatment. The wet weight and index of the prostate were obtained after treatment, followed by measurement of the contents of serum estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the prostatic tissue, and observation of histomorphological changes in the prostate under the light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the BPH model control group, high- and medium-dose KG significantly reduced the prostate wet weight (［0.84 ± 0.08］ vs ［0.69 ± 0.04］ and ［0.71 ± 0.07］ g, P < 0.01), the prostatic index (［0.28 ± 0.03］% vs ［0.20 ± 0.02］% and ［0.22 ± 0.03］%, P < 0.01), and the levels of T (［4.63 ± 1.25］ vs ［2.44 ± 0.47］ and ［2.91 ± 0.69］ ng/L, P < 0.01) and DHT (［154.44 ± 20.25］ vs ［88.23 ± 13.63］ and ［90.52 ± 16.44］ nmol/L, P < 0.01), but increased the level of E2 (［0.95 ± 0.24］ vs ［1.19 ± 0.14］ and ［1.20 ± 0.22］ nmol/L, P < 0.01) in the serum. High-dose KG remarkably reduced the overexpression of HIF-1α in the prostate tissue of the BPH model rats (P < 0.01) and alleviated such BPH-related symptoms as epithelium thinning, intraglandular secretion reduction, and interstitial substance decrease.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Kangshuailing Gao acted effectively on BPH in the model rats by reducing the androgen level, balancing the estrogen/androgen ratio, and downregulating the expression of HIF-1α in the prostate tissue.</p>

Physiological effects of cadmium stress on Astragalus membranaceus seedlings and alleviative effects of attapulgite clay on cadmium stress / 中国中药杂志

In this study we investigate the effects of cadmium stress on Astragalus membranaceus seedlings and the alleviative effects of attapulgite clay in growth substrate on cadmium stress to A. membranaceus seedlings. The results showed that the Y (Ⅱ) (effective photochemical quantum yield of PSⅡ photosynthetic), qP(photochemical quenching coefficient), ETR(the rate of non-cyclic electrontransport through PSⅡ), and chlorophyll content of the leaves were significantly decreased with the increase of cadmium concentrations, while the cadmium content, non-photochemical quenching(NPQ, qN) of the leaves and cadmium content, MDA content, plasma membrane permeability, and the damage degree of root apical membrane of the roots were significantly increased. Simultaneously, the activities of APX(ascorbate peroxidase), SOD(superoxide dismutase), POD(peroxidase), CAT(catalase), soluble protein content, and soluble sugar content of roots were increased first but then decreased with the increasing cadmium concentration. Under the condition of without Cd stress, the attapulgite clay into the growth substrate did not significantly affect above physiological indexes of leaves, but significantly increased SOD activity and soluble sugar content of roots and decreased the MDA content, damage degree of root apical membrane of roots, while other physiological indexes did not significantly change. Under cadmium stress, the presence of attapulgite clay in the growth substrate significantly alleviated the cadmium-induced decreases Y (Ⅱ), qP, ETR and chlorophyll content of leaves, and the CAT activity, soluble protein content, and soluble sugar content of roots. Under condition with cadmium stress, the presence of attapulgite clay significantly alleviated the cadmium-induced increases of leaves cadmium content, qN and NPQ, and the cadmium content, MDA content, plasma membrane permeability, damage degree of root apical membrane, SOD, POD, and APX activity of the roots. And, the alleviative effects of attapulgite clay on cadmium stress to A. membranaceus roots were more obvious with the increase of cadmium stress time. The above results showed that the addition of attapulgite clay into the growth substrate has certain alleviative effect on the cadmium stress to A. membranaceus seedlings.

Protective effects of glycyrrhizic acid against lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate protective effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) against lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice and explore its underlying mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty MRL/lpr mice were randomized equally into blank control group, dexamethasone (1.5 mg/kg) group, GA (20 mg/kg) group, and GA (40 mg/kg) group with corresponding treatments for 7 days, with 10 wild-type mice as the control group. Serum levels of uric acid and creatinine and inflammatory cytokines in the serum and kidney were tested after the treatments using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The pathological changes in the kidneys were detected using HE staining, and the protein expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, p-NF-κB, NF-κB, p-IκBα, and IκBα were detected with Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GA obviously decreased serum levels of uric acid and creatinine, decreased inflammatory cytokines in the serum and kidney, ameliorated renal pathologies and inhibited the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, p-NF-κB, and p-IκBα proteins in MRL/lpr mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GA has protective effects against lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice.</p>

Relationship Between ABO Blood Group and Acute Non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Occurrence / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship between ABO blood group and acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) occurrence. Methods: Our research included 2 groups: NSTEMI group, 1039 relevant patients treated in Anzhen hospital from 2013-01 to 2014-12 were retrospectively enrolled; Control group, 1039 subjects with normal coronary artery which was confirmed by coronary angiography. The Baseline condition including age, previous disease history and ABO blood group was studied. Logistic regression model was used to conduct single and multivariate analysis. Results: In NSTEMI group and Control group, blood type A was 287/1039 (27.6％) vs 259 (24.9％), type B was 345 (33.3％) vs 356 (34.3％), type AB was 102 (9.8％) vs 114 (11.0％) and type O was 305 (29.4％) vs 310 (29.8％), ABO blood group distribution for A and non-A, B and non-B, AB and non-AB blood group, O and non-O had no statistic meaning between 2 groups, P>0.05. Logistic regression analysis indicated that with adjusted risk factors of MI such as age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipemia, cerebrovascular disease and smoking, the patients with blood types A, B and AB had the similar risk for NSTEMI occurrence than type O patients; there was no relationship between ABO blood group and NSTEMI occurrence. Conclusion: ABO blood group had no relationship to NSTEMI occurrence.

Relationship Between ABO Blood Group and Acute Non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Occurrence / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship between ABO blood group and acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) occurrence. Methods: Our research included 2 groups: NSTEMI group, 1039 relevant patients treated in Anzhen hospital from 2013-01 to 2014-12 were retrospectively enrolled; Control group, 1039 subjects with normal coronary artery which was confirmed by coronary angiography. The Baseline condition including age, previous disease history and ABO blood group was studied. Logistic regression model was used to conduct single and multivariate analysis. Results: In NSTEMI group and Control group, blood type A was 287/1039 (27.6％) vs 259 (24.9％), type B was 345 (33.3％) vs 356 (34.3％), type AB was 102 (9.8％) vs 114 (11.0％) and type O was 305 (29.4％) vs 310 (29.8％), ABO blood group distribution for A and non-A, B and non-B, AB and non-AB blood group, O and non-O had no statistic meaning between 2 groups, P>0.05. Logistic regression analysis indicated that with adjusted risk factors of MI such as age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipemia, cerebrovascular disease and smoking, the patients with blood types A, B and AB had the similar risk for NSTEMI occurrence than type O patients; there was no relationship between ABO blood group and NSTEMI occurrence. Conclusion: ABO blood group had no relationship to NSTEMI occurrence.

The Survey of Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterbacter sakazakii) in Infant and Follow-up Powdered Formula in China in 2012 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine Cronobacter spp. contamination in infant and follow-up powdered formula in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All of 2282 samples were collected from the retail markets in China from January 2012 to December 2012, and analyzed for Cronobacter spp. by the Chinese National Food Safety Standard. Characterization of the isolates was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with XbaI and SpeI restriction enzymes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cronobacter spp. strains were isolated from 25 samples, and the positive rates in infant powdered formulas and follow-up powdered formulas were 0.90% (10/1011) and 1.18% (15/1271), respectively. Analysis of variable data regarding different purchasing store formats, seasonality, and production locations as well as comparison of infant versus follow-up formulas did not reveal statistically significant factors. During the sampling period, one of six surveillance zones did exhibit a statistically significant trend towards higher positive rate. PFGE characterization of Cronobacter spp. to elucidate genetic diversity revealed only three pairs of Cronobacter spp. out of 25 having the same PFGE patterns.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The current investigation indicated a lower positive rate of Cronobacter spp. in the powdered formula in China. This evidence suggested contamination originating from multiple different sources during the manufacturing process.</p>

SIC algorithm based model updating for near infrared analysis of Salvia miltiorrhiza alcohol extraction process / 中国中药杂志

The near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for offline monitoring of alcohol extraction process of Salvia miltiorrhiza was investigated, with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of value for reference. The partial least squares method was adopted to establish the tanshinone ⅡA quantitative calibration model, so as to detect extraction process of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Because the differences between batches of raw materials may endanger the robustness of the original model, the simple interval calculation (SIC) was applied in updating the near-infrared quantitative model for traditional Chinese medicine extraction process for the first time, and compared with Random Selection (RS) method. SIC's final updating results showed that root mean square with cross validation (RMSECV), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and residual predictive deviation (RPD) of tanshinone ⅡA were 0.006 8 g•L⁻¹, 0.005 4 g•L⁻¹ and 3.14, respectively; but RS' final updating results showed that RMSECV, RMSEP and RPD were 0.006 4 g•L⁻¹, 0.006 8 g•L⁻¹ and 2.50, respectively. This study suggested that SIC is superior to RS, and provided a research foundation for quality control and monitoring of S. miltiorrhiza extraction process in the future.

Adjuvant effect of flavored Siwu granules for phlegm and blood stasis mutual junction retinal vein occlusion / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the effect of flavored Siwu granules in the clinical adjuvant treatment for phlegm and blood stasis mutual junction retinal vein occlusion. METHODS: Sixty patients (60 eyes) were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, both with retinal laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide, but the treatment group used flavored siwu granules. Vision, fundus change, fundus fluorescein angiography, clinical syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ), hemorheology examination and safety assessment were evaluated before and 8wk after treatment. RESULTS: At 8wk after treatment, there were differences on vision improvement, retinal circulation time, whole blood low shear viscosity and total efficient rate of clinical syndrome of TCM, compared with control group(PCONCLUSION: Flavored siwu granules adjuvant for phlegm and blood stasis mutual junction retinal vein occlusion can improve visual acuity and reduce the eye complications.

Rapid multi-elemental analysis on four precious Tibetan medicines based on LIBS technique / 中国中药杂志

The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to perform a qualitative elementary analysis on four precious Tibetan medicines, i. e. Renqing Mangjue, Renqing Changjue, 25-herb coral pills and 25-herb pearl pills. The specific spectra of the four Tibetan medicines were established. In the experiment, Nd: YAG and 1 064 nm-baseband pulse laser were adopted to collect the spectra. A laser beam focused on the surface of the samples to generate plasma. Its spectral signal was detected by using spectrograph. Based on the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) database, LIBS spectral lines were indentified. The four Tibetan medicines mainly included Ca, Na, K, Mg and other elements and C-N molecular band. Specifically, Fe was detected in Renqing Changjue and 25-herb pearl pills; heavy mental elements Hg and Cu were shown in Renqing Mangjue and Renqing Changjue; Ag was found in Renqing Changjue. The results demonstrated that LIBS is a reliable and rapid multi-element analysis on the four Tibetan medicines. With Real-time, rapid and nondestructive advantages, LIBS has a wide application prospect in the element analysis on ethnic medicines.

Bicyclol combined with ganciclovir for treatment of infantile cytomegalovirus hepatitis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effects of bicyclol combined with ganciclocir on infantile cytomegalovirus hepatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy infants with cytomegalovirus hepatitis were randomized into treatment group (n=35) and control group (n=35) for a 2-week-long treatment with ganciclocir (5 mg/kg) with and without oral bicyclol (3 mg/kg, twice daily), respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In both groups, significant changes occurred in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum total bilirubin, serum total bile acid, and glutamyl transpeptidase after the 2-week treatment (P<0.01); these parameters differed significantly between the two groups after the treatment (P<0.01). Compared with those in the control group, the infants in the treatment group showed significantly better responses to the treatment (P<0.05) with a significantly higher rate of serum anti CMV IgM negativity (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bicyclol combined with ganciclocir can reduce glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and serum total bilirubin, and decrease bile acid levels to lessen liver cell damage and promote the recovery of liver cells.</p>

Treatment of acute retinal necrosis syndrome / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

?Acute retinal necrosis syndrome ( ARN) is a serious eye disease, which caused by Herpes virus mostly, with unknown pathogenesis. Because of the aggressive progression, treatment of ARN is difficult, and the blindness rate is extremely high. Current treatment strategies are the combination of the drug therapy and the operative treatment. Drugs commonly used are antiviral drugs, glucocorticoids, and antiplatelet drugs, and the operative treatment includes laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy.