Effect of Xuanfei Zhisou Prescription on IL-17 Signaling Pathway in COPD Model Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Xuanfei Zhisou prescription on the interleukin-17 （IL-17） signaling pathway in model rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. MethodA total of 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank group （10 rats） and a model group （50 rats）， and COPD model rats were established by tracheal infusion of lipopolysaccharide combined with passive fumigation. After modeling， the rats were divided into the model group， dexamethasone group， and high， medium， and low-dose Xuanfei Zhisou prescription groups （3.6， 1.8， 0.9 g·kg-1·d-1） according to the random number table. Rats in the blank group and model group were given normal saline of 10 mL·kg-1·d-1 by gavage administration， and the intervention groups of Xuanfei Zhisou prescription were given corresponding drugs. Rats in the dexamethasone group were given dexamethasone of 2.57×10-4 g·kg-1·d-1 for 28 days. The level of pulmonary function indexes in rats was measured by a pulmonary function detector. The contents of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-8 （IL-8）， IL-17， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The positive expressions of IL-17A， IL-17RA， nuclear factor-κB activator 1 （Act1）， tumor necrosis factor-associated factor 6 （TRAF6）， p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p-p38 MAPK）， nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65）， and phosphorylation were detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The protein expression levels of IL-17A， IL-17RA， Act1， and TRAF6 in the lung tissue were detected by Western blot. The mRNA expressions of IL-17A， IL-17RA， Act1， and TRAF6 in the lung tissue were detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the blank group， the serum contents of IL-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-1β， and TNF-α in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.05）， and the flow rate and volume indexes of pulmonary function in the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while the time indexes and other indexes were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-17A， IL-17RA， Act1， and TRAF6 in pulmonary tissue and the positive expressions of downstream NF-κB p65， p-NF-κB p65， and p-p38 MAPK were increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the levels of IL-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-1β， and TNF-α in the serum of all treatment groups were decreased to varying degrees （P<0.05）， and the indexes of pulmonary function were improved to different degrees （P<0.05）. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-17A， IL-17RA， Act1， and TRAF6 and the positive expression of downstream NF-κB p65， p-NF-κB p65， and p-p38 MAPK in high and medium-dose Xuanfei Zhisou prescription groups were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. ConclusionXuanfei Zhisou prescription can effectively resist inflammation of COPD rats. The mechanism may be related to down-regulating the protein expression of IL-17A， IL-17RA， Act1， and TRAF6， inhibiting downstream NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways， and reducing the release of IL-6， IL-8， TNF-α， IL-17， and IL-1β， thus reducing the airway inflammation response.

Interactivity of obesity and central obesity on hypertension in Wuwei of Gansu province / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the interaction between obesity and diabetes, obesity and central obesity, central obesity and diabetes on hypertension.Methods:A questionnaire survey on 7 622 residents of Han Chinese ethnicity, aged 35-75 years, of Liangzhou district of Wuwei city were performed using multi-stage random sampling method in September to December 2018. Relative excess risk due to interaction, attributable proportion, synergy index, and 95% CI of the three were used to evaluate the additive interaction. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the multiplicative interaction. Results:Among the 7 622 residents, hypertension was detected in 3 212 residents, with a crude prevalence rate of 42.14% and a standardized incidence of 33.81%. There was a significant difference in incidence of hypertension between residents of different sexes, between residents at different ages, between obese residents and normal weight residents, between residents who had central obesity and those who had no central obesity, between residents who smoked and those who did not, between residents of different family economic situations, between residents who had different occupations, and between residents who had diabetes and those who had no diabetes (all P < 0.05). Getting primary, middle, and high school education was a protective factor against hypertension, while obesity, central obesity, diabetes, male gender, age greater than 45 years were the risk factors for hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was no additive interaction between obesity and diabetes, obesity and central obesity, central obesity and diabetes on hypertension. There was a multiplicative interaction between obesity and central obesity on hypertension ( P = 0.031, 95% CI: 0.53-0.97) and the interaction was antagonistic, but there were no multiplicative interaction between obesity and diabetes, central obesity and diabetes on hypertension. Conclusion:There was a negative multiplicative interaction between obesity and central obesity on hypertension.

Interaction between obesity/central obesity and hypertension / 预防医学

Objective@#To examine the effects of obesity and central obesity on hypertension, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control measures of hypertension.@*Methods@#From September to December 2018, residents at ages of 35 to 75 years were sampled using the multi-stage random sampling method in Baiyin District, Baiyin City, Gansu Province, and subjected to questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. The interaction between obesity/central obesity and hypertension was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. The synergy index ( SI ), relative excess risk due to interaction ( RERI ) and attributable proportion due to interaction ( AP ) were calculated using Excel compiled by Andersson et al.@*Results@#A total of 6 246 questionnaires were allocated and 6 169 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.77%. The respondents included 3 038 men ( 49.25% ) and 3 131 women (50.75%), with a mean age of ( 52.05±8.78 ) years. There were 832 respondents with obesity ( 13.49% ) and 2 278 with central obesity ( 36.93% ). The crude and standardized prevalence rates of hypertension were 35.89% and 33.05%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that obesity ( OR=2.020, 95%CI: 1.705-2.393 ) and central obesity ( OR=1.622, 95%CI: 1.433-1.836 ) were statistically associated with hypertension. There was no multiplicative interaction between obesity or central obesity and hypertension ( OR=1.011, 95%CI: 0.655-1.560 ), and no additive interaction was detected between obesity or central obesityand hypertension ( SI=1.405, 95%CI: 0.815-2.424; RERI=0.658, 95%CI: -0.298 to 1.614; AP=0.201, 95%CI: -0.075 to 0.476 ).@*Conclusions@#Obesity and central obesity increase the risk of hypertension; however, no interaction is detected between obesity or central obesity and hypertension.

Observation on therapeutic effects of different energy densities of enteral nutrition preparations on mechanical ventilation patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of different energy densities of enteral nutrition (EN) preparations on mechanical ventilation (MV) patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods Sixty MV patients with acute sTBI admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Hangzhou Xiaoshan District First People's Hospital from July 2015 to December 2017 were divided into two groups according to different energy densities of nutritional preparations. Thirty patients of the control group were given nasal feeding with standard energy density EN (energy density 3.35 - 4.19 kJ/mL) and 30 patients of the observation group were given nasal feeding with relatively higher energy density (energy density 5.44 - 6.28 kJ/mL). The indexes of nutritional status between the two groups before and after treatment were compared: including prealbumin (PA), albumin (Alb), globulin (Glo), hemoglobin (Hb), 5-day and 1-week heat calorie compliance rates of reaching target calories, MV time and incidence of complications. Results There were no statistically significant differences in nutritional indicators before treatment between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The compliance rates of reaching target calories of the observation group on the 5 and 7 days after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group [5 days: 66.67% (20/30) vs. 50.00% (15/30), 1 week: 81.33% (25/30) vs. 70.00% (21/30), both P < 0.05], and the MV time was significantly lower than that in the control group (hours: 92.48±12.04 vs. 128.88±16.29, P < 0.05); the levels of PA, Alb, Hb, Glo were significantly higher in the observation group than those in control group on the 21st day after treatment [PA (g/L): 0.28±0.11 vs. 0.15±0.04, Alb (g/L): 36.52±5.79 vs. 29.63±2.74, Hb (g/L): 92.40±9.50 vs. 81.10±8.60, Glo (g/L): 24.42±1.73 vs. 18.19±3.59, all P < 0.05]. Complications: the total incidence of abdominal distension, diarrhea and constipation of the observation group was 36.6% (11/30), while that of the control group was 66.7% (20/30), the difference between the two groups being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion High energy density enteral nutrition can improve the nutritional status of the organisms of MV patients with acute sTBI, reduce the time of MV and the incidence of complications, thus it is worthy to be widely applied clinically.

Serum biomarkers of unstable carotid plaque / 国际脑血管病杂志

Carotid atherosclerosis,especially unstable carotid plaque,is closely related to stroke.Serum biomarkers have unique value for screening and identifying high-risk carotid plaque.This article reviews the serum biomarkers of unstable carotid plaque.

Inflammatory bowel disease related cerebral venous thrombosis / 国际脑血管病杂志

Cerebral venous thrombosis, as a rare extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease, is often neglected in the course of clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the advances in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease related cerebral venous thrombosis.

Application of combined therapy based on the principle of machanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure induced by aspiratory pneumonia / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the application of combined therapy based on the principle of machanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure by aspiratory pneumonia.Methods 32 cases of acute respiratory failure induced by aspiratory pneumonia were collected by retrospective analysis.Results With the combined therapy based on the principle of machanical ventilation,30 patients take a favorable turn.Conclusion With the therapy of anti-infection,energetic respiratory support,nutrition support etc,the patients'prognosis suffering from acute respiratory failure by cerebral apoplexy with aspimtory pneumonia ale fine.

Application of multi-slice spiral CT angiography in diagnosis of cerebral vascular diseases / 中国基层医药

Objective To evaluate the application of multi-slice CT angiography(MSCTA) in cerebral vascular diseases.Methods 16-slice spiral CT angiography of 32 patients which clinically suspected cerebrovascular diseases were analyzed retrospectively.Source images were processed by GE Lightspeed CT Scanner;all axial images were transferred to an external workstation.The reconstructed images were processed VR,MPR,MIP in working-station.Results 10 of the 32 patients were normal, 17 were aneurysms,could be clearly displayed with the source, size,and neck width.3 were AVM,the location and scope could be observed.2 were vaso-occlusive.Conclusion Multislice spiral CT angiography is a safe ,quick and noninvasive method in diagnosing the cerebrovascular disease,it may be proposed as a first choice technique for screening and preoperative assessment for cerebrovascular disease.CTA is a valuable diagnostic method for various intracranial cerebral disease.