RESUMO
Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of childhood infectious diseases in a single center in Beijing City from 2007 to 2021, and to provide scientific basis for the management of infectious diseases in hospitals.Methods:The clinical data of outpatients or inpatients aged<18 years old with infectious diseases recorded in the Nationwide Health Information-based Disease Control and Prevention Information System of Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2021 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the types of infectious diseases, population distribution, time distribution characteristics, as well as the etiological characteristics of major infectious diseases.Results:There were 219 260 cases reported, accounting for 5.73‰(219 260/38 295 800) of the total number of hospital cases, with two peaks of 25 469 and 22 928 cases in 2010 and 2019, respectively. The main category of infectious diseases was class C, accounting for 77.51%(169 947/219 260). According to the classification of transmission routes, fecal-oral transmission infectious diseases were the most common, with 144 712 cases (66.00%), followed by air and droplet transmission infectious diseases with 73 946 cases (33.73%), showing an increasing trend by year. The top five diseases in terms of incidence were hand, foot and mouth disease (114 864 cases), influenza (28 703 cases), varicella (22 190 cases), other infectious diarrheal diseases (21 040 cases) and scarlet fever (11 500 cases). Among the 219 260 children, there were 131 546 males and 87 714 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5 to 1. Children aged≤6 years old comprised the majority, with a total of 189 593 cases (86.47%). The peak period of infectious diseases reporting was from May to July. Hand, foot and mouth disease was mainly caused by Coxsackie virus A16(35.02%(1 258/3 592)), while Coxsackie virus A6 had been increasing rapidly since 2017. The main pathogen of influenza was influenza A virus (62.18%(7 400/11 900)), while other infectious diarrhea was mainly caused by rotavirus (87.55%(4 283/4 892)).Conclusions:There is an intermittent outbreak in the incidence of childhood infectious diseases, and air and droplet transmission infectious diseases have shown an upward trend in recent years. Hand, foot and mouth disease, influenza, varicella, other infectious diarrheal diseases and scarlet fever are the main infectious diseases affecting children. Different diseases have the characteristics of age and onset season. The prevention and control of infectious diseases should be updated gradually according to the epidemic trend. Proper protection should be taken during peak seasons and for key populations.