Altered topological properties in white matter structural networks in patients with schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the changes of whole brain white matter ( WM) structural net-work topological property in patients with schizophrenia (SP) and the associations between WM networks to-pological efficiency and clinical variables in patients. Methods Deterministic tractography was used to con-struct the WM networks of 59 patients with SP ( patients group) and 41 age-, handedness-, and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs),and graph theoretical methods were applied to investigate abnormalities in the global and nodal properties of the WM network in these patients. Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between global and nodal properties of the WM network and clinical variables in pa-tients with SP. Results Both the patients with SP and HCs showed small-world organization of the WM net-works. However,compared with HCs,the patients with SP exhibited significant abnormal global topology,in-cluding increased shortest path length ( t=7. 95, P=0. 0001) and decreased global efficiency ( 30. 83 ± 16. 08,8. 25±6. 13,t=-9. 81,P=0. 002),clustering coefficiency (0. 03±0. 01,0. 02±0. 01,t=-4. 48,P=0. 0003),the average clustering coefficiency (t=-8. 28,P=0. 002),the small-worldness (3. 92±0. 79,2. 79 ±0. 56,t=-7. 82,P=0. 001) of their WM structural networks(all P<0. 005,FDR corrected). Further,the patients with SP showed a reduction in nodal efficiency predominately in the cingulate gyrus ( t=-4. 11, P=0. 000),superior occipital gyrus ( t=-6. 05, P=0. 002), superior temporal gyrus ( t=-10. 46, P=0. 001),middle temporal gyrus (t=-10. 38,P=0. 000),thalamus (t=-6. 10,P=0. 000) and putamen ( t=-8. 38,P=0. 000) (P<0. 005,FDR corrected). Partial correlation results showed that there was no signifi-cant correlation between global topological properties,node efficiency and clinical symptoms in patients group (Eglob:r=-0. 14,P=0. 279;Eloc:r=-0. 06,P=0. 628;Lp:r=0. 28,P=0. 031;Cp:r=0. 27,P=0. 043;λ:r=-0. 18,P=0. 166;γ:r=-0. 29,P=0. 026;σ:r=0. 26,P=0. 048;nEglob:r=0. 36,P=0. 005;nEloc:r=0. 02,P=0. 901). Conclusions The patients with SP exhibit the abnormal of whole brain WM structural network topological property and the node efficiencies of cortico-striato-thalamo circuitry are significantly re-duced.

The association between polymorphism in rs2030324 and rs11030101 of BDNF and the patients with schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the association between the patients with schizophrenia and polymorphism in rs2030324 and rs11030101 of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).Methods 100 patients with schizophrenia and 100 normal controls were enrolled.The BDNF polymorphism (rs2030324 and rs11030101) and allele frequency were genotyped by sequencing the products of PCR.Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between patients and controls.Symptoms were assessed using the PANSS,and the relationship between the score of PANSS and the polymorphism of rs2030324 and rs11030101 was analyzed.Results There was statistically significance between schizophrenic patients and controls in the distribution of allele frequency in rs2030324(x2 =3.888,P=0.049) and rs11030101 (x2 =5.571,P=0.016).There was statistically significance between schizophrenic patients and controls in the distribution of implicit model in rs11030101 (x2=5.230,P=0.022).The score of PANSS negative symptoms of patients with SNPs rs11030101 different genotypes showed that A/T genotype was the highest(34.60±5.63) and T/T genotype was minimum (28.38±9.96),and the difference had statistical significance (F=4.868,P=0.010).Conclusion The polymorphism in rs2030324 and rs11030101 of BDNF is relate to the patients with schizophrenia among Han Chinese and their allele A increases the risk of illness.The SNP of rs11030101 may be associated with the clinical features of schizophrenia.

The association between axon guidance pathway single nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the susceptibility related sites to schizophrenia through whole genome analysis combined with bioinformatics analysis method.Methods The research was carried out by two stages.In the first stage,300 cases of schizophrenia and 300 healthy controls were enrolled,and 5ml pe-ripheral venous blood was drawn to extract genome DNA.After quality control and concentration adjustment by ultraviolet spectrophotometer,equal mass of DNA was mixed into DNA pooling for case group and control group respectively.Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 chips were used to detect the polymorphism of the SNP.Plink software was used to locate the differential SNP to genes.GSEA was used to analyze the gene to pathway.Ten loci with the smallest P value of screened pathway were chosen as investigated subjects.In the second stage,240 schizophrenias and 200 healthy controls were collected to gain the genome DNA to verity the genotype of the 10 loci.Results Many single nucleotide polymorphism loci which P<9.2×10-8were found in GWAS.The GSEA pathway analysis showed that the axon guidance pathway was significantly related to the incidence of schizophrenia.The distribution of rs4632195 genotypes involved the distribution of among 10 loci(χ2=11.484,P=0.003)and alleles(χ2=8.824,P=0.009)were statistically significant,and T al-lele was susceptibility genes of schizophrenia(OR=1.537,95%CI:1.157-2.203).Conclusion rs4632195 of DCC gene in the axon guidance pathway is associated with schizophrenia,and the T allele is associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia.

Determination of ginsenoside compound K in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of lithium adducts

Ginsenoside compound K (GCK), the main metabolite of protopanaxadiol constituents of Panax ginseng, easily produces alkali metal adduct ions during mass spectrometry particularly with lithium. Accordingly, we have developed a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for analysis of GCK in human plasma based on formation of a lithium adduct. The analyte and paclitaxel (internal standard) were extracted from 50 µL human plasma using methyl tert-butyl ether. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column (50 mm×2.0 mm; 5 μm) using stepwise gradient elution with acetonitrile-water and 0.2 mmol/L lithium carbonate at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Detection was performed in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions at m/z 629→449 for the GCK-lithium adduct and m/z 860→292 for the adduct of paclitaxel. The assay was linear in the concentration range 1.00-1000 ng/mL (r (2)>0.9988) with intra- and inter-day precision of ±8.4% and accuracy in the range of -4.8% to 6.5%. Recovery, stability and matrix effects were all satisfactory. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study involving administration of a single GCK 50 mg tablet to healthy Chinese volunteers.

Application and effect of aerobic exercise of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the application and effect of aerobic exercise of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Ninety-four hospitalized patients with COPD from June 2011 to June 2012 were enrolled.The clinical curative effect and safety of aerobic exercise of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD were observed and compared.Results After 3 months treatment,first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were increased compared with those before treatment [(3.25 ± 0.49) L vs.(2.59 ± 0.55) L,(1.95 ± 0.41) L vs.(1.44 ± 0.48) L],and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in FEV1/FVC before and after treatment (P ＞ 0.05).After 3 months treatment,arterial partial pressure of oxygen and arterial oxygen saturation were increased compared with those before treatment [(87.61 ± 8.56) mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) vs.(63.88 ± 8.79) mm Hg,0.9648 ±0.0449 vs.0.7632 ± 0.0477],partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide was decreased compared with that before treatment [(30.57 ± 9.47) mm Hg vs.(49.23 ± 9.54) mm Hg],and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).There was no signifi.cant difference in blood pressure and heart rate before and after treatment (P＞ 0.05).No obvious adverse reactions were observed.Conclusions The aerobic exercise of pulmonary rehabilitation can improve significantly lung function.It is safe and rehable,and has less adverse reaction in patients with COPD.It is worthy of promotion and use.

Effect of Reteplase Combined with Low-molecular Heparin Sodium in the Treatment of Early Acute Cerebral Infarction / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe efficacy and safety of reteplase combined with low-molecular heparin sodium intravenous thrombolysis in the treatment of early cerebral infarction.METHODS:102 cases of early acute cerebral infarction from Jan.2007 to Aug.2009 were received intravenous thrombolytic therapy.52 cases were treated with reteplase combined with low-molecular heparin sodium as observation group and 50 cases were treated with reteplase as control group.The neurological deficit scores(NIHSS) values at 1,7 and 14 d before and after treatment were compared between 2 groups.The complication of 2 groups were evaluated after treatment.RESULTS:The NIHSS score in observation group were decreased significantly as compared with control group,there were significant difference(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Intravenous administration of 10 MU reteplase combined with 5 000 U?12 h-1 low-molecular heparin sodium is superior to reteplase alone in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.Reteplase combined with low-molecular heparin sodium does not increase the risk of bleeding in key site of patients(including the elderly).

Influence of intra-individual variability of cyclosporine pharmacokinetics on the kidney transplant function at early stage after operation / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between individual pharmacokinetics characteristics of cyclosporine (CsA) and the occurrence of acute rejection episodes or CsA-induced nephrotoxicities in kidney transplants. Methods The whole blood CsA concentrations were assayed 7 days after oral admi- nistration with a dosage of 6 mg/kg daily in 47 recipients. The blood samples drawn just prior to ingestion of the dose and subsequently at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 h later were monitored with TDX. Recipients were grouped according to the varied situations of kidney transplant functions within one month after pharmacokinetics monitoring. Pharmacokinetics parameters of C_0, C_ max , T_ max , CL/F, T_ 1/2(a) , T_ 1/2(e) and AUC in each group were calculated and compared among the groups. Results Of 47 recipients, 12 cases had experienced AR episodes, 7 cases had suffered CsA-NT, and the remaining 26 cases survived with stable graft functions. Major pharmacokinetics parameters in AR group were T_ 1/2(a) , T_ 1/2(e) , CL/F, T_ max and AUC, which were significantly different from the corresponding parameters in the group with stable graft function. Pharmacokinetics curve of AR group was characterized with a earlier T_ max (usually less than 2 h), a sharp absorb peak and a abbreviated AUC, T_ 1/2(e) , CL/F, T_ max , and AUC in CsA-NT group, which was also significantly varied from that in the stable group. The curve of CsA-NT group, with a delayed T_ max (often more than 2 h), a broad absorb peak or double peaks, however, was predominantly distinguished from the previous AR curve. Levels of C_0 in the three groups were comparable when AR or CsA-NT occurred. Conclusion Pharmacokinetics monitoring accomplished by multiple point CsA level samples over the entire 12 h dosing interval is a more accurate assessment for drug exposure. It is suggested that patients who absorb and eliminate CsA quickly are likely to experience AR episodes. Meanwhile, those poor eliminators are at risk to suffer CsA-NT.

Treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis of left lower extremity accompanied with Cockett syndrome / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To explore the effective treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis(DVT) of left lower extremity accompanied with Cockett syndrome.Methods The data of 16 patients with acute DVT of left lower extremity accompanied with Cockett syndrome,who were admitted to our hospital from August,2004 to January,2008,were analyzed retrospectively.Inferior vena caval filters were inserted and thrombectomy was done to all of the 16 patients;PTA and stent insertion were done in 13 patients and PTA only in the other 3 patients.Anticoagulation,thrombolysis and antiplatelet therapy were given postoperatively to all the patients.Results There was no death or pulmonary embolism in all 16 patients;Forteen patieats had good outcome,2 had acute DVT of left lower extremity one day after surgery,and limbs swelling subsided after anticoagulation,thrombolysis and antiplatelet treatment before their discharge.Forteen patients were followed up from 1 month to 25 months(average 11 months),and 2 patients had post-DVT syndrome,but the others had no swelling or varicose veins of the lower extremity.Conclusions Most patients with acute DVT of left lower extremity accompanied with Cockett syndrome could get satisfactory outcome with thrombectomy,PTA and stent insertion.