RESUMO
Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormone biosynthesis. It plays an important role in the growth, development, maturation and the function of organs and systems. Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that the effect of iodine on human body is bidirectional. Insufficient and excessive intake of iodine will cause adverse consequences and affect human health. At present, the research on the harm of iodine nutritional abnormalities to human health mostly focuses on morphology and function of thyroid. In fact, iodine nutritional abnormalities not only affect thyroid, but also have many adverse effects on other aspects of the body. There is evidence of a link between abnormal iodine nutrition, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease, which will lead to abnormal levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the body. This paper reviews the research progress on the relationship between iodine nutrition, thyroid function and body lipid metabolism, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the "scientific and precise" prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders in China.