The effect of exercise on interferon gamma, body fat and bmi of kidney transplant patients / Efeito do exercício sobre interferon gama, gordura corporal e imc em pacientes com transplante renal / Efecto del ejercicio sobre el interferón gamma y el imc de los pacientes con trasplante de riñón

INTRODUCTION: Poor physical function and obesity are well documented in kidney transplant patients. Significant health benefits result from regular physical activity, many of which are important for kidney transplant patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 10-week combined exercises on Interferon Gamma (IFNγ), body fat percentage (BF%) and body mass index (BMI) in kidney transplant patients. METHOD: In a randomized controlled experimental design, 44 kidney transplant patients aged 20-50 years were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=23) and control (n=21). The exercise group participated in a cumulative training program for 10 weeks, three days a week, 60­90 minutes per day at 40-65% of predicted maximal heart rate reserve. A 5 ml venous blood sample and anthropometric parameters were taken from the subjects at baseline and after 10 weeks. RESULTS: The exercise group showed an improvement in BF% (from 31.80±5.64 to 28.86 ± 5.82, p =0.001) and BMI (from 26.23 ± 1.81 to 25.45 ± 2.11, p = 0.001), but there was no significant change in the IFNγ level (from 0.06 ± 0.02 to 0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.829). There was a significant difference between the control and exercise groups for BF% (p = 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: As a take-home message, it should be mentioned that combined exercise intervention is inexpensive and portable and can be performed at home or health centers for kidney transplant patients to reduce their weight and BF%. Evidence Level I; High quality randomized trial with or without statistically significant difference, but with narrow confidence intervals.

INTRODUÇÃO: A função física deficiente e a obesidade são bem documentadas em pacientes com transplante renal. A atividade física regular resulta em benefícios significativos para a saúde, muitos dos quais são importantes para os pacientes com transplante de rim. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos de 10 semanas de exercícios combinados sobre interferon gama (IFN-γ), percentual de gordura corporal (GC) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) nesses pacientes. MÉTODOS: Em um estudo randomizado experimental controlado, 44 pacientes com transplante renal com idade entre 20 e 50 anos foram divididos em um grupo exercício (n = 23) e um grupo controle (n = 21). O grupo exercício participou em um programa de treinamento cumulativo por 10 semanas, três dias por semana, 60 a 90 minutos por dia, com 40% a 65% da frequência cardíaca de reserva prevista. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue venoso de 5 ml, assim como os parâmetros antropométricos dos indivíduos no início do programa e depois de 10 semanas. RESULTADOS: O grupo exercício apresentou melhora do percentual de GC (31,80 ± 5,64 para 28,86 ± 5,82, p = 0,001) e do IMC (26,23 ± 1,81 para 25,45 ± 2,11, p = 0,001), mas não houve mudança significativa no nível de IFN-γ (0,06 ± 0,02 para 0,06 ± 0,02, p = 0,829). Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos controle e exercício no percentual de GC (p = 0,001) e no IMC (p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A mensagem a ser lembrada é que a intervenção com exercícios combinados é de baixo custo e os aparelhos necessários são portáteis, e pode ser realizada em casa ou em centros de saúde pelos pacientes de transplante renal, visando reduzir o peso e o percentual de GC. Nível de Evidência I; Estudo clínico randomizado de alta qualidade com ou sem diferença estatisticamente significante, mas com intervalos de confiança estreitos.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el bajo funcionamiento físico y la obesidad están bien documentados en pacientes con trasplante de riñón. Los beneficios significativos para la salud son el resultado de la actividad física regular, muchos de los cuales son importantes para los pacientes con trasplante de riñón. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de los ejercicios combinados de 10 semanas sobre Interferón-Gamma (IFNγ), porcentaje de grasa corporal (% BF) e índice de masa corporal (IMC) en pacientes con trasplante renal. MÉTODO: en un diseño experimental controlado aleatorio, 44 pacientes con trasplante renal, de 20-50 años, se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos de ejercicio (n = 23) y control (n = 21). El grupo de ejercicio participó en un programa de entrenamiento acumulativo durante 10 semanas, tres días a la semana, 60 a 90 minutos por dia, com 40 a 65% de la reserva máxima prevista para frecuencia cardiaca. Se tomaron 5 ml de muestra de sangre de Venus y parámetros antropométricos de los sujetos en la línea de base al inicio y luego de 10 semanas. RESULTADOS: El grupo de ejercicio mostró una mejora en el porcentaje de BF (de 31,80 ± 5,64 a 28,86 ± 5,82, p = 0,001) y el IMC (de 26,23 ± 1,81 a 25,45 ± 2,11, p = 0,001), pero no hubo un cambio significativo en el nivel de IFNγ (de 0.06 ± 0.02 a 0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.829). Hubo una diferencia significativa entre el control y los grupos de ejercicio para BF% (p = 0.001) e IMC (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIÓN: como mensaje de inicio se debe mencionar que la intervención combinada con ejercicios es económica y portátil, y puede realizarse en el hogar o en centros de salud para que los pacientes con trasplante de riñón disminuyan su peso y BF%. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudio clínico aleatorio de alta calidad, con o sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa, pero con intervalos de confianza estrechos.

Pattern of muscle injuries and predictors of return-to-play duration among Malaysian athletes

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of muscle injuries and the factors that predict the return-to-play duration among Malaysian athletes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This is a retrospective review of the case notes of athletes who attended the National Sports Institute Clinic in Malaysia. The medical records of athletes with muscle injury, diagnosed on clinical assessment and confirmed by diagnostic ultrasonography, were included for final analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From June 2006 to December 2009, 397 cases of muscle injury were diagnosed among 360 athletes. The median age of the athletes with muscle injuries was 20.0 years. Muscle injuries were mostly diagnosed among national-level athletes and frequently involved the lower limb, specifically the hamstring muscle group. Nearly all of the athletes (99.2%) were treated conservatively. The median return-to-play duration was 7.4 weeks. Athletes who waited more than one week before seeking medical attention, those with recurrent muscle injuries and female athletes were significantly more likely (p < 0.05) to take more than six weeks before returning to the sport.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Grade 2 lower limb muscle injury was commonly diagnosed among national-level athletes in this study. The frequency of weekly physiotherapy sessions did not affect the return-to-play duration. Factors such as initial consultation at more than one week post injury, recurrent muscle injuries and female gender were significant predictors of return-to-play duration among Malaysian athletes. These predictive factors should be kept in mind during clinical assessment so as to aid in prognosticating recovery after muscle injury.</p>