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Objective:To explore whether working memory span training can expand working memory capacity.Methods:A randomized controlled trial design was adopted and a total of 60 healthy college students were recruited and randomly divided into training group ( n=30, receiving adaptive training of spatial breadth task) and control group ( n=30, receiving non-adaptive training of low difficulty spatial breadth task). The cognitive behavior and event-related potential (ERP) data of all subjects when completing the change awareness task were collected before and after training.The SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. The differences between the training group and the control group before and after training were compared by repeated measurement analysis of variance. Results:Repeated measurement ANOVA showed that there were significant time and group interactions at the levels of cognitive behavior(K score, F=5.352, P=0.025) and ERP (CDA, F=4.644, P=0.037) levels. Further post test found that compared with pre-training (pre-test), the K-score ((0.51±0.93), (1.61±1.07), F=26.81, P<0.001) and CDA ((-1.49±1.07)μV, (-2.03±0.94)μV, F=4.731, P=0.041) of the training group increased significantly after training (post-test), and there was no significant difference in K-score and CDA of the control group before and after training (boh P>0.05). Conclusion:Working memory span task can be used as an effective training paradigm to improve working memory capacity.
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Objective To investigate the relationships between depression and life events and coping style of left-behind children in Ningxia rural district.Methods 1455 children,between 7 and 15 years old,of which 643 were left-behind children and 812 were non-left-behind children,were selected from six primary schools and two junior middle schools in Ningxia using cluster-random-sampling.All of them were assessed by the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC),Adolescent Self-rating Life Event Checklist (ASLEC) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ).Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between leftbehind children' s depression phenomenon and all items in the questionnaires above,and Hierarchical multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlative factors associated with depression among left-behind children.Results The detectable rate of left-behind children and non-left-behind children' s depression were respectively 30.30％ and 21.20％,and the former was higher than the later (x2 =15.909,P＜0.01).In the left-behind children group,the depression relevance ratio were significant difference (35.23％ vs.26.52％) between the 7-11 years old group and the 12 to 15 one(P＜0.05).The detectable rate of Han and Hui ethnic children(29.00％ vs.37.14％)had no statistically significance.Except positive replying,left-behind children had got higher scores in all factors of DSRSC,ASLEC and negative replying compared with non-left-behind children.According to the Pearson correlation analysis,the scores of DSRSC had positive correlation with all factors in ASLEC,while had negative correlation with active coping style in SCSQ (P ＜ 0.05).According to hierarchical multiple linear regression,positive replying,passive coping style,health and adaptation and human relationship went into the equation,which were important predictive variables for depression.Conclusion The left-behind children in Ningxia have high detectable rate of depression,and active coping styles are useful buffer for the life events' harmful effects.
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Objective To investigate the detectable rate and correlative factors of behavior problems among Hui nationality left-behind children in Ningxia rural area.Methods 1394 children,between 6 and 15 years old,of which 282 were Hui nationality children and 112 were Hui left-behind children,were selected from six primary schools and two junior middle schools using cluster random sampling method in Yongning,Ningxia.All of them were assessed by the Achenbach 's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and self-designed General Information Questionnaire.Logistic regression method was used to analyze the correlative factors of behavior problems.Results The detectable rate of behavior problems among Hui nationality children between 6 and 15 years old was 31.25％,which was higher than the Han nationality left-behind children' s(17.84％) and Hui nationality nonleft-behind children' s (14.12％).Among the Hui left-behind children,those who between 6 and 11 years old,had been left alone between 5 and 7,and whose parents exchanging ideas with teachers less than one time a month had higher detectable rates (x2 =14.904,6.327,7.904,P ＜ 0.05).Among the Hui ethnic children,the detectable rates of those who between 6 and 11 yeas old were higher than that of the non-left-behind children' s(P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that Hui ethnic left-behind children between 12 and 15 years old (OR =0.179) and those whose parents contacted with their teachers frequently(OR =0.362) had less possibilities to attach behavior problems.Conclusion The detectable rate of behavior problems among Hui nationality left-behind Children between 6 andl5 years old in Ningxia is higher,and the correlative factors are complex.