Application strategy of the Principles and Guidelines for Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) Design and Management of Work Systems in China / 中国职业医学

To provide in-depth information and guidance on ergonomics, the International Labour Organization (ILO) had issued a series of conventions, recommendations, and resolutions on human factors/ergonomics (HFE) and had published HFE guides and toolkits. In 2021, the ILO and the International Ergonomics Association released an international guideline on HFE entitled Principles and Guidelines for Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) Design and Management of Work Systems (hereinafter referred to as the HEF Guidelines), aiming to improve the occupational safety, health, and the well-being of workers from the perspective of work system sustainability. There are currently 112 national health standards in China related to HFE, of which 79 (accounting for 71%) are equivalent to relevant standards from the International Organization for Standardization. Most of the recommended standards do not meet the applicability requirements of HFE for the Chinese workforce, as they are different from the national occupational health standard system. At present, China's HFE capability cannot meet the needs of the workforce, and there is still a gap between occupational diseases related to HFE included in the Occupational Disease List of China and those compared to the ILO. In the future, China needs to pay attention to the application of the HEF Guidelines, further improve the technical services for occupational health, include diseases caused by poor ergonomics in the national occupational disease list, strengthen the HFE standard system in the national occupational health standard system, actively promote the application of action-oriented HFE tools, enhance “human-machine coordination” and “person-job matching”, and focus on physical and cognitive HFE design to promote equality in workplace and reduce the occurrence of occupational and work-related diseases.

Workplace violence and its impact on occupational burnout among healthcare workers in an infectious disease hospital / 中国职业医学

{L-End}Objective To explore the impact of workplace violence (WPV) on occupational burnout among healthcare workers. {L-End}Methods A total of 675 healthcare workers from an infectious disease hospital were selected as the study subjects using typical sampling method. The Workplace Violence in the Healthsector Country Case Studies Research Instruments: Survey Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory 2-item were used to investigate the incidence of WPV and occupational burnout. {L-End}Results The incidence of WPV among the study subjects was 35.1%, with incidences of physical and psychological violence at 2.2% and 34.1%, respectively. The detection rates of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and occupational burnout were 25.9%, 12.6%, and 52.4%, respectively. The result of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that experiencing psychological violence, having a bachelor or master degree or higher, and having more concerns about WPV were influencing factors for emotional exhaustion (all P<0.05). Knowing the reporting process for violent incidents and having more concerns about WPV were influencing factors for depersonalization (all P<0.05). Being in a minority ethnic group, having a bachelor, a master degree or higher, experiencing psychological violence, and having more concerns about WPV were influencing factors for occupational burnout (all P<0.05). {L-End}Conclusion WPV increases the risk of occupational burnout among healthcare workers. Effective measures should be implemented to reduce the incidence of WPV, decrease the level of occupational burnout, and promote the overall well-being of healthcare workers.

Innate immune responses in RNA viral infection / 医学前沿

RNA viruses cause a multitude of human diseases, including several pandemic events in the past century. Upon viral invasion, the innate immune system responds rapidly and plays a key role in activating the adaptive immune system. In the innate immune system, the interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and host pattern recognition receptors activate multiple signaling pathways in immune cells and induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons to elicit antiviral responses. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are the principal innate immune components that exert antiviral activities. In this review, the current understanding of innate immunity contributing to the restriction of RNA viral infections was briefly summarized. Besides the main role of immune cells in combating viral infection, the intercellular transfer of pathogen and host-derived materials and their epigenetic and metabolic interactions associated with innate immunity was discussed. This knowledge provides an enhanced understanding of the innate immune response to RNA viral infections in general and aids in the preparation for the existing and next emerging viral infections.

The status and prediction factors of depression in acute stage after stroke / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:Study on the incidence and related influencing factors of acute depression after stroke.Methods:From September 2018 to February 2019, 338 stroke patients hospitalized in three hospitals in this city were selected.9-item Patient Health Questionnaire scale (PHQ-9) and Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire-Hospital Version (SADQ-H) were used to evaluate the depression of patients. The related factors were evaluated by using the self-made general situation questionnaire and the social support rating scale (SSRS), simple intelligence state test table (MMSE), Barthel index rating scale to understand the influence of variables on post-stroke depression.Results:The incidence of PSD was 59.09% in aphasia patients and 41.50% in non-aphasia patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that depression group and non-depression group have significant difference in family history of stroke ( OR=0.455, P=0.025), BI index ( OR=0.969, P=0), SSRS ( OR=0.936, P=0.002), MMSE ( OR=0.910, P=0.014). Conclusion:The incidence of PSD is higher in the acute phase after stroke, the occurrence of PSD is related to family history of stroke, BI index, SSRS, MMSE, The early evaluation of the above factors can identify the high risk population of PSD as soon as possible, so as to take relevant measures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of PSD.

Psychological responses in early stage of COVID-19 epidemic in Guangxi college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand cognitive behavioral responses of college students in Guangxi at the early stage of COVID-19 regarding, and to provide a basis for schools and government to formulate relevant strategies and measures.@*Methods@#An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 69 783 students recruited online from 28 colleges and universities in Guangxi Province, regarding psychological response under public health emergencies.@*Results@#Significant associated were found between the total score of COVID-19 knowledge score and factors scores of optimism, fear, avoidance, help and combat in cognitive behavioral response (r=0.15, -0.01, -0.06, -0.03, 0.28, P<0.05). Gender factors had an impact on all the five factors (Z=-13.67, -2.05, -13.31, -7.15, -24.34, P<0.05). Students with higher education levels and medical students had higher score in optimism and lower score in avoidance.Students with limited activities (β=0.38, 0.38, 0.42, P<0.05) and living in a community with infected cases score higher in factor including fear,escape and turning for help (β=0.14, 0.06, 0.15,P<0.05).optimism was negatively associated with fear among students living in a community with infected cases(β=-0.10,P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Relevant departments need to strengthen science popularization and education, further improve students’ awareness of the epidemic, take scientific prevention and control measures, guide positive cognition, shape positive behavior, strengthen mental health education, and make preparations for the orderly resumption of school after the epidemic.

Breeding and identification of Wuzhishan miniature pigs with α-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout / 器官移植

To summarize the breeding and identification of Wuzhishan miniature pig models with α-l,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) gene-knockout (GTKO).Methods The breeding and reproduction perform of GTKO Wuzhishan miniature pigs were assessed and the quantity of piglets was counted.The GTKO Wuzhishan miniature pig models with GGTA1gene knockout were validated by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The αGal phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in human,wild-type Wuzhishan miniature pigs and GTKO Wuzhishan miniature pigs was detected by fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry.Routine blood test parameters were statistically compared between the GTKO and wild-type Wuzhishan miniature pigs.Results The inheritance of GGTA1 genotype complied with Mendel's law.Flow cytometry detected no fluorescent expression of PBMC in GGTA1-/-pig models,which were consistent with the genotype identification results.The mean piglets of the primiparous GTKO Wuzhishan miniature pigs were (6.8±1.8) and (8.3±2.2) for the multiparous Wuzhishan miniature pigs.No statistical significance was noted in routine blood test parameters between the GTKO and wild-type Wuzhishan miniature pigs (all P＞0.05).Conclusions Stable inheritance and normal reproductive capacity are observed in two generations of Wuzhishan miniature pigs continuously.GTKO Wuzhishan miniature pig is a reliable donor for heterogeneous organ transplantation.