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Macrophages are important innate immune cells. Under inflammatory stimulation, macrophages rapidly respond and subsequently produce large amounts of cellular metabolites through metabolic reprogramming. Itaconate is an immunomodulatory derivative from the tricarboxylic acid cycle which has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. In recent years, it has been reported that itaconate promotes the transition of macrophage phenotype from M1 to M2 and the underlying mechanism may include the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by alkylation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), blockade of the inhibitor ζ of nuclear factor-κB (IκBζ) translation and inhibition of aerobic glycolysis. In this review, we describe the metabolic pathways of itaconate, clarify the relationship between itaconate and the immune response, and summarize the latest researches about the roles of itaconate on regulating the inflammatory response in macrophages in order to provide the basis for the clinical use of itaconate and new strategies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Purpose@#We aimed to investigate whether obtaining a higher level of education was causally associated with lower breast cancer risk and to identify the causal mechanism linking them. @*Methods@#The main data analysis used publicly available summary-level data from 2 large genome-wide association study consortia. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis used 65 genetic variants derived from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium as instrumental variables for years of schooling. The outcomes from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) were the overall breast cancer risk (122,977 cases/105,974 controls in women) and the two subtypes: estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer and ER-negative breast cancer. Fixed and random effects inverse variance weighted methods were used to estimate the causal effects, along with other additional MR methods for sensitivity analyses. @*Results@#Results showed that each additional standard deviation of 4.2 years of education was causally associated with a 27% lower risk of ER-negative breast cancer (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.84; p-value 10 minutes explain a small part of the causal effect of education on the risk of developing breast cancer, and their mediation proportion is approximately 1%. @*Conclusion@#A low level of education is a causal risk factor in the development of breast cancer as it is associated with poor lipid profile, obesity, smoking, and types of physical activity.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of osthole on the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) cell model and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#The SH-SY5Y cell with over expression of APP was established by transfection by liposome 2000. The cells were treated with different concentrations of osthole, and the cell viability was determined by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The differentially expressed miRNAs with and without osthole treatment were detected by miRNA array, and the target genes binding to the differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and verified by databases and Cytoscape. After the inhibitor of the differentially expressed miRNA was transduced into cells, the changes of APP and amyloid β (Aβ) protein were determined by immunofluorescence cytochemistry, and the mRNA expression of APP was determined by RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#The AD cell model with over expression of APP was established successfully. The results of MTT and LDH assay showed that osthole had a protective effect on cells and alleviated cell damage. miR-101a-3p was identified as the differentially expressed miRNA, which was binding to the 3'-UTR of APP. Compared with APP group, the expression of APP and Aβ protein and APP mRNA increased in the miR-101a-3p inhibitor group (all <0.01), while the expression of APP and Aβ protein and APP mRNA decreased in the cells with osthole treatment (all <0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Osthole inhibits the expression of APP by up-regulating miR-101a-3p in AD cell model.
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Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide , Genética , Linhagem Celular , Cumarínicos , Farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Genética , MicroRNAs , Genética , MetabolismoRESUMO
Heart specialists team has become one of the core concepts of diagnosis and treatment mode for cardiovascular diseases.Multidisciplinary collaboration has proved its beneficial effects on the diagnosis and treatment strategies, patient selection, follow-up and management of some cardiovascular diseases.At present,it is chiefly seen in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery revascularization and transcatheter aortic valve replacement.During implementation there still exist such problems as lack of awareness,attention and effective operation of the medical staff,and lack of an incentive mechanism, thus incurring controversies over such a model.Therefore further follow-up and improvements are expected in combination with the characteristics of China′s medical institutions.
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Objective To explore the feasibility of using irreversible electroporation (IRE)mediating HPV16 E6 shRNA into cervical cancer cell line SiHa,and to clarify the influence of their co-effect on the proliferation of SiHa cells and its mechanism.Methods A HPV16 E6 gene specific interference sequence was inserted in pGenesil-1 to build a interference vector.10 pulses of IRE with 800 V,100 μs,and 1 Hz were applied to the suspension of SiHa cells and vectors.According to the treatment factors,control group,IRE group,pGenesil-N group,pGenesil-N+IRE group,pGenesil-E6 group and pGenesil-E6 + IRE group were set up.The expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP)and transfection efficiency were confirmed by inverted fluorescence microscope 24 h after the vector was transfected by IRE,and the expression efficancy of GFP was calculated.The expression levels of E6 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting method which was also applied to detect the expressions of P53 and PCNA.The proliferative activity of SiHa cells was determined by CCK-8 assay.Results Enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing verified that the vectors were correctly constructed.GFP was seen under inverted fluorescence microscope 24 h after IRE transfection.Compared with IRE group,the expression levels of E6 mRNA and protein were decreased detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting method after the vectors were treated with IRE,the P53 protein expression level was increased (P < 0.05),and the PCNA expression level was decreased (P <0.05).The CCK-8 assay results showed the proliferative activity of SiHa cells in pGenesil-E6+IRE group was decreased more obviously than that in pGenesil E6 group (P <0.05).Conclusion IRE can play the role of gene transfection of mediating HPV16 E6 shRNA into SiHa cells, and their co-effect can significantly inhibit the proliferation of SiHa cells.
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The hospital spirit is not only the spiritual support and vital source for staff, but also the concentrat-ed expression of ideology and faith, value orientation, moral trait, psychology tendencies, culture stereotypes, the unified will and code of conduct for all kinds of personnel.The party organizations are the best helmsmen to culti-vate and carry forward the hospital spirit, which reveals distinctive and profound medical ethical principles and norms.In this paper, taking X hospital as an example, we describe the core function of the party committee′s lead-ership and results in the process of breeding, inheritance and innovation of hospital spirit and reflect ethically so as to provide good references for the current hospital spirit cultivation and promotion.
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The authors introduced,against the backdrop of the new round of accreditation,organization and practice of the hospital.In accordance with the five management elements of planning,organization,leadership,coordination and control,and the level management theory,the hospital divided,based on a top-down design and step-by-step implementation,the process into four stages of mobilization and deployment,study and training,self-assessment and rectification,supervised self-assessment and constant improvement.These efforts aim at exploring the key points and methodology of hospital accreditation,proposing such key points as the combination of the accreditation with building a long-term mechanism,that of theory with practice,that leadership with full staff involvement,that of top-down design with step-by-step implementation,that of training and rectification,that of self-assessment and supervision,and that of system management with implementation of provisions.This way the hospital accreditation may upgrade the hospital as a whole.
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A description of the contents, indexes, and method appropriateness for supervision and appraisal of the tobacco control management in hospitals, and an insight on the regularity and effectiveness of building tobacco-free hospitals. The dual indexes of intervention and outcome were ascertained from both dimensions of the management process and effect; in terms of methodology, the paper described the time appropriateness of the supervision focus, management effectiveness of the supervision and appraisal areas, priority of supervision objects, population appropriateness of the supervision and appraisal indexes, method appropriateness of the supervision, appraisal and penalty, as well as the conditional support for supervision and appraisal. It is pointed out that timely summary and appraisal, proper conditional support and circular work chain, can help consolidate tobacco control in hospitals.
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The paper reviewed the significance and methodology of building a hospital emergency response system, and recommended on coordinating hospital emergency response work. The practices to build emergency response norms include persistent improvement of hospital emergency response system,unifying hospital emergency pre-plan, scheduling emergency drills, training and assessment, performance appraisal, and quantified indicators. The paper also summarized such operation principles as system development, unified management, job division, standardized operation, and routine operations.
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Description of the significance of the team learning theory in building a learning hospital.Building a flat structure in a learning organization, catering to the inherent needs of the hospital and its staff in development, selection of training materials conductive to building common vision of the team, effective and interactive means of training, and team trainings that are objective-specific, level-specific, hatched and focused.All these practices maximize the effectiveness of team learning, bringing forth in the hospital desirable changes in concepts, behavior, culture and performance in the building of a learning hospital
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Objective To probe into characteristics of medical assurance for medical service preparation, medical staff deployment and injury treatment/rescue for martial arts competitions in Beijing Olympic Games. Methods Collecting data of all injuries treated onsite of martial art venues and in clinics of such venues, for statistical analysis of the injury occasions, injury location, injury types and post-injury treatment. Results During the test games, injuries found in martial arts repertoire competitions account for 0. 92% of all athletes in the category, mostly waist and lower limbs injury; injuries found in sanshou competitions account for 12.4% of all athletes in the category, mostly blunt trauma on head/face, body, perineum and four limbs, along with skin lacerations and 16 heavily wounded transferred to hospitals for rescue. No injuries are found in official games of martial arts repertoire competitions; in sanshou competitions, injuries account for 5. 5% of all athletes of the category, without heavy injuries for hospital rescue. Conclusion Athletes tend to be exposed to greater risk of injury in sanshou than in repertoire competition, headcount of injuries and injury heaviness in test games are higher than official games, probability of injuries of athletes of middle level is higher than those of other levels. Medical staff of professional surgeons of multidisciplinary skills are recommended.
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The paper tries to seek a deeper understanding of the conflicts between doctors and patients based on the review of doctor-patient relationship, and traces the cause of the conflicts from the prospective of basic needs of human beings. It explores the way to construct a harmonious doctor-patient relationship based on the needs of doctors and patients, and suggests that the needs of doctors and patients should be concerned about and guided to meet the developing of doctor-patient harmony.
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For the purpose of creating a hospital culture, the present paper summarizes theories on research-oriented organizations, addresses the significance of developing a research-oriented hospital, summarizes the means and methods for developing a research-oriented hospital according to the model of a research-oriented organization, and demonstrates the effects of a research-oriented hospital and promoting functions for hospital culture.
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The authors first expound that Chinas WTO accession has made it extremely clear that hospital management is the key to competition. There are two aspects of the issue. One involves changing management concepts, enriching management connotations, broadening the management horizon, enhancing management levels, transforming management mentality, and readjusting management structure. The other involves the application of modern management technology. Then they discuss ways of changing hospital management from the perspective of the competition for the masses of people seeking medical service. These include: ①attracting patients with easily available service; ②heavily advertising the hospital with specific images; ③displaying quality with standardized management; ④winning the confidence of the people with reasonable pricing. Finally the authors give a detailed account of how to explore human resources, retain talented people, form optimal teams, set up rational structures and raise assessment criteria in the competition for medical talents.