Recent progress in vestibular prosthesis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Bilateral vestibulopathy（BVP） is one of the common diseases in the vestibular nervous system, with an incidence rate of about 4%-7% in the population, which can lead to a variety of body dysfunctions. At present, there are two main treatment methods for BVP. One is vestibular rehabilitation. However, only part of BVP patients can finally benefit from vestibular rehabilitation, and most patients will remain with permanent vestibular dysfunction. Benefiting from the maturity of cochlear implant technology, European and American countries took the lead in the development of vestibular prosthesis（VP） technology to restore the vestibular function in patients with BVP. This review will focus on the development history, principles, future applications and the related research progress of VP in China.

Preliminary observation of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in healthy young people / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To introduce the method of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (GVS-VEMP) as well as to observe and analyze the parameters and elicited rate of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in healthy young people in China.@*Methods@#Twenty six normal young subjects were recruited for conventional examinations of GVS-VEMP. The subjects were 21-37 years old, average age was (25.8±3.7) years old, including 13 males and 13 females. The galvanic stimulation intensity of 3 mA/1 ms was used to evoke cVEMP and oVEMP on the sternocleidomastoid and inferior extraocular muscles respectively, and the intensity of stimulus was decreased until the response disappeared, the threshold, latency, amplitude, interval phase and interaural amplitude ratio(IAR) were calculated. SPSS18.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#All subjects were elicited normal GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP under 3 mA/1 ms, the elicited rate was 100%. The threshold of GVS-cVEMP was (1.18±0.47) mA, p1 latency was (10.43±1.54) ms, n1 latency was (17.91±1.20) ms, the amplitude was (102.47±56.77) uV and IAR was (0.26±0.20). The threshold of GVS-oVEMP was (1.12±0.50) mA, n1 latency was (8.46±1.05) ms, p1 latency was (11.83±1.27) ms, the amplitude was (9.12±6.82) uV and IAR was (0.25±0.20). In terms of gender and lateral comparison, only the GVS-oVEMP amplitude was higher for male than for female, which had significant statistical difference (P<0.05), and there was no statistical difference in the other parameters between GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP.@*Conclusion@#GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP could be elicited in healthy youth population, and the parameters could provide reference for subsequent vestibular function evaluation.

Construction of controllable polyethylene glycol bioactive coating with hemocompatibility from the surface of modified glass substrate / 生物医学工程学杂志

A diblock copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-block-glycidyl methacrylate (PEGMA-GMA), was prepared on glass substrate by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), and endothelial specific peptide Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV) was immobilized at the end of the PEGMA-GMA polymer brush by ring opening reaction through the rich epoxy groups in the GMA. The structure and hydrophilicity of the polymer brushes were characterized by static water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the REDV modified copolymer brushes were successfully constructed on the glass substrates. The REDV peptide immobilized onto surface was quantitatively characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The blood compatibility of the coating was characterized by recalcification time and platelet adhesion assay. The results showed that the polymer coating had good blood compatibility. The multifunctional active polymer coating with PEGMA and peptide produced an excellent prospect in surface construction with endothelial cells selectivity.

The experimental study on endoplasmic reticulum stress-participated outer hair cell apoptosis in cadherin 23 gene mutant mice / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To test the mechanism and upstream pathway of outer hair cell apoptosis in Cadherin 23 (Cdh23) gene mutant mice.@*Method@#The mutant Cdh23erl/erl(erl) mice were collected as the study group, while the C57BL/6J (B6) mice were chosen as the control group. A total of 70 mice per group were used in this study. The study group and control group underwent auditory-evoked brainstem response (ABR) tests at the same age. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect outer hair cell(OHC) apoptosis. The qRT-PCR was conducted to test the expression of ER stress markers immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA. The expression and location of BiP and CHOP protein in OHC were detected by immunostaining. The expression of BiP protein in cochleae was identified by Western blot. The expression and location of CDH23 protein in OHC were discovered by immunostaining.@*Results@#The ABR thresholds in erl mice were significantly higher than those in B6 mice at the age of 1 and 3 months (both P<0.05). The surface preparation with TUNEL staining confirmed OHC apoptosis in erl mouse cochleae which showed a higher TUNEL positive cell ratio than B6 mouse(t=11.291, P<0.01). The ER stress marker Bip and Chop mRNA were upregulated in the erl mouse inner ear, when compared with those in the B6 mouse(both P<0.05). The BiP protein extracted from the erl mouse cochleae was significantly higher than that of B6 mouse measured by Western blot (t=3.66, P=0.02). Immunostaining showed that BiP and CHOP were highly detected in the OHC in erl mouse cochleae, and was mainly detected in the perinuclear region of OHC. However, a bare BiP and CHOP signal were shown in B6 mouse cochleae. The CDH23 protein was specifically localized at the top of the OHC in B6 mice, indicating the localization of the tip links in hair bundle stereocilia. On the contrary, the CDH23erl protein was found to be localized from the top to the nuclei of the OHC in erl mice. Portions of the CDH23erl proteins failed to reach the top of the hair bundles and remained in the OHC cytoplasm.@*Conclusion@#As the downstream response of the Cdh23 gene mutation, portions of the mutant CDH23erl protein was accumulated in ER lumen resulting in the increase of ER loading and ultimately triggered ER stress and hair cell apoptosis in erl mouse cochleae.

Correlative analysis on MRI and pathological characteristics findings of uterine carcinosarcoma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between MRI and pathological features of uterine carcinosarcoma(UCS).Methods 13 cases of UCS which were confirmed by surgery and pathology were collected,MRI plain scan and enhanced scan were carried on all of the patients,the pathological tissue was got after operation for conventional HE and immunohistochemical staining.The MRI representation and pathological tissue composition of all the 13 cases were analyzed and summarized.Results 8 cases were occurred in uterine body,3 cases were in the cervix and 2 were involving the uterine body and cervix at the same time.The MRI manifestations of them were enlarged uterine size with irregular masses showed,intermediate or hypointensity intensity signal on T1 weighted and hyperintensity or intermediate intensity signal on T2 weighted,necrosis and cystic lesions were showed in 5 cases,2 cases hemorrhage were displaied which showed hyperintensity signal on T1 weighted,4 cases were endometrial thickening,all of the cases were heterogeneous enhancement;the pathological showed different proportion of carcinorma and sarcoma were visible in all the 13 cases of UCS.Conclusion UCS has complex components histopathologically,including both carcinoma tissue and sarcoma tissue.The heterogeneous signal of cystic degeneration,necrosis and hemorrhage within tumor in MRI could help the diagnosis of UCS.

Establishment of experimental method for bone-conducted vibration elicited vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in healthy guinea pigs / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To estabilsh animal methods of bone-conducted vibration elicited cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (BCV-cVEMP) and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (BCV-oVEMP) in healthy guinea pigs.@*Methods@#Eleven healthy (250-350 g) and awake guinea pigs were selected and undertake conventional BCV-cVEMP and BCV-oVEMP examination in prone position. Parameters of waveforms were cauculated.@*Results@#The BCV-cVEMP and BCV-oVEMP both could be elicited in 100% (22/22) in guinea pigs respectively, threshold was (85.5±10.8)dB SPL and (90.7±10.6)dB SPL for cVEMP and oVEMP; n1 latency was (4.5±1.3)ms and (4.3±1.5)ms for cVEMP and oVEMP; p1 latency was (5.8±1.4)ms and (5.6±1.7)ms respectively; n1-p1 interwave latency was (1.2±0.4)ms for cVEMP and (1.4±0.6)ms for oVEMP, amplitude was (21.5±17.3)μV and (24.0±16.3)μV respectively.@*Conclusion@#Both BCV-cVEMP and BCV-oVEMP can be successfully elicited in healthy guinea pigs.

Suppression head impulse paradigm in healthy adult population: the values and features of the parameters / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To observe the parameters of the results of suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP) in healthy adults, and to provide reference for evaluating vestibular oculomotor reflex function in patients with peripheral vertigo.@*Methods@#Fifty healthy adults, 22 males and 28 females, aged from 23-65 years, with an average age of (38.5±11.6) years, were recruited from January to March 2018. Parameters provided by the video head pulse software included the gains, the latency and the peak velocity of saccades, and comparison was made with head impulse paradigm (HIMP).@*Results@#All subjects were elicited anti-compensatory saccades in SHIMP. The normal values of left and right gains were 1.02 and 1.10 in HIMP, and 0.93 and 1.01 in SHIMP respectively. The left and right saccades latency were (201.1± 50.8)ms and (187.0± 42.9)ms, and the peak saccadic velocity were (302.7±58.5)°/s and (291.5±46.5)°/s in SHIMP; there were small but significant difference between two sides about gains in HIMP and SHIMP, as well as latency in SHIMP(P<0.05); there were small but significant difference between HIMP and SHIMP about gains in ipsilateral(P<0.01); there were no significant difference between two sides about peak saccadic velocity in SHIMP(P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#SHIMP can be used for the examination of vestibular oculomotor reflex function in adult population. It is easy to be operated and is convenient for clinical application. Combined with head pulse test, the function of the semicircular canal can be evaluated together.

Pilot study on the functional evaluation of vestibular otolith-organ pathway in the stage of patients with Meniere disease / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To observe the features of air-conducted sound elicited ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential(ACS-oVEMP) and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential(ACS-cVEMP) in patients with Meniere disease (MD). To analyze the relationship between air-conducted sound elicited vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (ACS-VEMP) responses and clinical stages of disease, as well as its clinical application of cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in MD.@*Method@#Fifty six patients with MD and 50 normal subjects (100 ears) were recruited for conventional cVEMP and oVEMP examinations. Grades of vestibular function were also collected for patients with MD. The relationship between VEMPs abnormity, grades of vestibular function and clinical stages of MD were analyzed.@*Results@#The abnormal rates of cVEMP and oVEMP in MD patients were 57.1% (32/56) and 64.3% (36/56), which were significantly higher than those in normal subjects respectively (χ2=22.286, P=0.000; χ2=15.217, P=0.000). The abnormal rates of cVEMP and oVEMP in MD patients of stage Ⅰ to stage Ⅳ were 20.0% (1/5) and 40.0% (2/5), 50.0% (9/18) and 50.0% (9/18), 59.3% (16/27) and 70.4% (19/27), and 100.0% (6/6) and 100.0% (6/6) respectively. There was a significant difference in cVEMP abnormity between four stages of MD patients (P=0.046). Significant correlation was found between clinical stages and the grades of vestibular dysfunction (rs=0.417, P=0.001).@*Conclusions@#Dysfunction of vestibular otolithic organs and their input pathways in patients with MD can be detected by cVEMP and oVEMP tests. The abnormal rates of VEMP could show an gradually increasing trend with the development of MD stages. And the extent of vestibular lesions could be detected by cVEMP and oVEMP tests, which may provide a reference for clinical staging of MD.

Effects of Oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 in Carapax Trionycis on Rats with Liver Fibrosis Induced by CCl4 / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study effects of oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 in carapax trionycis on rats with liver fibrosis induced by CCl4;To discuss its anti-liver fibrosis effects and possible mechanisms. Methods Forty-eight SD male rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, bifendate group, and oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 group, 12 in each group.CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally to build rat liver fibrosis model.Oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 group and bifendate group were given subcutaneous injection of oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 (0.12μg/g) or bifendate (0.12μg/g). At the same time, normal control group and model group were giventhe same volume of saline for seven weeks. The levels ofALT, AST,MDA, SOD, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α were tested.The histomorphology changes were observed under optical microscopeby HE, and the expressions of transforming growth TGF-β1 were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with model group, serum levels of ALT and AST were reduced evidently in oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 group. Hepatic content of MDA, IL-4 and TNF-α decreased, while SOD activity and IL-10 were found significantly increased. Liver fibrosis was ameliorated significantly. Hepatic expressions of TGF-β1 were weakly positive.Conclusion Oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 can ameliorate hepatocyte damage of model rats, thus it has anti-oxidative and anti-liver fibrosis effects on liver fibrosis in rats.

Correlation between talonavicular joint movement and changes of the medial longitudinal arch / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the characteristics of the talonavicular joint movement in vivo and its effects on changes of the medial longitudinal arch.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Foot CT images in the initial position (neutral position) and terminal position (maximum varus-adduction-dorsiflexion position) were acquired from 9 cases (5 healthy volunteers, including 4 males and 1 female) during foot varus-adduction-dorsiflexion motion. Based on the principle of rigid body kinematics, the CT data were reconstructed and analyzed with Mimics and Geomagic reverse engineering software. The changes of the talonavicular joint in three-dimensional in 6 degrees of freedom were calculated to determine its correlation to the medial longitudinal arch angle.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During foot varus-adduction-dorsiflexion motion, the talonavicular joint underwent varus-adduction-plantarflexion motion, with the motion range of 38.82∓5.98° in varus, 19.71∓6.33° in adduction, and -5.09∓6.89° in plantarflexion. During talonavicular joint motion, the medial shift of the navicular was significantly correlated to the changes of foot medial longitudinal arch (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Digital technology can solve the problem of measurement of talonavicular joint three-dimensional motion in vivo. Though as a ball-and-socket joint, the talonavicular joint mainly rotates around the sagittal axis, and its movement is a major factor to cause changes of foot medial longitudinal arch.</p>

Establishment and preliminary application of measuring method for three-dimensional kinematics of the hindfoot joint in vivo / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To establish a new method for measuring the 3-D kinematics of hindfoot joints in vivo by using reverse engineering software together with the theory of rigid body kinematics.Methods CT images were gathered from 9 feet of 5 healthy volunteers in both the initial position (neutral position) and the terminal position (extremely inversion-adduction-dorsiflexion position).The 3-D digital modules of hindfoot joints in the initial position and terminal position were established with MIMICS 10.01 software.The data of reconstructed digital modules was inputted into the GEOMAGIC 10.0 software in STL format for twice registration,and then their relatively displacement and changes of angle in 3-D space between the two positions were calculated Results The rotation range of the tibiotalar joint was 3.89° ±2.77° in eversion,5.29°±4.47° in abduction,10.77°+5.70° in dorsiflexion,and the relative displacement was 0.78±0.59 mm towards lateral ankle,0.18±0.75 mm towards the hindfoot,(0.65±0.71) mm towards the proximal limbs;the range of subtalar joint was 16.46°±2.94° in inversion,12.77°±1.81° in adduction,6.33°±4.32° in plantarflexion,and the relative displacement was 5.50±1.45 mm towards medial ankle,1.96±1.77 mm towards forefoot,0.43±1.18 mm towards distal limbs; the range of talonavicular joint was 38.82°±5.98° in inversion,19.71°±6.33° in adduction,5.09°±6.89° in plantarflexion,and the relative displacement was (9.77±1.73) mm towards medial ankle,3.13±1.29 mm towards hindfoot,4.64±1.42 mm towards proximal limbs.Conclusion This method measuring 3-D kinematics of hindfoot joints in vivo is non-invasive and easy to operate.

Effect of Dexamethasone on Cytokine in Brain of Rats with Endotoxin Shock / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the effect of the dexamethasone on the levels of cytokine in the brain of endotoxin shock rats. Methods 54 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to the sham group, LPS group (lipopolysaccharide 8 mg/kg, i.v.) and DEX group (dexamethasone 5 mg/kg, i.v., in addition). The blood pressure was measured dynamically. The contents of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected with ELISA 1 h, 3 h, 6 h after shock. Results As the occurrence and development of shock, blood pressure went down gradually, IL-4 and IL-10 decreased (P<0.01), and TNF-α increased (P<0.01) in LPS group, while the TNF-α decreased (P<0.01), the IL-4 and IL-10 increased (P<0.01) in the DEX group compared with the LPS group. Conclusion Dexamethasone may protect the brain from the endotoxin shock injury in rats through regulating the inflammatory factor.

Comparative study on metabonomics and on liver and kidney toxicity of Aristolochia fangchi and Stephania tetrandra / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Combined the blood biochemical markers, the renal histopathological changes and the metabonomics profile were investigated to study the toxicity differences between Aristolochia fangchi and Stephania tetrandra.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Ten rats were randomly selected from 70 male Wistar rats as blank control group. The remaining 60 rats were divided into three groups. The two treated groups were orally administrated by 8.1 g x kg(-1) of A. fangchi and S. tetrandra respectively and the control group by equal volume of distilled water for 4weeks. Before the administrated and every 2 weeks, urine and plasma were collected and their 1H-NMR spectra were acquired, and then subjected to data process and PCA. Blood biochemical analysis and histopathological examination were carried out.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>On the 2nd weekend, the BUN of the two treated groups, the AST of A. fangchi group were all markedly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the A. fangchi group, the SCr higher in the S. tetrandra group (P < 0.05). The kidney pathological changes were apparently in the two treated groups and the pathological changes in the liver apparently in the S. tetrandra group. Along with the lasting of administration to the 4th week, the BUN, ALT and AST of the two treated groups, the SCr of A. fangchi group were all significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). The renal and liver injuries in the two treated groups were all become more seriously. Comparing the A. fangchi group, the BUN, SCr and AST were all higher in the S. tetrandra group (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the urinary concentrations of citrate, 2-oxo-glutarate, taurine, hippurate, TMAO, creatine and the plasma concentrations of 3-D-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, NAC, OAC, creatinine were all changed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The A. fangchi and S. tetrandra all can induce the renal and liver lesion and its seriousness is correspondent to the lasting of administration. The liver and kidney toxicity of S. tetrandra are all more serious than the A. fangchi.</p>

Nephrotoxicity study of Aristolochia fangchi in rats by metabonomics / 中西医结合学报

To study the changes of metabolites in rat urine after treatment of Aristolochia fangchi decoction by metabonomic method.

Correlation of diagnostic imaging and autopsy findings of eight patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the imaging findings with pathologic correlation in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS).Methods Imaging findings,autopsy and pathological data were retrospectively analyzed in eight patients with AIDS.Routine CT scanning of different body parts was performed during their hospitalization.CT scanning was performed from the skull to the pelvis immediately following their death.After routine formalin fixing,7 cardevers were cross sectioned for autopsy in freezing state and 1 for gross autopsy.Tissues were obtained from each sections and organs for pathological examinations.Results The autopsy data showed parasitic infections(5 cases),bacterial infections (3 cases),fungal infections(2 cases),virus infections(2 cases),lymphoma(1 case)and cerebrovascular diseases(1 case)in eight patients with AIDS.The CT scanning demonstrated symmetrical ground glass liked shadows with pulmonary hilus as the center in 5 cases of pulmonary PCP infection; pulmonary patchy shadows,scattering distribution of nodular shadows,extensive military nodular shadows with even distribution and tuberculous pleurisy; cloudy shadows for 2 cases of fungi infection with multiple foci of chronic inflammation;pulmonary net-like parenchymal changes for 2 cases of pulmonary CMV infection;thickened intestinal wall and narrowed intestinal lumen for 1 case of intestinal tumor; low density shadows of brain tissue for 1 case of CMV encephalitis and MRI findings of high T_1 and high T_2 signals as well as MRA findings of broken vascular channels in liquefied areas of brain tissues; patchy low density areas inside a cyst of brain for one case of brain toxoplasmosis infection:multiple small patchy low density areas in cerebral basal ganglia for one case of brain cryptococcus infection.Conclusions In AIDS patients,infection and tumor may occur in various organs resulting in complex symptoms,which makes it more complicated and difficult to make accurate diagnosis.A correlative study of imaging findings and pathological manifestation of AIDS patients at autopsy could be helpful for clinical diagnosis.

Diameter measurements of cerebral arteries on three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiograms / 中华放射学杂志

14 years) in female. ICA-C4: (4.3?0.6) mm in male, (3.9?0.6) mm in female. A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery (ACA-A1): (2.1?0.4) mm in male, (2.1?0.4) mm in female. Anterior communicating artery (ACoA): (1.4?0.4) mm in male, (1.3?0.4) mm in female. M1 segment of middle cerebral artery (MCA-M1): (2.7?0.4) mm in male, (2.6?0.4) mm in female. Basilar artery (BA): (2.9?0.5) mm in male, (2.8?0.4) mm in female. P1 segment of posterior cerebral artery (PCA-P1): (2.1?0.5) mm on the left and (2.0?0.5) mm on the right in male, (2.0?0.3) mm on the left and (1.9?0.3) mm on the right in female. PCA-P2: (1.8?0.4) mm in male, (1.7?0.3) mm in female. Posterior communicating artery (PCoA): (1.1?0.3) mm in male, (1.2?0.4) mm in female. Among various diameters, only PCA-P1 had significant difference between the left and the right (P=0.003); only MCA-M1 (P=0.048), PCA-P1 (P=0.012), ICA-C2 (P=0.000) and C4 segments (P=0.000) had significant differences in gender, respectively; and only ICA-C2 had significant difference in age (P=0.001). Of these significantly different diameters, the diameters in male were larger than those in female. There were significant correlation between PCA-P1 and PCA-P2 (r=0.652,P=0.000), and between ICA-C2 and ICA-C4 in female group (r=0.550,P=0.000), respectively. Conclusions The normal values of diameter of cerebral arteries on MR angiograms may play a reference role in diagnosing cerebral vascular diseases.

The Role of MR Angiography in Diagnosing Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To summarize MR manifestations of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and to evaluate the accuracy of MR angiography in determining cerebral AVMs’ aspects. Methods Thirty-six cases of cerebral AVMs were analyzed comparatively between MRA and DSA in sizes, feeding arteries and draining veins. Results Cerebral AVMs were appeared in every part of brain. MRI showed honeycombed and linear flow-void low intensity signal in lesion area, showed flow-void signal of expanded thickening vessels, and showed cerebral atrophy or fraction surrounding the lesions. MRA showed that the sizes of most AVMs were 2～5 cm, that the feeding arteries originate from the expansion of original feeding arteries of these areas, that the draining veins drain from the lesions into the surrounding veins or sinuses. The numbers of these vessels were related positively to the sizes of lesions. The differences in showing AVMs between MRA and DSA were that the sizes of lesions on MRA were more than those on DSA, and the numbers of draining veins on MRA were more than those on DSA. Conclusion MRA may show all signs of AVMs, and is not less than, or superior to DSA in their diagnosis. MRI may play important roles in the examination and the diagnosis of cerebral AVMs.

Effect of Xinmailing Solution on neuronal cell injury induced by glutamate / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To detect the effects of Xinmailing Solution and MK-801 on injury of neuronal cell induced by glutamate. METHODS: Cultured neuronal cell injuried by glutamate was prepared and the content of malondialdehyde and nitrite in cell supernatant was measured. Morphology changes were also observed with discrepancy microscope at the same time. RESULTS: Xinmailing Solution and MK-801 attenuated cell injury induced by glutamate,and inhibited increase in malondialdehyde and nitrite in cell supernatant. CONCLUSION: Xinmailing Solution had a protective effect on neuronal cell at cell level.

Consecutive Three-dimensional Time-of-Flight MRA:Its Capacity in Determining Cerebral Arteries / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the capacity of consecutive three-dimensional time of flight(3D-TOF)MRA and velocity-encoding(Venc)three-dimensional phase-contrast MRA(3D-PC MRA)in determining cerebral arteries.Methods 15 persons being normal on MR images,consecutive 3D-TOF and 3D-PC MR angiograms were selected prospectively to evaluate the difference between two MRA techniques in determining cerebral arteries.The 38 normal sides of 43 cerebral arteriographic cases undergone MRA and DSA were selected retrospectively to evaluate the capacity of MRA technique in determining cerebral arteries with DSA criterion.Results The branch grades of ACA,MCA or PCA demonstrated by 3D-TOF technique were not respectively different from that by 3D-PC.But the former imaging quality was much better than that of the later.The branch grades of ACA,MCA or PCA shown by MRA were respectively different from those by DSA.These grades of ACA,MCA shown by MRA were one less than those by DSA,and that of PCA shown by MRA was a few different from that by DSA.Conclusion The capacity of consecutive 3D-TOF MRA in demonstrating cerebral arteries is less than that of DSA,but it is enough to most cerebral vascular diseases.