Impact of foliar spray of spherical nano-carbon and salicylic acid on physiological traits and parthenolide content in two feverfew cultivars [tanacetum parthenium linn. cv. pharmasaat and jelitto]

Background: Biotic and abiotic elicitors produce secondary metabolites and alter physiological traits of the plants by affecting some of the mechanisms within the plant cells

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of spherical nano-carbon and salicylic acid on physiological traits and paratolenolidae content in Feverfew

Methods: This research was conducted in a factorial experiment based on randomized completely design [CRD] under greenhouse conditions. The first factor was Feverfew cultivar with two levels [T.parthenium Linn. cv. Jelitto and T. parthenium Linn. cv. Pharmasaat], the second factor was foliar spray of spherical nano-carbon with 5 levels [0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L] and the third factor was considered as foliar spray of salicylic acid with two levels [0 and 0.2 mM]

Results: The results showed that the cultivars, different concentrations of spherical nano-carbon, salicylic acid and their interactions had a significant effect on some of the studied traits. Two cultivars in the content of chlorophyll a and b and parthenolide showed significant differences at P<0.01. Also, the effect of spherical nano-carbon and salicylic acid concentrations on parethenolide content of extract was significant [P <0.01]. However, the highest content of parthenolide [24.22 Mug/0.1 g dry matter] was observed in pharmasaat and at the concentration of 500 mg/L spherical nano-carbon without salicylic acid application

Conclusion: Application of spherical nano-carbon at concentration of 500 mg/L along with 0.2 mM salicylic acid improved physiological traits and metabolic content of both cultivars

[Compare the effects of Benson relaxation and slowe stroke back massage on the level of anxiety among unstable angina patients]

Introduction: Unstable angina, ischemic disease is almost the most dangerous, and now more than half of the cases admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit are included. Anxiety is usually high in these patients, leading to worsening disease. To compare two methods of surface relaxation and massage strokes behind the anxiety level of hospitalized patients with unstable angina was part CCU

Method: This study is a clinical trial of Imam Khomeini [ra] was Poldokhtar 1391, 114 patients with unstable angina based on inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into three groups Tessellation method of intervention [both groups and control group] were assigned. collect data in this study included demographic characteristic and the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory. intervention group, Massage S.S. B.M And the relaxation times in the first 2 days of hospitalization each day for 10 min and 20 min, respectively, at 8-6, was carried out. In the control group there was no intervention. Levels of anxiety before and immediately after the intervention [massage, relaxation] and the control group were measured and recorded at the same time. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and statistical parameters such as mean, standard deviation and range and interpretation of statistics [analysis], such as analysis of covariance, Anu Wa and Tukey test were used to analyze the data

Results: The findings showed that the average level of anxiety before and after the massage strokes back [P<0.001], there was no significant difference. The mean anxiety before and after relaxation [P<0.001], there was also a significant difference. The mean difference between anxiety and vital signs before and after the two groups was significant [P<0.001]. Masazhastrvk surface behind Benson relaxation in reducing anxiety in patients with unstable angina and the effect of massage strokes behind the surface, most of the Benson Relaxation

Conclusion: The results indicate the effectiveness of the surface Masazhastrvk and relaxation in reducing anxiety in patients with unstable angina, respectively. Masazhastrvk impact surface was further back than Benson relaxation. According to the results of two methods of anxiety management practices accepted as a simple and reliable learning can be used by nurses

[Sexual satisfaction and its related factors in primigravidas]

Pregnancy and childbirth is one of the most important stages of women's life. Sexual satisfaction may change during pregnancy. These changes could lead to negative long effects on mother's sexual and mental health. This study was conducted with the aim of assessing sexual satisfaction o f primigravidas and its related factors. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 230 primigravid women admitted to hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data was collected by the adjusted version of Hudson's Index of Sexual Satisfaction [ISS] and were analyzed using SPSS-PC [v.14]. The mean score for sexual satisfaction was 133.6 +/- 11.2. The findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between women's age, their husbands' age, length of marriage, occupation, planned/ unplanned pregnancy, type of family, consultant with midwives, having pregnancy complication and concerning about fetus and sexual satisfaction[p<0.0001-0.006]. Helping primigravidas to get more sexual pleasure during pregnancy would be accomplished by taking their sexual histories and resolve their misconceptions about sexual satisfaction

[Evaluation of the effect of continuous midwifery support on pain intensity in labor and delivery]

Because of high prevalence of severe labor pain and adverse complications for the mother and baby, seeking methods for pain relief is necessary. Continuous midwifery support is one of the nonpharmacologic methods of pain relief. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of continuous midwifery support on the pain intensity of labour and delivery. In this clinical trail, 100 primiparous women in delivery department of Emam Hossein hospital in Zanjan, Iran, in 2007, were randomly selected and divided into two groups. The exprerimental group received continuous midwifery support based on the effective management of normal childbirth, consistsing of: emotional, information, and physical support. The control group received only usual care. The scale of collection of data was questionnaire and check list. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic methods [t-test, chi-squre and Mann-Whitney tests]. Pain intensity of Labour [p=0.002] and the second stage of delivery [p=0.009] among the supported or [experimental] group was less than that of the control group. Duration of labour [p=0.005] and second stage of delivery [p=0.001] in the supported group was also less than that of the control group. There was no relations between pain intensity with age, educatinal level, job and economic status. Continous midwifery support along with management of normal childbirth principles reduce intensity of pain labour and delivery

[Effects of cefixime on the testis structure and pituitary-gonadal hormones in adult Balb/C mice]

Cefixime is an antimicrobial agent which has a widespread ability against various pathogens, especially gram-negative organisms. Today, physicians apply cephalosporins especially cefixime in a wide scale. Regarding the side effects of some of these antibiotics on reproductive system, this study was conducted to determine the effect of cefixime on pituitary-gonadal hormones, gonadotrophins and testes morphology in adult male mice. Eighteen male mice [age: 12-16 weeks, weight: 35 +/- 5 gr] were divided into three groups; control, sham and experimental [6 mice in each group]. Experimental group received cefixime [0.5 gr/kg/day] as a solution in dimethyl solfoxide [DMSO] for 10 days; the sham group received only drug solvent [DMSO] via IP injection and the control group remained intact. The animals were weighed and sacrificed. Level of hormones was measured by Radioi Immuno Assay [RIA] method. Then, tissues were fixed in Buin's fixative. Sections were cut into 5 micro m thicknesses and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin [H and E]. Data were analyzed using T-test and SPSS software. Count of spermatogenic, Sertoli and leydig cells and titer of FSH significantly decreased in the experimental group in comparison with the control and sham groups [P<0.01 and P<0.05]. In the experimental group, DHEA hormone decreased significantly [P<0.05] in comparison with sham. No significant differences were seen in other factors between the groups. Regarding physiological role of Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis, reduction of FSH hormone may lead to negative effects on the sperm production and reproductive potential of male mice

[Comparison of the PCR and LAMP techniques in the diagnosis of salmonella infection]

There are several techniques for the diagnosing of salmonella infectious. Several molecular methods such as PCR and hybridization assay have recently been used for the detection of this bacterium. However, these methods require precision instruments for amplification and complex procedures, which are the major obstacles to the widespread use of these methods in relatively small scale clinical laboratories, clinics and the filed laboratories. Recently, a new, rapid and sensitive technique called loop-mediated isothermal amplification [LAMP] was developed. In this study we used 7 different strains of salmonella to compare the PCR with LAMP method. For PCR test we used thermocycler, but The LAMP reaction can be conducted under isothermal conditions by using only one type of enzyme and four primers recognizing six distinct regions. The most important merit of this method is that no denaturation of the DNA template is required, so, technique is simple and no need to thermocycler machine and several temperatures cycles. Conventional PCR method for the detection of Salmonella with standard thermocylcer takes 3 hrs but, with LAMP method we were able to amplify and detect the salmonella in very simple thermal block made in IRAN. After Optimization of the process it was possible to rapidly detect and identify Salmonella typhi bacteria within 90 minutes. This method was also 100 times more sensitive comparing to the PCR method. According to the results, comparing LAMP isothermal amplification method for detection and identification of Salmonella with conventional PCR we have been able to determine the simplicity, speed [3 times] and the superior sensitivity [100 times] of the LAMP to PCR method. This Method is more simple, faster and cheaper [10 times]. Another advantage is independence to cycle's temperature and thermo-cycling and replacement with one thermo block which is very simple, inexpensive and made in inside the country

[Trend of exercise before, during and after pregnancy]

Pregnancy and Postpartum is the best period for gaining health behaviors, including exercise, to promote quality of life is pregnancy and postpartum. The aim of the present study was to examine the trend of exercise activities before, During and after pregnancy. This was a retrospective longitudinal study, in which 225 women were enrolled by continuous sampling. The most frequent exercise, before, during and after pregnancy was walking. The result of Repeated measure test showed that trend of exercise before pregnancy to 3 months after that was negative. This study showed that the trend of physical activity decreased from the priod before pregnancy to 3 month after that, so it is suggested that professional care in prenatal ward, vaccination clinic and family planning clinic focus on encouraging women to continue their activity, during and after pregnancy

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of cleaning staff regarding hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B virus [HBV] is endemic in human population. It is estimated that 400 million people are infected with HBV in the world. Healthcare workers face with the risk of HBV infection during their work. Despite the increase of the disease, lack of knowledge regarding the mode of transmission and methods of prevention including immunization is still a threat. The aim of this descriptive study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice of cleaning staff at Labafinejad Hospital regarding prevention of HBV. A questionnaire and a checklist of observation were used for data collection. The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts: 1] 18 questions regarding demographic characteristics; 2] 32 questions on knowledge, route of transmission and prevention of HBV infection; 3] 18 questions on attitude and 4] 4 questions regarding practice. It was validated and made reliable by content and test-retest methods [r=0.87]. The questionnaire was distributed among 100 cleaning staff. Finding showed that 75% of samples was male and 25% female. Knowledge score on universal precautions was moderate, attitude was good and practice was moderate. The results also showed that their attitude and practice were significantly correlated [P=0.009], practice had a significant correlation with age and sex [P=0.03]. However, Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between knowledge with attitude, [P=0.35] and knowledge with practice [P=0.12]. It can be concluded that cleaners had positive attitude toward HBV and implementation of universal precautions. On the other hand, cleaners had moderate knowledge and practice with regard to the mode of transmission. Therefore, performing comprehensive educational programs for cleaning staff regarding universal precautions seems necessary

Rapid detection of different serovares of Salmonella entrica by multiplex PCR

Typhoid fever is still one of the serious public health problems in many geographic areas and is endemic in most countries. Aim of current study was to evaluate a shortened time -Multiplex PCR for rapid detection of different Salmonella enterica serovars. The PCR primers for three target genes tyv.prt and invA were subjected for amplification by PCR. By using simple DNA extraction method, rapid PCR cycles and rapid electrophoresis procedure with simple and very cheap buffer were utilized in 200 to 300 volts for 15 minutes to separate the PCR products. The results showed that all reference and clinical isolates of S. enterica were accurately identified by this assay with no cross reaction with other enterobacterial strains tested. Detection limit of the reaction was to be fewer than 10[-1] colony forming unit. These data indicate that the optimized rapid cycle multiplex PCR is a potentially valuable tool for rapid diagnosis of S. enterica using a conventional thermal cycler. This method reduced the reaction time of PCR from 3.5 h to less than 1 h.

Surveying mental health status of nursing and non-nursing students of Shahroud Islamic Azad University

When we speak of mental health, we consider a fresh and cheerful person who live and work with strong steps and friendly look. Activity, movement and freshness are signs of a healthy person and mental health is required for maintenance the social, job and educational activity. The present study was conducted to compare the mental health among female nursing and non-nursing students of Shahroud Islamic Azad University. Totally, 180 nursing and 180 non-nursing students were selected randomly. They were asked to complete General Mental Health Questionnaire [GHQ-28]. Then results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Although there were no statistically significant differences between nursing and non-nursing students regarding their mental health and its criteria [physical disorders, anxiety, sleep disorders, social behavior, and depression], both groups showed a high psychasthenia status. Results showed that university students are prone to losing their mental health due to their condition. However, depression, anxiety and other mental disorders may lead to decreased educational performance

Flood occurrence hazard forecasting based on geographical information system

The application of Geographical Information system [GIS] in modeling flood and its prediction in catchments offers considerable potential. Several examples illustrate simple GIS techniques to produce flood hazard indices or its zonation using hydrologic-type models. Existing flood models can also be loosely coupled to a GIS, such as the HMS [Hydrological Modeling System] model. Forethermore, models can be fully integrated into a GIS by embedded coupling, such as the SCS [Soil Conservation Service] model. Installation of flood forecasting systems in watersheds with incomplete hydrometric data may reduce the flood-induced damages. In this study Geographical Information system used to up to date the watershed data and estimation of SCS model parameters which is sensible to considered the real time flood forecasting in Kasilian catchment of Mazandaran province. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of the linkage between GIS with a comprehensive hydrologic model, especially HMS. The use of GIS could produce a suitable agreement between observed results [extracted rainfall and runoff data of 1992, 1995 and 1996 from the related stations] with the calculated results of the hydrological model. The obtained results from rainfall-runoff process simulations of the model in this research showed that submergibility of the main watershed, Kasillian, does not depend on the outlet discharge rate of each one of its watershed independently. But it is related to how those two outlet hydrographs from main river watershed are combined. The model is capable of showing the flood characteristics temporally and spatially in each cross section of the channel network