[ evaluation of melatonin effect on in-vitro development of mouse preimplantation embryos]

Melatonin promotes in-vitro embryo development in different species. This study studied the effects of melatonm on in-vitro mouse preimplantation embryo development. Two-cell embryos were obtained from oviduct of 6-8 weeks female NMRI mice 48 hours after administration of an intra-pentoneal injection of 5 lU/ml pregnant mares serum gonadotrophin and subsequent 5 ILJ/ml human chononic gonadotrophin [ip]. Embryos were cultured in T6 culture medium supplemented with different dosages of melatonin [0 [control group], 100x10[-6]M, 10 x10[-6]M, 1x10[-6], 100x10[-9]M and 10 x10[-9]M [1-5 treatment groups]]. With due attention to percent of embryos in different stages, the rate of development of embryos was assessed using of invert microscope. It is also compared to control group. The results showed that the rate of cleavage and development of mouse the embryos to blastocyst stage increased significantly in the development culture medium supplemented with 10 and 100 nM/mg of melatonin in comparison to control group [p< 0.001]. The results of this study demonstrate that, enriching the culture medium with melatonin, improve mouse preimplantation development

[Evaluating of the risk factors of macrosomia in labours performed in Baharloo hospital during two years [1380-1381]]

Background: Macrosomia, which is defined as birth weight more than 90 percentile of the population, has multiple side effects on mother and the newborn. The most important side effect is the shoulder dystocia which can increase injuries during birth. Multiple factors are involved in inducing macrosomia. This study was designed to determine rate and risk factors of macrosomia in a training hospital in Tehran

Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the rate of macrosomia [birth weights equal to or more than 4 kilograms] and its risk factors in newborns of Baharloo hospital in years 1380 and 1381. 206 out of 3377 born infants had macrosomia [6.1 %]. These macrosomic infants were compared with 575 control infants who had weights less than 4 kilograms

Results: Analysis of data by "SPSS" showed that macrosomia is increased in situations as: mother's old age [P=0.000, r= 0.183], mother's diabetes [P=0.001], mother's high weight [P=0.000, r= 0.002], prolonged gestational age [P=0.000, r= 0.29], mother's multiparity [P=0.000]. Macrosomia was more in male infants [P=0.012]

Conclusions: Our results indicate that macrosomia is relatively common in Tehran. Mother's old age, mother's diabetes, mother's high weight, prolonged gestational age, and mother's multiparity are risk factors which can inducing macrosomia. Predicting or prevention of some of these factors can decrease macrosomia or its side effects

Evaluating of the risk factors of macrosomia in labours performed in Baharloo hospital during two years [1380-1381]

Macrosomia, which is defined as birth weight more than 90 percentile of the population, has multiple side effects on mother and the newborn. The most important side effect is the shoulder dystocia which can increase injuries during birth. Multiple factors are involved in inducing macrosomia. This study was designed to determine rate and risk factors of macrosomia in a training hospital in Tehran. This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the rate of macrosomia [birth weights equal to or more than 4 kilograms] and its risk factors in newborns of Baharloo hospital in years 1380 and 1381. 206 out of 3377 born infants had macrosomia [6.1%]. These macrosomic infants were compared with 575 control infants who had weights less than 4 kilograms. Analysis of data by "SPSS" showed that macrosomia is increased in situations as: mother's old age [P=0.000, r= 0.183], mother's diabetes [P=001], mother's high weight [P=0.000, r= 0.002], prolonged gestational age [P=0.000, r= 0.29], mother's multiparity [P=0.000]. Macrosomia was more in male infants [P=0.012]. Our results indicate that macrosomia is relatively common in Tehran. Mother's old age, mother's diabetes, mother's high weight, prolonged gestational age, and mother's multiparity are risk factors which can inducing macrosomia. Predicting or prevention of some of these factors can decrease macrosomia or its side effects