RESUMO
Background and Objective: Nano-sized particles at scale of 1 to 100 nm, called nanoparticles. In addition, the composition and structure of materials is also one of the factors influencing the material properties.With the advent of nanotechnology and due to increasing antimicrobial properties of nanoscale silver it can also be used in the fight against various human pathogens. This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized by green method against the standard strains Escherichia coli k12 and Escherichia coli 25922
Methods: In this descriptive study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Prosopis farcta seed exudates and analyzed by UV visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles was evaluated using broth macro-dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] of silver nanoparticles was determined on the standard strains of Escherichia coli k12 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922
Results: Transmission electron microscopy showed nanoparticles with diameters in the range between 5-35 nm with a maximum frequency range in 20-25 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of bacteria, of E. coli k12 and E. coli 25922 respectively, were 1.56 and 0.39 micro g/ml [ppm] and minimum bactericidal concentrations of 3.12 and 0.78 micro g/ml wiring [ppm]
Conclusion: Biological synthesis using P. farcta seed is a inexpensive, method and require no energy. Due to the strong antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles, can be a suitable alternative for disinfectants, disinfection and control of pathogens
RESUMO
Statement of Problem: Different imaging modalities are used for diagnostic objectives in implant treatment and the results are interpreted using individual subjective measurements. The significant differences among the observers' interpretation may result in various treatment outcomes
Purpose: The present study was done to assess the radiologists' agreement on measurement of alveolar bone dimensions in tomographies before implant surgeries
Materials and Method: In this observational diagnostic study, 30 digital conventional tomography images in a dental implant clinic were displayed on a monitor and four observers assessed them using "Digora for windows" software. The length and width of the alveolar bone in the implant recipient site were determined by the observers independently. The data were analyzed using paired T-Test and variance for repeated measures
Results: The means of the predicted length of the alveolar bone were 30.33, 31.48, 30.63 and 30.8 mm and those for the width were 12.0, 11.63, 12.13 and 7.82 mm, as estimated by each observer. The mean predicted value for the width of the implant recipient site was significantly different among observers [p <0.0001], but no significant difference was found for length. The observers' agreement in width assessment with 1mm difference was 3.3% to 40% and 10% to 73.3% with 2mm difference. The observers' agreement in the length detection was 16.7% to 33.3% with 1 mm difference and 33.3% to 60% within 2 mm difference. A higher observer agreement was found in the prediction of the alveolar bone length compared to the width
Conclusion: The results of the study show that the observers' agreement on detecting the alveolar bone length and width in the implant recipient site is not acceptable. However, a slightly higher agreement was estimated for the length of the alveolar bone as compared to the width