relationship between depression with self injury in army soldiers seen in a military medical outpatient clinic in Tehran

An increasing number of researches and articles attest to the growing attention being paid to depression in civilian population but few authors have studied soldiers. This study investigates the depression of soldiers who referred to an outpatient clinic for physical problems by use of a self-administered scale. Three hundred one [301] soldiers serving in the Army, aged 21.49+2.02 years, were examined when visited an outpatient clinic in Tehran [2006-2007]. The beck depression inventory-21 was used to assess degree of depression in soldiers and to examine possible associations with sociodemographic variables. Interviews with patients were accomplished by the physician for diagnosis of self injury. SPSS [version 12] soft ware was used for statistical analysis. Out of the 301 soldiers 31.9% were normal and 6.6% have severe depression. There was not a significant relationship between depression and self injury [p>0.05]. Depression associated with age, education status, addiction in parents, education status in parents, job of father and time of exercise in soldiers [p<0.05]. A large number of soldiers present undiagnosed psychological problems such as depression. Interventions to decrease depression and emotional problems among soldiers are necessary

Effect endotracheal suction on superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in CABG patients

Executing some nursing and medicine activities, may increase the production of Free Radicals of Electrons, which results in a kind of oxidative stresses when Anti-oxidants fail to defend the body So the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of suction with a tube located inside the Trachea on the amount of Oxidative Stress Indexes on C.A.B.G patients. This is a clinical trial study. A number of 35 patients were under CABG and they had a endothrachial tube and were under Mechanical Ventilation. In this method, first blood sampling is performed in 3 times [before and right after the suction and 15 minutes after the suction]. Then, the amount of Catalyse Anti- Oxidants and Super Oxide Dismutase are measured. The results showed that means of Super Oxide Dismutase in periods of before and right after the suction and 15 minutes after the suction had a meaningful differences and a raising trend. [P<0.05]. However in the case of Catalyse in the same mentioned periods there was no significant. Suction is a radical bringing process, which apposes some changes on the activities of Anti-oxidants. When Anti- oxidants fail to defend [the body], oxidative stress emerges. Therefore, necessary amendment programs needed to amend the above-mentioned process according the scientific researches

[ relationship between nurse's perception of their head nurses empowerment behaviors and their own work effectiveness]

Background: powerlessness has become endemic among most nurses in their work setting, as the result of inappropriate distribution of power in hospitals, allocating power to only a few, at the top of hospital hierarchy imposing it. The objective of this study is determining the relationship between nurse's perception of their head nurses empowerment behaviors and their own work effectiveness

Material and methods: 194 registered nurses occupied in three teaching hospitals of Baqiatallah, Jamaran and Najmieh that had been working more than 1 year of nursing experience and had not experienced the managerial practice entered the study by stratified random sampling in 2005. This study is a cross-sectional and correlational survey. "Leader Empowering Behavior" scale with 27 items [alpha: 0.82] and "Global Work Effectiveness" scale with 24 item [alpha: 0.89] was used. Self reported questionnaire completed by nurses outside their work setting

Results: nurses in this study obtained a high score in L.E.B. scale [5.08+1.2] and also in G.W.E. scale obtained the moderate score [4.94+0.749]. "Confidence in the employee" rated the most empowering leader behaviors [5.34+1.24] and "autonomy from bureaucracy" rated the lower behavior [4.94+1.31]. For subscales of G.W.E. most their work effectiveness related to "clinical care role" [5.37+0.752] and lower their work effectiveness related to "researcher role" [3.96+1.1]

Conclusion: results showed that there is a relationship between head nurse's empowering behaviors and staff nurses work effectiveness perception. This finding points out the organizational managers that have an important role in increasing work effectiveness through empowering leader behaviors. To gain an obvious understanding of work empowerment concept, more survey is suggested

[General health assessment of Army soldiers seen in a military medical outpatient clinic in Tehran]

Background: the problem of the undiagnosed and inadequate treatment of mental disorders in people who visit health services has been studied in Iran and some countries. There is not, however, enough information for soldiers. This study investigates the general health status of soldiers who referred to an outpatient clinic for physical problems by use of a self-administered scale

Materials and methods: three hundred one [301] soldiers serving in the Army, aged 21.49 +/- 2.02 years, were examined when they visited an outpatient clinic in Tehran [2006]. The 28-item Persian version of the General Health Questionnaire was administered to subjects to determine their mental health status and to examine possible associations with sociodemographic variables

Results: one hundred seventy four out of 301 individuals [57.8%] were classified as GHQ cases. GHQ caseness was statistically associated with physical inactivity, self injury, prison history and time of serving. On the subscale "somatic symptoms" 46.8%, "anxiety and insomnia" 46.5%, "social function" 38.9% and "depression" 62.1% were healthy

Conclusions: a large number of soldiers present undiagnosed psychological problems. Since soldiers are in danger of losing their health due to their situation, some improvements should be done to promote their general health

[ prevalence of migraine in patients with major depression disorder in Tehran [2005]]

Background: There is known association between migraine and affective disorders, but the information is sparse concerning the prevalence of the migraine in subgroups of the affective disorders. The purpose of this study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of migraine headaches in major depression disorder [MOD] patients in number of psychiatric hospitals

Materials and methods: One hundred five patients with major depression disorder in psychiatric wards of five hospitals were examined by an epidemiological study. All subjects had DSM-IV criteria for MOD. Migraine was diagnosed according to IHS-Criteria. Interviews with patients were accomplished by the physicians. SPSS-12 was used for statistical analysis

Results: From one hundred five MOD patients 62[59%] had migraine headaches. The mean age was 41+/-1.3 years [range between19-79]. From 29 women 16[55.2%] and from 76 men 46[60.5%] had migraine headache. Only 15 [14.3%] subjects had graduated degree

Conclusions: Migraine headache was seen with increased frequency in the MOD population. Because the clinical statement for missing migraine are enormous, recognition of the common co-morbidity of migraine headaches with MOD is essential from point of the possibility of using the association of MOD with migraine to study both the pathophysiology and genetics of these affective disorders

prevalence of migraine in patients with major depression disorder in Tehran [2005]

There is a known association between migraine and affective disorders, but the information is sparse concerning the prevalence of the migraine in subgroups of the affective disorders. The purpose of this study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of migraine headaches in major depressive disorder [MDD] patients in number of psychiatric hospitals. One hundred five patients with major depressive disorder in psychiatric wards of five hospitals were examined by an epidemiological study. All subjects had DSM-IV criteria for MDD. Migraine was diagnosed according to IHS-Criteria. Interviews with patients were accomplished by the physicians. SPSS-12 was used for statistical analysis. From one hundred five MDD patients 62 [59%] had migraine headaches. The mean age was 41 +/- 1.3 years [range between 19 -79]. From 29 women 16 [55.2%] and from 76 men 46 [60.5%] had migraine headache. Only 15 [14.3%] subjects had graduated degree. Migraine headache was seen with increased frequency in the MDD population. Because the clinical statement for missing migraine are enormous, recognition of the common co-morbidity of migraine headaches with MDD is essential from point of the possibility of using the association of MDD with migraine to study both the pathophysiology and genetics of these affective disorders