[Effects of self-management program on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and glycosylated hemoglobin]

Introduction: today self-management is one of the strategies for chronic disease control such as diabetes. Self-management activities are designed based on patients' active participation in control and management of chronic disease challenges and prevention of disease complications

Objective: this study aimed to examine the effect of diabetes self-management program on blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin among patients with type 2 diabetes

Methods: in this randomized, controlled trial, 80 patients with type 2 diabetes who referred to Rasht Diabetes Association participated. They were randomly assigned to two groups of intervention and control. Self-management program involved knowledge and understanding, problem-solving process, diet plan, walking and stress management which were taught to patients for three weeks and followed for two months. Data were gathered by demographic questionnaire and measurement of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin before and eight weeks after the intervention. In addition patients' blood glucose level was monitored weekly. Data were analyzed by statistical tests such as Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Student-t, Paired-t tests and repeated measure ANOVA

Results: findings showed no significant differences in experimental and control group as regard to demographic, disease condition, drug use and blood glucose criteria. Blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin improved significantly in experiment group two months after the intervention. These changes were not seen in the control group. In addition a significant difference was shown between the two groups as regard to level of glycosylated hemoglobin after intervention [P<0/001]

Conclusion: in attention to findings, it can be concluded that self-management program promotes blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore self-management promotion program can serve as guide in improvement of patient health

[ effect of exercise and diet regimen on body mass index of obese teen girls in schools of Karaj city, Iran]

Introduction: Obesity-induced changes in body mass due to lack of movement and poor diet is one of the important factors in adolescent children. It is becoming a big problem in new generation around world. Exercise and diet are more effective factors on obesity control. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercise and diet on body mass index in obese teen girls in schools of Karaj city, Iran

Method: In this quasi-experimental study, 70 cases of adolescent students in 3[th] area of Karaj with class 1 obesity [BMI between 31 and 35], were randomly assigned in control and intervention groups. Height, weight and BMI were measured in both groups before and after intervention. Interventions were include exercise and diet therapy about 1 hour, for 8 weeks. Paired and independent t tests used to data analysis based on SPSS software 17"Th

Results: The average age of participants were 15.33 years. There was a significant reduction in Intervention group after 8 weeks, while the control group has a little increase in BMI. The average mean of BMI in intervention group had a significant decrease compared to the control group [P<0.001]

Conclusion: The results of this study show that regularly aerobic exercise and diet can reduce body mass index in school age girls. By the way finding the best intervention need more studies

effects of child and parent eating style on obesity of school age girls

The research has shown that there is relationship between obesity in childhood and adulthood, and also, there is a direct relationship between obesity of parent, eating style and habit in family, and children obesity. This study was conducted to examine the effects of eating style of child and parent on obesity of school age girls. This research was quasi-experimental study. The sample size included 97 healthy school age girls with BMI percentile above 85% in Shahriar city. They were randomly allocated to either experimental or control group [50 children in the control group and 47 children in experimental group]. The samples in experimental group and their mothers received behavioral modification teaching in 7 sessions and 16 week fallow up was accomplished. Before intervention and also after intervention [every month for 3 months], BMI percentile was recorded for samples of both groups. The samples also completed eating style questionnaire before and after intervention and their mothers did so. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of BMI percentile [P=0.015]. There was no statistical significant difference between two groups in terms of eating style of child and mother [P < 0.05]. Eating style of parent and child has an effect on child obesity and modification of eating style in parent and child is effective in treatment of obesity in children

[Healthy behaviors of female teenagersliving in orphanage centers and living with their families]

Healthy behaviors of teenagers are effective on the community development. This study was carried out in order to compare healthy behaviors of female teenagers living with their families and in orphanage centers in Tehran. This was a cross-sectional study. The subjects were consisted of 110 female teenagers that 55 of them dwelled in the orphanage centers and the remaining lived with their families. Both groups were studying at the same schools. Samples were selected using stratified random sampling method. Questionnaire was used to gather data. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods in SPSS software. There were statistically significant differences between two groups in nutrition [P < 0.0003], sleep and rest [P < 0.001], physical exercise [P < 0.0013], and individual health [P < 0.001]. Total score of health behaviors were 112.3, and 87.8 in family group and orphanage group respectively [P < 0.001]. The average score of health behaviors in girls that reside in orphanage centers was lower than the score of them who lived with their families. This shows the necessity of planning educational and managerial tools to improve their healthy behaviors

[Impact of training communication skills to nurses on patients' satisfaction with nurse-patient relationship]

One of the most important factors in increasing patient satisfaction and improving healthcare outcomes is appropriate nurse-patient relationship. This quasi-experimental study was performed to determine the impact of training communication skills to nurses on patients' satisfaction with nurse-patient relationship. All 60 nurses working in medical and infection wards of Imam Khomeini and Vali-e-Asr hospitals were chosen and were divided into two control and experimental groups. Similarly, 80 patients were chosen from the same wards by convenience sampling and divided into two control and experimental groups at each stage of the study. A questionnaire was used for gathering data collected before and 1 month after the intervention. After the first stage, nurses in the experimental group took part in communication-skill workshop for two days, each lasted 8 hours. Findings showed a significant difference between patients' satisfaction before and after the intervention in the experimental group [P<0.001]. There was also a significant difference in patients' satisfaction after instruction between experimental and control groups [P<0.001]. It can be concluded that communication skill training in nurses has positive effects on patients' satisfaction. Thus, communication skill training programs is recommended for nurses to improve the quality of nursing care and increase patients' satisfaction