protective role of transplanted bone marrow cells against injuries induced by a chemical carcinogen and / or gamma-rays in kidney tissue of rats

Aim of the work: This work aimed to study the biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney of male albino rats post exposure to 6Gy of gamma radiation and the protective role of transplanted bone marrow cells against damage induced in rat's kidney by a chemical carcinogen

Materials and Methods: In this study, forty eight healthy and active male albino rats about 120 grams in body weight were used. The animals were housed in plastic cages under normal temperature, pressure, humidity and good ventilation conditions during the whole period of experimentation. The animals were fed on a standard pellet diet and water

Results: Exposure of rats to gamma-radiation caused a significant increase in kidney function tests, decreased significantly the antioxidants with numerous histopathological changes in the rat kidney tissue. These changes were ameliorated by bone marrow transplantation either after whole body gamma-irradiation and/or Fe-NTA treatment

Conclusion: Bone marrow transplantation either after whole body gamma-irradiation and/or Fe-NTA treatment restored the kidney functions and ameliorated the oxidative stress and antioxidants markers. The histopathological observations showed amelioration in the structure of the kidney cortex. So, BM transplantation exerts some curative effects on the function and histological structure of kidney cortex of rats exposed to gamma-irradiation and/or Fe-NTA treatment

protective effect of BM transplantation on liver tissue by a chemical carcinogen or gamma- radiation in rats

Aim of work: this work aimed to study the biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver of male albino rats post exposure to 6Gy of gamma radiation and the possible protective effect of bone marrow [BM] transplantation on the liver tissues by a chemical carcinogen ferric nitrilotriacetate [Fe-NTA] or gamma- radiation in rats

Materials and methods: In this study, thirty six healthy and active male albino rats about 120 grams in body weight were used. The animals were housed in plastic cages under normal temperature, pressure, humidity and good ventilation conditions during the whole period of the experiment. The animals were fed on a standard pellet diet and water. Animals were categorized into six groups and served as the following groups: control, gamma irradiated[R], Fe-NTA, BM+R, BM + Fe-NTA and BM.+Fe-NTA+R

Results: the present results suggested that exposure to gamma-radiation or Fe-NTA induced a significantly disturbance in the liver functions and structure. They increased significantly the oxidative stress and decreased significantly the antioxidants tissues and they also increased necrotic and apoptotic cells in rat's liver tissue. Bone marrow transplantation either after whole body gamma-irradiation or Fe-NTA treatment restored the liver functions and structure. BT also ameliorated the oxidative stress and antioxidative markers. The histopathological observations recorded some amelioration in the apoptotic and necrotic evaluation in liver tissue

Tuberculosis and migration: a review

In the past decade, the number of new cases of tuberculosis worldwide has barely declined and national tuberculosis control and elimination programmes in many high-income countries worldwide are increasingly challenged to address the problem of disease in foreign-born residents and migrant workers. Routine immigration medical screening, either before or after arrival in the recipient country, is designed to avoid the admission of migrants who pose a public health threat. Screening measures, however, have changed with time largely based on respect for individuals' rights. This paper reviews the measures that are being used by countries to screen immigrants and improve their health well-being, and presents cases studies from two Eastern Mediterranean Region countries

One stage resection of acute sigmoid volvulus

In a descriptive prospective study, 20 patients with sigmoid volvulus and two with ileosigmoid knotting had primary resection of the redundant sigmoid colon with an immediate anastomosis after intraoperative antegrade colonic irrigation. Tube caecostomy was established in the two patients who required resection of both small bowel and sigmoid colon and in a further five patients in whom the integrity of the colorectal anastomosis was suspected. There was no clinical anastomosis leak and no mortality in any of the patients. Superficial wound infection occurred in three patients. The duration of hospital stay ranged from 10 to 14 days. The result showed that the procedure was associated with an acceptable morbidity and a short hospital stay. Also, it suggested that the resection of acute sigmoid volvulus and primary anastomosis after antegrade intraoperative colonic lavage safely provided that the patient is reasonably fit

Role of laparoscopy in the evaluation of abdominal stab wounds

Laparoscopy was performed on 30 patients with stab wounds to the abdomen to identify those with peritoneal penetration. Diagnostic or therapeutic manoeuvres were not attempted, evidence of peritoneal penetration mandated exploratory laparotomy. All patients were haemodynamically stable, with no evidence of intraperitoneal injury by clinical assessment. Eighteen patients [60%] underwent negative laparoscopy and no intraperitoneal injury was subsequently detected. Most of the patients [89%] with negative laparoscopy had anterior stab wounds to the abdomen. Laparoscopy demonstrated peritoneal penetration in twelve patients [40%] and subsequent laparotomy detected intraperitoneal injuries in ten patients [83%]. A nontherapeutic laparotomy rate of 8% was recorded. A complication rate of 6% due to laparoscopy was detected, all cases were managed conservatively with no deaths. In haemodynamically stable patients with anterior stab wounds to the abdomen and no clinical evidence of intraperitoneal injury, laparoscopy effectively and safely detects those with peritoneal penetration

Evaluation of incidental laparoscopic appendectomy for acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain

The procedure of incidental laparoscopic appendectomy during diagnostic laparoscopy for acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain was evaluated in fifty patients over a three-year period. Twenty-five patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy alone [group I], while the other twenty-five patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy with incidental laparoscopic appendectomy [group II]. There was no difference in length of hospitalization or morbidity between the two groups. No mortality or intraoperative sepsis were recorded. Two patients required appendectomy eleven days and twenty days, respectively, after diagnostic laparoscopy for recurrent acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain. 8% of the resected appendices demonstrated acute inflammation upon pathologic review

Transconjuctival anterior retinal cryotherapy in diabetic vitreous hemorrhage

Transconjunctival anterior retinal cryotherapy was performed on 22 eyes of 20 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and vitreous hemorrhage. In all cases, cryotherapy followed laser pan- retinal photocoagulation which did not prevent subsequent vitreous hemorrhage. Results showed clearing of existing vitreous hemorrhage in 8 eyes [36.4%] at one month postoperatively. This number increased to 14 eyes [63.6%] at 3 months and 19 eyes [86.4%] at 6 months postoperatively. The best corrected visual acuity improved in 13 eyes [59.1%], remained unchanged in 6 [27.3%], and worsened in 3 [13.6%] at 6 months postoperatively. Postoperative complications included transient punctate keratopathy [2 eyes], traction retinal detachment [one eye] and macular edema [one eye]. Only two eyes had recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. The study indicated that this relatively safe and easy procedure of cryotherapy can be a valuable adjunct in the management of recurrent or resistant diabetic vitreous hemorrhage in selected cases

Behavioral and anticonvulsant properties of propofol, thiopentone and midazolam: a comparative study

Propofol [25, 50 and 100 mg/kg], thiopentone [12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg] and midazolam [1, 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg] were injected intraperitoneally [i.p.] in adult albino mice. They produced a qualitatively similar behavioral effects. They caused a dose-dependent CNS inhibition ranged from mild sedation up to general anesthesia. These drugs had comparable onset and peak of action. Propofol had a statistically significant shortest duration of action. Based on weight/weight, the sedative potency of midazolam: thiopentone: propofol was 10: 2: 1, respectively. Convulsions were induced in mice by i.p. injection of PTZ in a dose range of 50-300 mg/kg. I.p. administration of propofol, thiopentone and midazolam in the aforementioned doses, prior to PTZ, exhibited an anticonvulsant effect and protected the animals from convulsions and mortalities. This protective effect was proportional to the dose. In the small and moderate doses, propofol and thiopentone had comparable protective effects. In the high dose, thiopentone was significantly more protective than propofol. In all doses, midazolam manifested a statistically significant higher protective activity over that of propofol and thiopentone

Interpleural bupivacaine administration for relief of post-thoracotomy pain

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of interpleural bupivacaine in relieving post-operative pain after thoracotomy and to report any side effects for this technique. Thirty patients who have undergone thoracotomy for different causes were studied. All patients received 20 ml bupivacaine without adrenaline, once they reported pain after surgery. The local anesthetic was administered through the chest tube. Assessment of pain in the first 30 minutes. The analgesic time was 7.8 + 2.7 hours [mean + S.D.]. No significant changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate were observed after administration of interpleural bupivacaine. There was a significant improvement in the tidal volume, PaO2 and PaCO2 after interpleural administration of bupivacaine, no side effects were observed. It is concluded that interpleural local anesthetic is a safe, simple and effective method for relieving post-operative pain after thoracotomy

study of propofol [Diprivan] versus thiopentone for short day case, gynaecological surgery

One hundred fit female patients undergoing day case, gynaecological operations, in Kasr El Eini and Heliopolis hospitals were divided into two groups. All patients received 0.2 mg. "Rubinol" as a premedication, the first group received propofol 2.5mg./kg., while the second received thiopentone 4 mg/kg. Increments of both drugs were given if needed. Maintenance of anaesthesia with NO2/O2 via face mask. Pulse, blood pressure and ECG were monitored. Induction time, side effect and recovery time were observed. In propofol group-pain on injection, apnoea and drop of the blood pressure showed a higher incidence than in thiopentone group, excitatory movement, cough, hiccup, laryngeal spasm, nausea and vomiting were completely absent in propofol group. Recovery times were significantly shorter after propofol. This finding together with the quality of anaesthesia make propofol preferable and specially for day case surgery