[ effect of guided reciprocal peer questioning [GRPQ] on nursing students' critical thinking and metacognition skills]

Fostering critical thinking and Metacognition is one of the most important objectives in nursing education. This study was designed to investigate the effect of guided reciprocal peer questioning on nursing students' critical thinking and Metacognition skills. In this quasi experimental study, the experiment group included 30 nursing students in their 6th semester in Birjand Islamic Azad University. Two credit courses were presented in this group using guided reciprocal peer questioning. In the control group which included 28 nursing students, those two credit courses were presented using the routine lecture method. California Critical Thinking Skills Test [CCTST] [form B] was used for evaluating critical thinking skills, and metacognition was evaluated before and after intervention by metacognitive awareness questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS software. Descriptive statistics, t-independent test, paired t-test; Chi-square, Mann Whitney, and Kappa were used in this study. Performing guided reciprocal peer questioning led to a significant increase in critical thinking skills scores in the experiment group compared to the control group. In spite of the increase in the mean score of metacognitive awareness of the experiment group, comparing the mean difference of pre and post tests in the two groups showed no significant difference. Using guided reciprocal peer questioning in the education of nursing students may lead to developing critical thinking skills as one of the important missions of higher education

Effects of postural change on oxygen saturation

Positioning is an important part of perioperative care that optimal respiratory function is a main purpose. Thus oxygen saturation measurement in routine surgical positions could be a proper index of respiratory function. To determine effects of supine, prone and lithotomy positions on arterial oxygen saturation, 31 healthy volunteers were positioned in each three position for ten minutes periods oxygen saturation was measured by pulse oximeter. There was no significant difference between 3 positions in oxygen saturation. Absent of prone and lithotomy positions effect on oxygenation in this study may be attributed to the short time that the subjects were in each position [ten minutes], we suggest that evaluation of position effect on oxygenation require further investigation