[Comparison of depression between kidney transplant recipients from live donors with cadavers in hospitals of Mashhad university of medical sciences]

Kidney transplant surgery may impact various aspects of the life and results in individual and psychological problems. Receiving a kidney from a cadaver donor is associated with beliefs related to death of donor and with recipient's survival. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of depression in patients receiving kidney from living donors with cadaveric donor kidney transplant .patients that were referred to nephrology clinics in hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2010. A descriptive - comparative design was used. The sample of the study consisted of 60 patients receiving kidney from living donors and 60 cadaveric kidney transplantation attended to nephrology clinics in hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by a demographic questionnaire and Beck depression Inventory. The reliability of this test was evaluated with test-retest and Pearson correlation test was 0. 95. Data were analyzed with SPSS software [version 13]. Depression scores in living kidney transplantation group were 11.6 +/- 5.7, and in the cadaveric group was 16.4 +/- 9.4. Independent t-test showed a significant difference between two groups scores of depression [P<0. 005]. The results showed a higher depression scores in kidney transplantation from cadaveric donors. Therefore it is recommended that efforts to detect and treat depression be included in the care of transplant patients before and after the surgery

Anxiety and depression: a comparison between living and cadaveric renal transplant recipients

Anxiety and depression are the most common psychological disorders in kidney transplant recipients that may affect disease process and graft survival. Based on the types of kidney donation in our country, living vs. cadaveric donation, we conducted this study to compare psychological problems in renal recipients. This cross-sectional study was conducted on kidney transplant recipients who were categorized according to their donors to and "living" and "cadaveric" groups. Patients with stable condition were followed monthly in outpatient clinics. The psychological status of each patient was assessed by clinical interview and Spielberg State Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]. The calculated Cronbach alpha for the reliability of the total scale was 0.95. We recruited 120 recipients [60 patients in each group of living and cadaveric donor transplantation] for the study. There was no significant difference in demographic data between two studied groups [p>0.05]. The mean +/- SD anxiety score was significantly lower among living transplant recipients compared to cadaveric transplant recipients [80.2 +/- 15.2 vs. 86.9 +/- 18.8 p=0.03]. We also found significant relation between depression score and kind of graft donation [11.6 +/- 5.7 in living vs. 16.4 +/- 9.4 in cadaveric groups; p<0.005]. Psychological problems such as depression and anxiety are significantly higher in cadaveric than living renal recipients. Periodic psychological evaluations should be recommended for kidney transplant recipients, especially for the cadaveric group

[Effect of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life in myocardial infarction patients in Zanjan]

Acute heart diseases cause limitation in physical activity and problems in quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life in myocardial infarction patients in Zanjan. The current study is a two group and a pre and post test experimental study. 60 patients were selected and randomly assigned in two groups, control group and experimental group. For data collection, demographic questionnaire and Nottingham Health Profile [NHP] were used. Content validity of questionnaire was measured by content validity and reliability by Test-re-Test [r=0.82]. Intervention program included, individual training, nutrition and mental counseling and exercise program. From each of the two groups control and experimental pre-test and post-test examinations were taken. Data were analyzed by SPSS v16 and descriptive and analytical statistics [T test, repeated measurement ANOVA] were used. The results show a significant difference in the quality of life scores of the control and experimental groups [P=0.001 Mean=1.55 S.E=0.41, P=0.000 Mean=2/71 S.E=0.59, respectively]. Thus, cardiac rehabilitation program is effective on quality of life of MI patients in the experimental group. According to results, the average score of the eight week [experimental: P=0.000 Mean=0/64 S.D=1.42 control: P=0.001 Mean=2.27 S.D=2.20] was better than that of the third week [experimental: P=0.000 Mean=3.35 S.D=2.73 control: P=0.001 Mean= 3.82 S.D=2.13] for both groups. This is more drastic in the experimental group. Furthermore, results showed no significant difference between the quality of life scores of men and women. The cardiac rehabilitation program can affect and improve the quality of life. Providing rehabilitation centers, gives the patients the chance to use these programs and gives them a better chance of independence life

[Effects of humor therapy on fatigue and depression of multiple sclerosis [MS] patients]

Multiple sclerosis [MS] is the most common disabling condition in young adults, which is caused by an inflammatory demyelination process in central nervous system. Fatigue and depression are the primary symptoms leading to dysfunction as well as disability in activities of daily living and decreased quality of life. Because of many drug-associated complications, applying other methods to lessen the symptoms seems reasonable. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of humor on fatigue and depression of clients referring to Iranian MS Society. In this one-group before-after clinical trial, 30 MS clients were selected by convenience sampling method. A 4-part questionnaire including demographics, items related to the condition, Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS] and Beck's Depression Inventory was used for data collection, validated and made reliable by content and test-retest methods respectively. The clients took part in humor therapy sessions 3 times a week, each lasting 30 minutes for 12 weeks. The sessions were hold during the day with entertaining and funny programs recorded on compact discs [CDs]. The clients completed the questionnaire before and after the intervention. Data were then analyzed by different statistical methods. A significant decrease was found in mean severities of fatigue and depression after the intervention [P<0.01]. Therefore, the hypothesis of the study denoting the effects of humor therapy on severity of fatigue and depression in clients with MS was verified. The study revealed that humor therapy may decrease the fatigue and depression of clients with MS. Humor as a simple, low-cost and noninvasive method can be used to overcome many problems of these clients and ultimately lead to decreased fatigue and depression

[Effects of walking on quality of life [QOL] of mastectomy patients in hospitals of Tehran]

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women with an estimated new cases amount to 178000 in 2007. Although surgery is the most frequent intervention, patients experience problems both from the disease and from surgery, leading to negative impact on their quality of life [QOL]. Accordingly, such exercises as walking can improve their QOL. The aim of this quasi-experimental one-group study was to assess the effect of walking on QOL of mastectomy patients in 2007. 34 subjects selected by purposive and convenience sampling methods took part in the study. A two-part questionnaire including demographic as well as QOL items and a self-report form were used for data collection. After determining content and face validities, the reliability of the questionnaire was figured by internal consistency [alpha = 0.89] and test-retest [r = 0.91] methods. Walking was performed in a flat area, 3 times a week and each time 30 minutes over 6 weeks. QOL items in the questionnaire were completed 2 times before and after the intervention. Mean scores of physical domain before and after the intervention were% 64.55 +/- 8.10 and 78.89 +/- 5.81, of psychological domain 52.89 +/- 10.74 and 64.92 +/- 8.64, of social domain 64.76 +/- 9.59 and 79.06 +/- 25.62, of economical domain 68.63 +/- 16.29 and 73.28 +/- 15.32 and of spiritual domain 79.96 +/- 12.57 and 82.54 +/- 11.18 respectively. Mean scores of total QOL were 66.16 +/- 6.30 and 75.74 +/- 6.59 before and after the intervention respectively. A significant increase was found in all domains except spiritual. It can be concluded that walking has positive effects on QOL of mastectomy patients to overcome their problems

Knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding bioterrorism

Modern biotechnology has enabled man to make benefit of microorganisms more efficiently than before but it is obvious that this powerful tool can be beneficial or dangerous to human beings depending on its use. Bioterrorism using biological weapons in terrorism is of great concern especially for healthcare workers as the first respondents to the victims. This descriptive study was conducted to identify attitudes and knowledge of nurses concerning bioterrorism at hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran Medical University in Sari. 65 nurses were selected by non-probability sampling method. A questionnaire was used for collecting data. Content and Cronbach's methods were used for validity and reliability of it. Findings showed that 96.9% of the subjects had a very low knowledge concerning bioterrorism and 96.9% of them was also indifferent. Performing educational programs regarding bioterrorism is recommended because knowledge of nurses in this regard seems to be very low

[Observance of infection control precautions at cupping centers in Tehran]

Cupping is a therapeutic method in which the skin is incised for phlebotomy. Therefore, if infection control precautions are not taken, patients are susceptible to infection. This descriptive study was conducted to assess the observance of infection control precautions before, during, and after the procedure at cupping centers in Tehran. Subject population consisted of 49 practitioners including physicians as well as nurses and 33 cupping units in 16 centers. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and a checklist. Results show that 87.9% of the units had a satisfactory structure and 21.1% was relatively satisfactory. 69.4 % [34], 69.4 % [34], 53.1 % [26] of practitioners took the precautions relatively satisfactory, satisfactory, and relatively satisfactory before, during and after the procedures respectively. In general, 35.2% of practitioners took the precautions satisfactorily. Findings of this study can be used by educators, mangers, and practitioner at different health settings particularly cupping centers

Effect of foot mass age on physiologic indicators in critically ill patients admitted in the I.C.U

Intensive care unit is one of the most stressful wards for patients and it is estimated that 30 to70 percent of patients experience severe physiologic stress during admission. Some of the physiologic responses to stress include increase in metabolic rate with consequent increase in body temperature, increase in cardiac output and contraction power and subsequently increase in blood pressure, heart rate and sodium accumulation, bronchodilation and increase in respiration rate. Control of homodynamic condition and vital signs is an essential and important practice in intensive care units for stabilizing physiologic indicators. Massage is one of the methods that can be used for this purpose. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of foot massage on physiologic indicators including pulse, respiration rate, mean arterial pressure, temperature and arterial blood oxygen saturation. Methods: 46 patients with brain stroke who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit of Tajrish Shohada hospital were studied. The validity of information record form was determined with content validity and the validity of instruments was established using valid marks. The reliability of instruments was assessed with test-re-test after calibration. Information was collected on second, third and fourth days after ICU admission at 4 to 6 pm. For this purpose, the physiologic indicators were controlled and after 10 minute, the patients underwent 5-minute foot stroke massage and then at 10 and 30-minute intervals, physiologic indicators were controlled again. Data was analyzed by ANOVA statistical method. Findings showed that pulse rate, respiratory rate and mean arterial blood pressure significantly decreased after 5 minute foot massage [p<0.001] and the value of these indicators 10 minutes after foot massage was less than the values 10 minute before massage. Also, arterial oxygen cone. 10 minute after foot massage was more than the cone. 10 minutes before massage and values at 30 minutes after foot massage were more than the values 10 minutes before and 10 minutes after foot massage [p<0.001], Decrease in temperature on third and fourth days of ICU admission 10 minutes and 30 minutes after foot massage as compared to 10 minutes before massage was significant, but alterations were little and clinically, we can say that body temperature did not alter and approximately remind constant. Data analysis also showed that alterations in values of physiologic indicators during the three days of manipulation were the same and there was no difference between the alterations on different days [p<0.001]. In general, parasympathetic activity after foot massages results in alteration of body physiologic responses. Decrease in heart rate, mean arterial pressure and respiratory rate along with increase in arterial oxygen concentration showed that patients were less anxious and more relaxed