Study of analgesic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of cinammom

The side effects due to application of synthetic analgesic drugs in the clinical practice have turned on researchers to focus on development of herbal medicine as more appropriate analgesic agents. The aim of this study was evaluation the analgesic effects of hydroalcholic extract of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum in comparison with morphine and aspirin. For preparing the hydroalcoholic extract of Cinnamomum the maceration method was used. Wistar male rats were divided into eight groups of 6 rats, randomly and treated groups have received 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg extract and the two positive control groups received 2.5 mg/kg morphine or 300mg/kg aspirin. Negative control group received normal saline [5ml/kg] and an additional group also received 600 mg/kg extract+1 mg/kg naloxan intraperitonealy respectively. 50 |iil formalin 2.5% was injected in right hindpaw subcutaneously and analgesic behaviors were scored. The results revealed that the Cinnamomum Zeylanicum extract had analgesic effect as dose-dependent and its analgesic effective dose was 600 mg/kg. Our results showed that the analgesic effect of its best effective dose [600mg/kg] on acute pain was more than aspirin while it was less than morphine. Also the effect of extract on chronic pain was less than morphine and aspirin. There were no significant differences between analgesic effects of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum extract with naloxone or alone. We concluded that the analgesic effect of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum extract is dose-dependent and is driven negatively through opioid receptors

[ effect of saliva officinalis hydroalcoholic extract on analgesic effect of morphine in rat]

There are some reports in Iranian traditional medicine concerning the anti-inflammatory effect of Saliva Officinalis [SO]. In the present study with the aim of decreasing analgesic dose of morphine, analgesic effect of different doses of SO hydroalcoholic extract alone and associated with morphine were evaluated by tail flick in rats. Analgesic effects of SO hydroalcholic extract at doses of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg, i.p. were investigated. Then the influence of these doses associated with analgesic dose of morphine [2.5 mg/kg] was evaluated. Rats were placed into restrainer and then transferred into the tail flick apparatus with the intensity 55§C and cut off time=10 sec. In order to verify the role of opioid receptors on analgesic effect of SO extract, naloxone [1mg/kg, i.p.] was administered to one group of rats 15 min before receiving 800 mg/kg extract. Then, the data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc test and significant difference between groups was accepted with P<0.05. The Data have shown that, the SO extract relieved pain in tail-flick test dose dependently and the most effective dose was 800 mg/kg. The maximum analgesic effect of the extract combined with morphine was observed at time point 45 min. Naloxane, opioid receptor antagonist could reduce analgesic effect of the extract. On the basis the results obtained in this study, it could be suggested that the SO extract potentiates morphine antinociceptive effect and this means that the opioid system may be involved in the analgesic effect of this plant extract

[Effect of white mulberry leaves hydro-alcoholic extract on carrageenan-induced inflammation in male rat's hind paw]

Reviews of literature indicate that hydro- alcoholic extract of white mulberry leaves, possesses anti-inflammatory effects such as inhibition of nitric oxide, PGE2 and cytokines, which urged us to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of this leaves hydro-alholic extract on carrageenan- induced paw edema in rat. Hydroalcoholic extract of white mulberry [Morus alba] leaves was prepared by ethanol [70% V/V] and soxhlet's method. The rats grouped as: Intraperitoneal [ip] extract receiving [200, 400, 600 mg/kg], positive control [aspirin 300 mg/kg] and group that received saline. Thirty minutes folio wing the ip injection of materials, carrageenan [1% W/V] was injected into the rat's hind paw and the changes in rat's paw edema was assessed by plethysmometer for five hours at intervals of one hour. Compared with aspirin, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of extract had lower effect on reduction of rat's paw edema [P<0.001]. However, there was no significant difference between the group that received 600 mg/kg extract and aspirin group. Hydro-alcoholic extract of Morus alba leaves at 600 mg/kg dose similar to aspirin [300 mg/kg], significantly reduced the paw edema of rats and showed effective anti-inflammatory activity

[ effect of chronic stress in pregnant mothers on the responsiveness to morphine in mice: a behavioral sensitization study]

The mechanisms which are plots for individual's willing to use Morphine are not yet recognized. Carried out researches indicated that tendency to narcotics is increased during stress or after it. In this research we studied the desire change of the second generation to morphine using induced restraint stress which is a kind of behavioral sensitization. This research was a kind of experimental interferer. At first mice were crossed after insuring about their pregnancy, Sub stress was put on them using special instruments. Some of the embryos head was cut to be studied histologically. After maturing their embryos in order to clarify their left and right handedness to be studied using T-Maze and they were compared with the control group. In order to find the effectiveness of the administrated acute morphine, five groups of stressed and non-stressed were chosen Both groups were divided into five: a control [without being injected], saline, Morphine 1 mg/kg, morphine 10 mg/kg and morphine 50 mg/kg. They were studied. Movement measuring done after being injected by open filled. Mentioned groups in the previous experiment, In order to determine their previous induced sensitization, were reexamined 48 hours after being injected 1 mg/kg morphine. Findings showed that the tissue thickness on the frontal cortex in stressed group was less than the control group [p<0.01] And also the number of stressed right handedness in males was less, but the number of left handedness in female ones was higher. Injection low dose morphine in experimental group had no effect, but in high dose caused induced motion activations. But this motion activity was much less than the control group. The low dose morphine injection [1 mg/Kg] in stressed groups caused induced motion activities which this action in dose 50 mg/kg was significant statistically [P<0/01]. Results showed that inducing a psychological relatively slight stress [a short-term restrain] could cause major changes, firstly in embryos brain and secondly in right handedness and left handedness and thirdly a response to morphine

[Evaluating the relationship of the pre-term, method of delivery and breastfeeding with asthma]

Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pre-term delivery and breastfeeding with asthma. We studied 228 asthmatic patients who were referred to the Allergy Department in Children's Medical Center [Tehran]. Asthma was diagnosed based on the history, physical exam and dspirometery [if possible] by an allergist. Pre-term and method of delivery was on delivery card and breastfeeding duration [divided 6 months or more], was based on Mothers statement to gain data and was analyzed by T-test. 228 asthmatic patients [aged 5-17 years] of whom were 132 Males and 96 Females. 216 cases were term and 12 cases pre-term. Exclusive breastfeeding duration for at least 6 months was reported in 183 cases. Cesarean section was in 78 cases [34.22%], while normal delivery was observed in 150cases [65.78%]. In this study, breastfeeding [at least 6 months] and normal delivery can be decreased by asthma; however, pre-term delivery was not affected by the asthma prevalence

Adverse reaction following intravenous immunoglobulin in primary immunodeficiency patients

Intravenous immunoglobulin is used for primary immunodeficiency disorders. There have been some reports that intravenous immunoglobulin causes side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate intravenous immunoglobulin side effects in immunodeficiency patients. The study utilized the data of 29 primary immunodeficiency patients that were referred to allergy and immunology department in Medical Children Center in Tehran. 29 patients having completed record data files in the hospital, were the subjects of this study. Of 29 immune deficiency patients [aged 15 months to 55 years], they were 19 Males [65/51%] and 10 [34/48%] Females. Prevalence of disorders include common variable immunodeficiency 16 [55/17%], Bruton disease 8 [27/58%], hyper IgM 4 [13/79%] and severe combined immunodeficiency 1 [3/44%]. Based on the recorded data, the duration of infusion has been 5 months to 15 years. 15 patients had reported side effects [51/72%]. 34 infusions from the total of 1,626 infusions accompanied with side effects [2/09%]. Most side effects were occurred during 30 minutes onset of infusion and most were caused by rapid infusion. Most side effects were mild reactions [fever, chills and ...]. Intravenous immunoglobulin is a rather safe drug with mild side effects. With an appropriate technique and proper infusion, these side effects can be reduced

[Relation between chronic urticaria and thyroid autoimmunity]

Chronic urticaria is a tormenter and does not have a known etiology. Association between chronic urticaria and thyroid auto-immunity has shown different results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Levo-thyroxine on the chronic urticaria and association between chronic urticaria with thyroid auto-immunity. In a prospective case-control study, we compared the frequency of thyroid auto antibodies in 60 patients [all females, with exception of six males, ages 15 to 60 years] with chronic urticaria and compared with 60 mached age healthy volunteers. All cases with chronic urticaria and control group were normal CBC, antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factors, complement, stool exam, liver function test [LFT], kidney function and skin prick test, prior to being referred to us. We performed thyroid auto antibodies, thyroid hormones and IgE antibodies before treating all subjects. Half of them with positive anti-thyroid antibody [n=11], received Levo-thyroxine [100 micro g] daily for 1 month and the remaining half [n=11] were control group. The frequency of thyroid auto antibodies was significantly higher in patients with chronic urticaria than in healthy control [36.6% vs. 9%; p<0.01]. All patients were euthyroid, however, one was found to have increased anti-thyroid antibody levels with sub clinical hypothyroidism [TSH increased, low T4]. Total serum IgE increased in ten cases of patients group [16.6%] compared with six control groups [10%]. Nine patients [40%] had complete response, five patients [30%] had partial response and five patients [30%] did not show any response to treatment compared with control group, in which complete and partial resolution was 30% and others with no resolution. Chronic urticaria may be associated with thyroid disorders [positive anti- thyroid antibodies] despite normal thyroid function test. For chronic urticaria despite increase serum IgE level with unknown origin, must be evaluated by a thyroid function test, along with anti -thyroid antibodies and treatment if necessary