Relationship between obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in adults living in central Iran: results of Isfahan healthy heart program

As previous studies on the association between obesity and cardiovascular [CVD] risk factors have been made in limited populations, this study was performed to determine the association in 3 cities in the central parts of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, data collected in the1st phase of the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program [IHHP], involving 12514 subjects "19 years old, conducted during 2000-2001, in Isfahan and the Central Provinces of Iran, were analyzed. Fasting blood sugar [FBS], 2-hour post-load plasma glucose [2hpp], serum lipid profile, anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were determined by standard methods. FBS, 2hpp, serum lipids fractions [except for HDL-C] and blood pressure had significant positive relations with body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC] [all p-values < 0.001]. As compared to the 1st quartile of WC, odds ratios [OR; 95% CI] of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia in the 4th quartile were 2.8 [1.2-3.3], 3 [1.6-4.3] and 2.4 [1.9-3.1] in men and 2.5 [1.8-3.4], 2.7 [1.3-3.8] and 2.5 [2-3.2] in women, respectively. Also, ORs [95% CI] of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemic in 4th quartile of BMI, as compared to the 1st, were 1.6 [1.2-2], 2.8 [1.7-3.9] and 3 [2.4-3.8] in men and 1.9 [1.4-2.4], 2.6 [1.4-3.7] and 1.6 [1.2-2] in women, respectively. ORs of these risk facrors increased with increasing WC and BMI. Therefore, it is concluded that both obesity indicators increase the chance of CVD risk factors

Iron and zinc nutritional and biochemical status and their relationship among child bearing women in Marand

Iron and zinc are essential micronutrients for human health. Deficiencies in these 2 nutrients remain a global problem, especially among women and children in developing countries. Many studies indicate the low zinc intakes among premenopausal women, and avoidance of meat intake is characterized as one of the main causes. However, it seems dietary zinc reduces iron biochemical indices including ferritin, Hct, Hb, MCV, Transferrin Saturation. This study is an analytical cross - sectional survey, and the sample concluded 170 premenopausal women, and was a subgroup of the population that was studied in [Evaluation of intervention methods to preventing of Iron deficiency Anemia Research]. The data on demographic and food consumption were gathered by related questionnaire. Serum zinc was measured by atomic absorption, and other iron related biochemical parameters were measured by their specific related kits. Data was analyzed by food processor 2 and SPSS windows 10. Mean of dietary intake of iron and zinc was 24.51 and 3.45 mg/day, respectively. Mean of dietary intake of iron and zinc was 24.51 and 3.45 mg/day, respectively. Mean of daily calori intake was 1708.55 Kcal among subjects. Serum zinc was significantly correlated with hematocrit and hemoglobin [P was 0.027 and 0.02 respectively]. Analysis of regression between serum zinc and dietary factors including calori, protein, iron, fiber, zinc, vitamin C also showed the significant correlation between serum zinc and dietary vitamin C [r= 0.30, p= 0.026]. Among the iron biochemical indices, hematocrit and hemoglobin were significantly correlated with dietary zinc [p was 0.03 and 0.02, respectively]. Mean of serum zinc was significantly different between anemic, and non anemic groups, but normal, anemic and iron deficient anemic groups did not show significantly difference about serum zinc. Our results indicated that mean of dietary zinc is lower than RDA among the women, and this is confirmed by the NHANESII results. At the other hand, the significant relationship between zinc and Hb, Hct, vitamin C would explain the role of vitamin C in enhancing their bioavailability

norm of women two anthropometric indices in Isfahan

Two simple anthropometric indices are Waist Circumference [WC] and Waist to Hip Ratio [WHR] for estimating body fat distribution. Especially in recent years these methods are emphasized compared to other methods, because they are cheap, easy to use at home or health centers, easy to calculate and high measurement accuracy. The present research is conducted to determine the norm of women WC and WHR, since there is no estimation and figure in regard with indices in women reproductive ages of Isfahan. This is a descriptive study, in which data collecting is cross-sectional. The samples are 740 people in Isfahan.They were selected by clustering sampling and invited to 10 health centers in this city. In this research the evaluation instruments are questionnaire and standard meter tape. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistical methods. Results indicated that the mean, median and standard deviation of women [19 to 53 years] WC were X=84.62, median=84 and SD=10.32, respectively, the minimum and maximum of women WC were 60 and 126 cm, respectively. Also the mean, median and standard deviation of women WHR were X=0.82, median = 0.82 and SD=5.91, respectively. The minimum and maximum of women WHR were 0.63 and 0.99, respectively. Therefore, the norm of women WC index in Isfahan is 84 cm and the norm of their WHR is 0.82. Comparing the determined norm of women WC and WHR indices in Isfahan to the determined norms in other countries, it shows genetic, racial, geographical and environmental [physical activities and diet] differences. Women are encouraged to take exercises and be more active. Also, we recommend them to improve meal patterns and their diet