[Survey the effect of acupressure on sixth spleen point on primary dysmenorrheal relief]

Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea is common in women during reproductive age

Objective: this study aimed to determine the effect of acupressure on sixth spleen point [SP6] on relief of primary dysmenorrheal

Methods: this study is a clinical trial. Students with primary dysmenorrheal living in dormitory were studied during three menstrual cycles. Pain intensity was measured on the first cycle without intervention. Subjects were divided into two parallel groups [pressure on SP6 and placebo groups], using a randomized block design with odds ratio of 1:1 based on the intensity of pain. In the second and third cycles, pressure was exerted by the samples. Pain intensity was compared with the visual analogue scale before and after intervention. Samples, person dividing the groups, data analyzer were blinded to study groups. At the end data related to 30 students in experiment group and 32 students in control group were analyzed. T test, chi-square, Friedman, Mann-Whitney and ordinal regression were used to compare the pain severity in experiment and control groups

Results: pain severity up to 3 hours after giving pressure on SP6 [p<0.004] and four hours after giving pressure on control point [p<0.001] was decreased compared to before intervention. There was no difference observed pain in groups before and after intervention

Conclusion: since pain severity was less in both groups after intervention, more studies are recommended

[Comparison between effects of intravenous labetalol and hydralazine on control of hypertension and maternal and neonatal outcomes in severe preeclamptic patients: a randomized clinical trial]

Severe preeclampsia and eclampsia are responsible for 25% of maternal mortality, especially in developing countries. Considering the importance of this complication, the present study aimed to compare between effects of labetalol and hydralazine on control of hypertension and the maternal and neonatal outcomes in severe preeclamptic patients. This clinical trial study was conducted on 190 severe preeclamptic patients classified into two groups [95 subjects in each group]. Two groups were randomly received hydralazine [5 mg intravenously, every 20 minutes, up to a maximum of five doses] or labetalol [at first 20 mg intravenously, and if not effective, 40, 80, 80, 80 mg respectively, every 20 minutes, up to a maximum of five doses]. In both groups, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded 20 minutes after drug administration. Blood pressure control, as well as the maternal and neonatal outcomes, compared between two groups. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared using chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney, and t tests. All significant differences were at p<0.05. Demographic characteristics and blood pressure control were similar in both groups, only five women in the hydralazine group and four women in labetalol group had persistent severe hypertension after maximum of five doses. Hypotension was not observed in both groups. Maternal tachycardia was similar in two groups. Others maternal and neonatal outcomes had no significant differences between two groups. According to the results of this study, the effect of labetalol and hydralazin is similar in the control of hypertension in severe preeclamptic patients and there isn't significant different in maternal and neonatal outcome in two groups

[Impact of acupressure on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy]

Nausea, vomiting and retching, commonly experienced by women in early pregnancy, have considerable physical and psychological effects on pregnants. This study aimed to examine the effect of acupressure on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. This single-blind clinical trial was performed on 150 pregnant women [<16 weeks of gestation] referred to Naghavi prenatal clinic for seven days and at two research stages during 2010-11. They were randomly divided into three groups: the acupressure, placebo acupressure and control groups. At first stage, women received no treatment during the first 3 days and on next 4 days a continuous pressure was applied on the P6 point at both wrists using a sea-band in the acupressure and placebo groups. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected by the self-trained women themselves using Rhodes index which then were analyzed statistically. There was no statistically significant difference among three groups in age, marriage age, gestational age, occupation and satisfaction with spouse. Although the mean change in Rhodes index was not significantly different between the acupressure and placebo groups, the difference was significant between the control and the other two groups. Acupressure using sea-band is considered as a noninvasive, inexpensive, safe, and effective treatment for the nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

effect of short duration sperm exposure on development of preeclampsia in primigravid women

Preeclampsia is one of the most serious complications, and affecting about 3% of pregnancies. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact short duration of exposure to sperm on development of preeclampsia. The duration of sperm exposure with the biological father [cohabitation without barrier methods] <3, <6 months were evaluated among 120 primigravid women with preeclampsia and 120 women without preeclampsia in a case-control study. The short duration of exposure to sperm was more common in women with preeclampsia compared with controls [29.2 versus 14.2 for <3 months, adjOR 2.6 [95% Cl=1.32-5.13] and [45 versus 29.2 for <6 months, adjOR 2.4 [95% 01=1.35-4.32]. Regardless of the contraceptive method, short duration of cohabitation was more common in preeclamptic group [14.2 versus 5.8 for <3 months, adjOR 3.38 [95% Cl=1.28-8.92] and [29.7 versus 13.3 for <6 months, adjOR 2.64 [95% Cl=1.24-5.79]. It was concluded that short duration of exposure to sperm was more common in women with pree-clampsia compared with controls

[Relationship between women's quality of life and type of delivery]

Controversies results in quality of life associated with the type of delivery have been reported. This study was performed to determine the relationship between Women's Quality of life and type of delivery. This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 300 women that referring to health center in kashan city during 2007-08. The women were divided in two groups according to the type of delivery whether it was cesarean section or vaginal delivery. Special life quality questionnaire, 2 and 4 months after delivery was completed by women. Scores of aspects in 2 and 4 months after delivery were determined and compared between two groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS-16 software, Chi-Square, independent t-test, pair t test and Mann-U Whitey test. Findings showed no differences in aspects of quality of life between cesarean section and normal delivery groups except in 'Mother's satisfaction toward delivery' that results showed higher score 2 months [p=0.03] and 4 months [p=0.018] after normal delivery. Scores of this aspect in 2 months after normal delivery and cesarean section was [4.40 +/- 1.11, 3.76 +/- 1.16] and in 4 months after normal delivery and cesarean section was [4.13 +/- 1.40, 3.82 +/- 1.22] respectively. This study showed there was not significant difference in women quality of life between cesarean section and normal delivery 2 and 4 monthes after delivery

[ preliminary analysis of the 12 transsexual patients with regards to their adaptation in means of role and gender identity after a sexual reassignment surgery]

Gender identity disorder consists of the patient's consistent desire to identify with the opposite sex and feels significant discomfort or the inability to deal with this condition. In patients resistant to treatment [Individual Psychotherapy, Psychoanalysis] operational procedure has been utilized and has been authorized in Iran through a religious decree issued by the country's late leader, Ayatollah Khomeini since 1964. A study into the instances of surgery procedures in the country has proven positive results. The procedure consists of cross-sectional study in small scale on 12 transsexual individuals consisting of 9 men and 3 women. All of the participants had sexual reassignment surgery at an average of six years prior to the study. They all were from middle class families and held an average age of 25. The participants were subjected to MMPI-1 questionnaire, [MF] MMPI-2, The Bem Sex-Role inventory and the Bem Gender Traits Test. The study showed that the patients have responded positively to the treatment in psycho-social dimension and had obtained a normal grade at the MMPI-1 test. According to the results of the Bem and MF tests they have also accepted their new identity and role. Results of Semi structural interview included all of sample agreed with their decision. Neither of the patients has expressed regret of undertaking the surgery. Multiple factors include economic status of the patients, satisfying interpersonal relationships, efficient support system, sexual partners and satisfactory sexual life, suitable familial reactions and possibility of extra surgery have prominent role to adjust them with their new identity and role in the society

[ effect of implementing therapeutic communication plan on burned patients' pain]

Pain in burned patients is not only caused by damage to joints and tissues but it is also affected by a variety of reasons that can not be ignored. A number of studies indicate that implementing different supportive approaches could affect pain severity through reduction of fear and anxiety of the patients. Hence, the present study was conducted in order to study the effect of therapeutic communication plan on pain severity in burned patients in Mashhad during 2004. In this quasi-experimental study 60 female burned patients were investigated in two groups of treatment and control. The control and case patients were identical in terms of age, burning agent, and burn surface area. Data collecting tools were patient's demographic information and linear pain scale. For each group pain measurement was carried out once at the beginning of study [48 to 72 hours following the burn] and then once a week for a month [average five times] immediately after dressing. Type, time and amount of sedative and analgesic drugs were recorded each time. For treatment group 7 to 12 therapeutic communication sessions [20 to 45 minutes] were held within four stages. The amount of pain was measured and compared in each group before intervention [the first week], within intervention [during three weeks] and after intervention [the fourth week]. Data analysis was performed through Mann- Whitney and chi[2] tests. The results showed that there was significant difference between pain severity in two groups after intervention [P=0.005] so that before intervention 36.7% of the patients suffered from severe pain, whereas after intervention none of the patients had this type of pain. Moreover, the number of patients suffering from extremely severe pain [36.7%] declined to 16.7% after intervention. The study results indicate that implementation of therapeutic communication plan affects pain severity of burned patients. Hence, we recommend the application of the plan in burned patient care. More research is also suggested