[Relationship between mothers' and daughters' self-esteem]

Background: Adolescence is one of the most critical stages of human development. Low self-esteem is one of the problems that most adolescents often face with. Moreover, low selfesteem can cause other psychological disorders [e.g. anxiety, depression and drug abuse]. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between mothers' and daughters' self-esteem

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 474 students were randomly selected among the Kashan's high schools during 2009-10. They were divided into three equal groups [low, average and high self-esteem] who met the inclusion criteria [ages 13-19, living with biological parents and without experiencing severe stress over the last year]. Izink standard test and a researcher-made questionnaire were also used to assess both the mothers' and daughters' self-esteem; scores less than 14 were considered as low selfesteem

Results: There was a significant relationship between mothers' and daughters' self-esteem [OR= 3.24, CI= 2.1-4.85, r=0.416]. Seventy-six percent of mothers with low self-esteem had also daughters with low self-esteem. Moreover, while no significant relation was seen between the student's self-esteem and age, education level, birth order and number of brothers and sisters, but there was a significant relationship between the student's self-esteem and intimacy with mother, number of close friends, the average school scores in last year, extracurricular activities, feeling of success, popularity among friends and satisfaction with height and weight

Conclusion: Our study showed a positive correlation between mothers' and daughters' selfesteem

[Psychometric evaluation of disability index for general household survey [Di-Ghs] in elderly people residing in nursing home]

Various scales have been suggested for surveying of disability in the elderly. One of these tools is Disability Index for General Household Survey [DI-GHS]. Evaluating the reliability and validity of DI-GHS in older people residing in Kashan Golabchi nursing home The DI-GHS was translated from English to Persian through back and forward method. The sampling was performed using census method in Kashan Golabchi nursing home in 2006 [n=100]. Inter-rater agreement was assessed. Internal consistency was determined via Item-total Correlation; Cronbach's alpha and split-half. Validity was determined via Concurrent validity, Exploratory factor analysis and Known-groups approach. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, Intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC], Kappa, Equal-Length spearman-brown, Guttman, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Kruskal-wallis test and factor analysis via principal component analysis with varimax rotation by SPSS-16. Interrater reliability coefficient for every item was excellent [Kappa>0/8]; Inter-rater reliability in the total DI-GHS was repo rted to be 0/992[ICC]. The questionnaire reliability coefficient [internal consistency] was calculated 0/9-0/95. Item-total correlation confirmed its reliability, too. Its concurrent validity with original Barthel index was confirmed[r=-0/91, p<0/0001]. The knowngroups approach revealed this tool is valid [p<0/0001]. The factor analysis extracted two main factors whose Eigen values were more than one; and these factors could explain%85/8 of the total variance. The Persian DI-GHS could be valid and reliable for the evaluation of disability in elderly people residing in Golabchi nursing home