[Comparison of depression between kidney transplant recipients from live donors with cadavers in hospitals of Mashhad university of medical sciences]

Kidney transplant surgery may impact various aspects of the life and results in individual and psychological problems. Receiving a kidney from a cadaver donor is associated with beliefs related to death of donor and with recipient's survival. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of depression in patients receiving kidney from living donors with cadaveric donor kidney transplant .patients that were referred to nephrology clinics in hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2010. A descriptive - comparative design was used. The sample of the study consisted of 60 patients receiving kidney from living donors and 60 cadaveric kidney transplantation attended to nephrology clinics in hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by a demographic questionnaire and Beck depression Inventory. The reliability of this test was evaluated with test-retest and Pearson correlation test was 0. 95. Data were analyzed with SPSS software [version 13]. Depression scores in living kidney transplantation group were 11.6 +/- 5.7, and in the cadaveric group was 16.4 +/- 9.4. Independent t-test showed a significant difference between two groups scores of depression [P<0. 005]. The results showed a higher depression scores in kidney transplantation from cadaveric donors. Therefore it is recommended that efforts to detect and treat depression be included in the care of transplant patients before and after the surgery

Anxiety and depression: a comparison between living and cadaveric renal transplant recipients

Anxiety and depression are the most common psychological disorders in kidney transplant recipients that may affect disease process and graft survival. Based on the types of kidney donation in our country, living vs. cadaveric donation, we conducted this study to compare psychological problems in renal recipients. This cross-sectional study was conducted on kidney transplant recipients who were categorized according to their donors to and "living" and "cadaveric" groups. Patients with stable condition were followed monthly in outpatient clinics. The psychological status of each patient was assessed by clinical interview and Spielberg State Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]. The calculated Cronbach alpha for the reliability of the total scale was 0.95. We recruited 120 recipients [60 patients in each group of living and cadaveric donor transplantation] for the study. There was no significant difference in demographic data between two studied groups [p>0.05]. The mean +/- SD anxiety score was significantly lower among living transplant recipients compared to cadaveric transplant recipients [80.2 +/- 15.2 vs. 86.9 +/- 18.8 p=0.03]. We also found significant relation between depression score and kind of graft donation [11.6 +/- 5.7 in living vs. 16.4 +/- 9.4 in cadaveric groups; p<0.005]. Psychological problems such as depression and anxiety are significantly higher in cadaveric than living renal recipients. Periodic psychological evaluations should be recommended for kidney transplant recipients, especially for the cadaveric group

[Effect of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life in myocardial infarction patients in Zanjan]

Acute heart diseases cause limitation in physical activity and problems in quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life in myocardial infarction patients in Zanjan. The current study is a two group and a pre and post test experimental study. 60 patients were selected and randomly assigned in two groups, control group and experimental group. For data collection, demographic questionnaire and Nottingham Health Profile [NHP] were used. Content validity of questionnaire was measured by content validity and reliability by Test-re-Test [r=0.82]. Intervention program included, individual training, nutrition and mental counseling and exercise program. From each of the two groups control and experimental pre-test and post-test examinations were taken. Data were analyzed by SPSS v16 and descriptive and analytical statistics [T test, repeated measurement ANOVA] were used. The results show a significant difference in the quality of life scores of the control and experimental groups [P=0.001 Mean=1.55 S.E=0.41, P=0.000 Mean=2/71 S.E=0.59, respectively]. Thus, cardiac rehabilitation program is effective on quality of life of MI patients in the experimental group. According to results, the average score of the eight week [experimental: P=0.000 Mean=0/64 S.D=1.42 control: P=0.001 Mean=2.27 S.D=2.20] was better than that of the third week [experimental: P=0.000 Mean=3.35 S.D=2.73 control: P=0.001 Mean= 3.82 S.D=2.13] for both groups. This is more drastic in the experimental group. Furthermore, results showed no significant difference between the quality of life scores of men and women. The cardiac rehabilitation program can affect and improve the quality of life. Providing rehabilitation centers, gives the patients the chance to use these programs and gives them a better chance of independence life

[Effects of humor therapy on fatigue and depression of multiple sclerosis [MS] patients]

Multiple sclerosis [MS] is the most common disabling condition in young adults, which is caused by an inflammatory demyelination process in central nervous system. Fatigue and depression are the primary symptoms leading to dysfunction as well as disability in activities of daily living and decreased quality of life. Because of many drug-associated complications, applying other methods to lessen the symptoms seems reasonable. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of humor on fatigue and depression of clients referring to Iranian MS Society. In this one-group before-after clinical trial, 30 MS clients were selected by convenience sampling method. A 4-part questionnaire including demographics, items related to the condition, Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS] and Beck's Depression Inventory was used for data collection, validated and made reliable by content and test-retest methods respectively. The clients took part in humor therapy sessions 3 times a week, each lasting 30 minutes for 12 weeks. The sessions were hold during the day with entertaining and funny programs recorded on compact discs [CDs]. The clients completed the questionnaire before and after the intervention. Data were then analyzed by different statistical methods. A significant decrease was found in mean severities of fatigue and depression after the intervention [P<0.01]. Therefore, the hypothesis of the study denoting the effects of humor therapy on severity of fatigue and depression in clients with MS was verified. The study revealed that humor therapy may decrease the fatigue and depression of clients with MS. Humor as a simple, low-cost and noninvasive method can be used to overcome many problems of these clients and ultimately lead to decreased fatigue and depression

[Effects of walking on quality of life [QOL] of mastectomy patients in hospitals of Tehran]

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women with an estimated new cases amount to 178000 in 2007. Although surgery is the most frequent intervention, patients experience problems both from the disease and from surgery, leading to negative impact on their quality of life [QOL]. Accordingly, such exercises as walking can improve their QOL. The aim of this quasi-experimental one-group study was to assess the effect of walking on QOL of mastectomy patients in 2007. 34 subjects selected by purposive and convenience sampling methods took part in the study. A two-part questionnaire including demographic as well as QOL items and a self-report form were used for data collection. After determining content and face validities, the reliability of the questionnaire was figured by internal consistency [alpha = 0.89] and test-retest [r = 0.91] methods. Walking was performed in a flat area, 3 times a week and each time 30 minutes over 6 weeks. QOL items in the questionnaire were completed 2 times before and after the intervention. Mean scores of physical domain before and after the intervention were% 64.55 +/- 8.10 and 78.89 +/- 5.81, of psychological domain 52.89 +/- 10.74 and 64.92 +/- 8.64, of social domain 64.76 +/- 9.59 and 79.06 +/- 25.62, of economical domain 68.63 +/- 16.29 and 73.28 +/- 15.32 and of spiritual domain 79.96 +/- 12.57 and 82.54 +/- 11.18 respectively. Mean scores of total QOL were 66.16 +/- 6.30 and 75.74 +/- 6.59 before and after the intervention respectively. A significant increase was found in all domains except spiritual. It can be concluded that walking has positive effects on QOL of mastectomy patients to overcome their problems