Effects of moderate intensity gymnastics on executive function in children aged 5 to 6 years / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The study aims to investigate the impact of moderate intensity gymnastics on the development of executive function in children aged 5-6, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for exercise interventions targeting executive function.@*Methods@#A total of 63 preschool children, randomly seleted from 3 senior classes in a private kindergarten in Shangqiu, were randomly allocated to the intervention group ( n =31) and control group ( n =32). Children in the intervention group participated in 60 minute gymnastics at a moderate intensity, three times per week, for a total duration of 12 weeks. Concurrently, myzone technology was utilized to monitor exercise intensity throughout the entire intervention period. Children in the control group maintained their regular activities. Inhibitory control (Flanker task), working memory (Empty house task), and cognitive flexibility (Dots task) were assessed before and after the experiment.@*Results@#There was no statistically significant difference in the performance of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility tasks between the two groups of children before intervention ( P >0.05) .The results of covariance analysis revealed significant differences in reaction time [(782.88±24.29，805.13±23.74；719.90±119.99， 833.55± 177.87；1 042.39±72.75，1 091.29±49.42) ms] and accuracy[(73.86±7.26)%，(67.02±8.22)%;(86.36±7.63)%，( 80.50± 9.39 )%;(76.45±9.48)%，(69.59±7.66)%] across inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility between the intervention group and the control group ( F =6.84, 4.50，4.87, 6.11, 3.74 , 5.06 , P <0.05). The intervention effect exhibited modest effects( d =0.17-0.74).@*Conclusions@#Moderate intensity gymnastics can make modest or moderate effect on improving children s executive function. Brain imaging technology can be incorporated into future research designs to investigate the underlying mechanisms of gymnastics impact on the brain structure and executive function in young children.

Optical coherence tomography versus intravascular ultrasound in patients with myocardial infarction: a diagnostic performance study of pre-percutaneous coronary interventions

Accurate coronary measurements are important in guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. Intravascular ultrasound is a widely accepted diagnostic modality for coronary measurement before percutaneous coronary intervention. The spatial resolution of optical coherence tomography is 10 times larger than that of intravascular ultrasound. The objective of the study was to compare quantitative and qualitative parameters of frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT) with those of intravascular ultrasound and coronary angiography in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Diagnostic parameters of coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and FDOCT of 250 patients with coronary artery disease who required admission diagnosis were included in the analyses. Minimum lumen diameter detected by FDOCT was larger than that detected by quantitative coronary angiography (2.11±0.1 vs 1.89±0.09 mm, P<0.0001, q=34.67) but smaller than that detected by intravascular ultrasound (2.11±0.1 vs 2.19±0.11 mm, P<0.0001, q=12.61). Minimum lumen area detected by FDOCT was smaller than that detected by intravascular ultrasound (3.41±0.01 vs 3.69±0.01 mm2, P<0.0001). FDOCT detected higher numbers of thrombus, tissue protrusion, dissection, and incomplete stent apposition than those detected by intravascular ultrasound (P<0.0001 for all). More accurate and sensitive results of the coronary lumen can be detected by FDOCT than coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (level of evidence: III).

Determinants of childhood trauma among college students with left-behind experience / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore determinants of childhood trauma among college students with left-behind experience, and to provide a reference for effective intervention among students with left-behind experience.@*Methods@#A total of 2 468 students selected from 5 universities and 2 higher vocational colleges in tianjin by stratified cluster sampling method were investigated by self-compiled questionnaire and childhood trauma questionnaire.@*Results@#The scores in emotional abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect and childhood trauma of students with left-behind experience were significantly higher than those without left-behind experience(t=3.01，3.13，3.24，2.27，3.60，P<0.05)；parental separation times and the frequency of parental return had significant interaction effect on the total score of childhood trauma of students with left-behind experience (F=2.37, P<0.05)；the gender had a significant major effect on the total score of childhood trauma of students with left-behind experience under the interaction with the place of origin, age at first separation,the cumulative time of leftbehind experiences and the frequency of parents contacting (F=4.49，5.23，5.93，5.11，P<0.05)；the age of subjects when parents going out under the interaction with the place of origin, the gender, if only-child,parental separation times and the frequency of parental return；as well as the frequency of parents contacting under the interaction with the place of origin，the household registration, the gender, if only-child and the cumulative time of left-behind experiences also had significantly main effect(F=3.88，4.25，3.32，2.86，3.45；3.82，4.02，2.64，3.29，P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#It is necessary to attach great importance to demographic and context information regarding left-behind experiences,which lead to more specific and effective prevention and intervention strategy for individual with left-behind experiences.

Clinical study on minimally invasive weaving technique for pectus carinatum / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To explore the practical feasibility of the weaving technique for pectus carinatum. Methods    From January 2011 to December 2018, a total of 51 patients with pectus carinatum, including 47 males and 4 females at age of 9-29 (13.7±2.9) years, were applied with minimally invasive waving technique for the correction. The steel plate was inserted through the subcutaneous layer, intercostal space and over the sternal surface under direct thoracoscopic vision. The number of implanted steel plates was determined by the degree of chest wall deformity. The steel plate was removed 2 years after surgery. Results    All the operations were successfully completed, the average operation time was 63.9±15.8 min, the amount of bleeding was 19.8±8.8 mL, and the duration of postoperative hospitalization was 4.6±1.6 d. The adverse events included intercostal artery injury (n=2), pneumothorax (n=4), pleural effusion (n=3) and skin rupture (n=1). And there were 29 patients of moderate pain (numerical rating scale 4-6 points) on the first day after surgery, but no patient was asked to remove the steel palate due to intolerable discomfort. All patients were followed up after plate placement. Of the 51 patients, the plates were removed in 37 patients until 2 years after placement, and the duration of postoperative hospitalization was 1.4±0.5 d. After 33 (1-48) months of routine follow-up after the removal of the plate, 22 patients achieved excellent outcomes and 9 patients with good outcomes. Besides, there were 5 patients with fair outcome and 1 patient with poor outcome. No adverse effect was found in growth and development after the steel plate placement. Conclusion    Minimally invasive weaving technique is a safe, feasible, effective and individualized operation for pectus carinatum with substantial thoracic reconstruction.

Pattern of lymph node dissection in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To compare lymph node sampling (LN-S) and lobe-specific lymph node dissection (LSLD) in the clinical efficacy and safety for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods PubMed, Medline, EMbase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library databases were searched up to March 2017 for English language studies. We collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies (CS) which used the systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection (SMLD) and LN-S or L-SLD for the treatment of NSCLC. Direct meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software and indirect meta-analysis with ITC software after two researchers screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias independently. Results A total of 18 articles were included (4 RCTs and 14 CS, and 10 714 patients). Meta-analysis results showed that in the CS, compared with the the SMLD group, overall survival increased in the L-SLD group (HR=0.99, 95%CI 0.78 to 1.25, P=0.92), and overall survival decreased in the LN-S group with significant difference in CS (HR=1.43, 95%CI 1.17 to 1.75, P=0.000 4), but was not statistically significant in RCT (P=0.35). In terms of disease-free survival, there was no significant difference between the SMLD group and the LN-S group (HR=1.25, 95%CI 0.90, 1.62, P=0.10) as well as the L-SLD group (HR=1.15, 95%CI 0.92 to 1.43, P=0.23) in the CS. There was no significant difference in the local recurrence rate or distant metastasis rate between the non-systematic lymph node dissection (NSMLD) and SMLD in CS and RCTs (CS: P=0.43, P=0.39; RCT: P=0.43, P=0.10). There was no significant difference in the postoperative complications between NSMLD and SMLD in the CS (OR=0.79, 95%CI 0.58 to 1.09, P=0.15) and RCTs (OR=0.36, 95%CI 0.09 to 1.45, P=0.15). Indirect meta-analysis showed that risk of death decreased by 31% and risk of recurrence by 35% in the L-SLD group compared with the LN-S group (HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.95, P=0.46; HR=0.65, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.30, P=0.72), but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion For earlystage NSCLC, L-SLD is not statistically different from SMLD in terms of survival; however, the overall survival of LN-S is lower than that of systematic lymphadenectomy. Indirect meta-analysis shows that L-SLD reduces the risk of death and recurrence risk compared with LN-S. There is no evidence to support both direct comparison of the prognosis of LN-S and L-SLD, therefore further prospective studies are still needed to verify.

Clinical efficacy of stapler technique for repair of cervical tracheoesophageal fistula / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To evaluate the clinical efficacy of fistula repair by stapler technique in patients with cervical tracheoesophageal fistula. Methods    Retrospective analysis of 8 patients with cervical tracheoesophageal fistula who accepted operative treatment in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital from October 2014 to October 2016 was conducted. There were 5 males and 3 females at a mean age of 46.4±13.9 years ranging from 23 to 67 years. The fistula was induced by tracheal intubation in 4 patients, by esophageal foreign bodies in 2, by tracheal stent in 1 and by esophageal diverticulum in 1. The fistula was closed by stapler technique. The surgical effects were evaluated through Karnofsky performance score (KPS), image assessment, patient satisfaction score and assessment of improvement in feeding-induced bucking. Results    The operations were performed successfully with time of 117.5±6.6 min and intraoperative blood loss of 60.0±7.0 ml. After the operations, the patients did not suffer incision bleeding and infection, hoarseness, dyspnea, drinking-induced bucking, fistula relapse, tracheoesophageal stenosis or any other complications, and no death occurred during the perioperative period. The chest X-ray test was performed 1 week later showed that the pulmonary infection disappeared, and only 1 patient suffered from esophageal stenosis 1 year later. The postoperative KPS score was 90.0±7.0 points, which significantly improved in contrast to preoperation (P<0.01).   Postoperative pulmonary infection area reduced significantly (P<0.05), tracheoesophageal fistula disappeared, postoperative patients satisfaction rate was 90%, and assessment of feeding-induced bucking was excellent. Conclusion    Using stapler technique to repair cervical tracheoesophageal fistula is safe, easy and useful, with less operation time and postoperative complications.

Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Glycemic Response to Pomelo in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Food intake has a great influence on blood glucose in patients with diabetes.This study was to determine the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of a particular pomelo named Majia pomelo and its effects on postprandial glucose (PPG) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Twenty healthy subjects and 20 T2D patients (controlled on lifestyle measures and/or metformin) were tested on 2 separate days with 50 g of glucose and 50 g equivalent of carbohydrates from Majia pomelo for GI measurement.To test effects of Majia pomelo on PPG,19 hospitalized T2D patients (controlled on insulin therapy) were selected for a 9-day study.The dose of insulin for each patient was adjusted on the first 3 days.A total of 100 mg Majia pomelo was consumed per meal in the last 3 tested days.Blood glucose was measured to evaluate the glycemic excursions.The GIs for Majia pomelo in healthy individuals and T2D patients were 78.34± 1.88 and 72.15±1.95 respectively.The value of GL was as low as 4.23 in diabetic patients with serving size of 100 g pomelo,indicting Majia pomelo as a high GI but low GL fruit.Consumption of Majia pomelo in hospitalized T2D patients did not cause significant glucose fluctuation.It was concluded that high GI pomelo can serve as a low GL fruit if it is consumed with a limited daily amount and thus can be supplied to diabetic patients.These results may mean more varieties of food choices for T2D patients.

Measuring the length of the proportional units of different truncal parts and analyzing the relationship / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

Measuring the length of the proportional units (PU) of different truncal parts in males and females and analyzing the relationship between these measurements showed that there was nosignificant gender difference in the length of one cun respectively for the perpendicular proportional units (PPU) of prothorax, epigastrium and flank but there were significant differences in the PPU of the hypogastrium, lateral thorax and hypochondrium and the horizontal proportional unit (HPU) of the back; within the same gender, there was no significant difference in the length ofone cun between the PPU of the prothorax and that of epigastrium and no significant difference betweenthe PPU of the flank and the HPU of the intermammillary region in males but there was a significant difference between PU of other parts.