Prevalence and Risk Factors of COPD: A Scoping Review From 2011 to 2021

@#The aim of this review was to document the recently reported prevalence and risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the last ten years. A scoping review of studies released between 2011 and 2021 was done. The main findings on selected studies’ prevalence and risk factors were summarised. Thirty-seven studies in total were chosen. The overall data on COPD prevalence was 1.3-36.7%, and the average incidence rate was 9.1%. The risk factors of COPD prevalence were identified as unchangeable risk factors (gender, age, family history of respiratory and cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and environmental temperature and humidity) and changeable risk factors (outdoor and indoor air pollution, cigarette smoking, occupational exposure, low education, low household income, obesity, underweight, physical inactivity, and cooking method). The highest changeable risk factors were cigarette smoking, indoor air pollution, and occupational exposure. In contrast, the lowest changeable risk factors were physical inactivity and cooking methods. Changeable risk factors significantly increase COPD risks. The COPD caused by household emissions from biofuel cooking in low-income rural areas deserves attention. Emphasis on healthy lifestyle interventions and economic and educational policies to reduce environmental impacts may prevent COPD.

Update and interpretation of Elsevier clinical pathway for gastric, gastroesophageal junction and esophageal cancer ( Chinese edition, 2022) / 中华消化杂志

The standardized treatment of malignant tumor has always been the direction of continuous improvement of major medical institutions. In recent years, the basic research, prevention, screening and diagnosis and treatment level of gastric, gastroesophageal junction and esophageal cancer have been greatly improved, resulting in a significant improvement in the 5 years′ survival rate of patients, but there are still great differences in the diagnosis and treatment level among different regions. Chinese gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer and esophageal cancer differ greatly from European and American countries in etiology, pathological types, high incidence sites, etc. Therefore, the relevant guidelines of European and American countries cannot fully meet Chinese clinical practice. In 2021, Elsevier Publishing Group launched the Chinese edition of Elsevier clinical pathway for gastric, gastroesophageal junction and esophageal cancer, and the first update edition was made in 2022, which aims to promote the quality control of tumor diagnosis and treatment, standardize tumor diagnosis and treatment behaviors, promote the homogenization and standardization of tumor diagnosis and treatment, and ultimately improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients with malignant tumor. This pathway refers to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network clinical practice guidelines, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines, combines evidence-based medicine and clinical experience, and follows the scientific, universal, standardized and operable principles. It has been promoted and applied in clinical practice, and is constantly updated according to the latest research results.

Effect of patellar tilt angle after total knee arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To analyze the effect of patellar tilt angle on postoperative outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) without patella resurfacing.Methods:A total of 143 patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis who underwent TKA without patellar replacement in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from October 2020 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 32 males and 111 females, aged 68.44±6.79 years (range, 52-86 years). Patients were divided into three groups according to the postoperative patellar tilt angle: tilt angle<5° was the mild tilt group (97 cases), 5°≤tilt angle<10° was the moderate tilt group (31 cases), and tilt angle≥10° was the severe tilt group (15 cases). All patients were followed up in the outpatient clinic at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery, and knee visual analogue score (VAS), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score and patella Feller score were observed and recorded to compare the postoperative knee pain and function of patients in different patella tilt groups.Results:All patients were followed up for 1.16±0.23 years (range, 1.0-2.0 years). There was no significant difference in baseline data between the groups. There were significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the VAS score before and after surgery among the three groups ( F=51.12, P<0.001; F=36.90, P<0.001; F=15.76, P<0.001). The VAS scores at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation were significantly lower than those before operation ( P<0.05). The knee VAS of the severe group was higher than that of the mild and moderate groups at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in knee HSS scores before and after surgery among the three groups ( F=81.12, P<0.001; F=36.05, P<0.001; F=32.93, P<0.001). The knee HSS scores at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery were higher than those before surgery, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The knee HSS scores of the severe tilt group at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery were lower than those of the mild and moderate groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the patella Feller score before and after surgery among the three groups ( F=88.81, P<0.001; F=49.59, P<0.001; F=37.40, P<0.001). The patellar Feller score at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery was higher than that before surgery, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The patellar Feller score of the severe group at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery was lower than that of the mild and moderate groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Patellar tilt angle after TKA without patellar resurfacing will increase knee pain and limit joint function.

Analysis of the role of molecular diagnostic technology in improving the bacteriological diagnostic rate of tuberculosis / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To analyze the relevant factors of bacteriological diagnosis rate in pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhejiang Province, and to provide basis for the control of tuberculosis.Methods:The results of etiology detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2020 were collected from the China Tuberculosis Information Management System. Positive detection of etiology of pulmonary tuberculosis cases was analyzed. Joinpoint regression model was constructed to evaluate the annual trend of the positive rate of etiology, and linear regression model was used to analyze the influence of new diagnostic technology on the positive detection rate of etiology in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis cases.Results:From 2015 to 2020, the positive rate of etiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhejiang Province increased from 38.66%(10 588/27 385) to 64.12%(14 275/22 262), with an average annual growth rate of 8.80%. All of the 11 prefecture cities in Zhejiang Province showed an increasing trend of the positive rate of etiology. The average annual growth rates in Wenzhou City and Lishui City were 10.27% and 11.21%, respectively, and the positive rates of etiology in Jinhua City and Lishui City were 70.13%(2 007/2 862) and 73.34%(707/964) in 2020, respectively. From 2015 to 2020, smear-negative cases accounted for 61.66%(92 935/150 733) in Zhejiang Province, and the further detection rate by culture and molecular test increased from 0.13%(22/16 650) to 84.74%(11 384/13 434). The positive rate of bacteriological tests in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients increased from 0.04%(6/16 650) to 41.28%(5 546/13 434). If the culture and molecular detection rate increased to 100.00%, the linear regression model predicted positive rate of etiology could increase to 44.20%. Thus, the positive rate of etiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhejiang Province would reach 66.00%. Up to 2020, 95.56%(86/90) and 92.22%(83/90) of tuberculosis designated hospitals were equipped with molecular and liquid diagnostic equipments, respectively, and the detection positive rates of molecular and liquid diagnostics in the etiology positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases were 71.24%(10 169/14 275) and 53.44%(7 629/14 275), respectively.Conclusions:The implementation and promotion of the new diagnostic techniques for tuberculosis, especially the molecular diagnostic techniques, could significantly improve the positive rate of etiology of pulmonary tuberculosis etiology. Methods and strategies of etiological diagnosis of tuberculosis should be paid more attention in prevention and control of tuberculosis.

Prevention and inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth by attenuated salmonella SGN1 / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the inhibitory effect of attenuated salmonella SGN1, overexpressing methioninase, on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the underlying mechanism. Methods The cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, clony formation and migration a-bility of 5-8F, HNE-2, CNE-2 cells were measured u-sing flow cytometry assay, clone formation assay, and wound assay after the methionine restriction treatment. 5-8F, HNE-2, CNE-2 cells were infected with SGN1 at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1: 100 for 5 hours, followed with the measurement of cell growth. A xenograft model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of 5-8F cells in mice to observe the inhibitory effect of SGN1 on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Results Compared with the control group, methionine restriction significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration ability, and clone formation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and blocked the G

Effects of methionine restriction on oral cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of methionine restriction on the proliferation, migration and invasion of human oral squamous carcinoma CAL-27 cells. Methods Cell proliferation and colony formation ability were detected by cell counting and colony forming assay. The changes in cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by propidium iodide (PI) staining flow cytometry and Annexin V/7-amino-actinomycin staining flow cytometry. The migration and invasion ability of CAL-27 was detected by scratch and Transwell assay. The expression levels of apoptosis proteins Bax and Bcl-2, cyclins CDK2 and CDK4 and migration and invasion proteins N-cadherin and E-cadherin were examined by Western blot. Results Methionine restriction significantly inhibited the proliferation and clone formation of oral squamous cancer cell CAL-27 (P < 0. 01), induced cell cycle arrest at G

Effects of ICMT gene silencing on the invasion and migration of human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells in vitro / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the effect of isoprene cysteine carboxymethyltransferase (ICMT) gene on the migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic cancer cells (SACC) and the related mechanism, to provide experimental evidence for molecular targeted therapy of SACC.@*Methods@# Adenoid cystic cancer cells SACC-LM and SACC-83 were cultured in vitro, and siRNA was transfected into human SACC-LM and SACC-83 cells (experimental group) by transient transfection of a liposome vector. A blank control group and negative control group were set up respectively (transfected NC-siRNA). qRT-PCR was peformed to measure the mRNA expression of ICMT and RhoA in each group after transfection and to determine the silencing efficiency. The expression of ICMT, membrane RhoA, total RhoA, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and Rho associated with coiled helical binding protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) in each group was detected by Western blot. The proliferation abilityies of SACC cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The migration and invasion ability of SACC cells were detected by comparing the relative healing area of cell scratch assay and the number of Transwell assay cells. @*Results@#After transfection of ICMT-siRNA into SACC-LM and SACC-83 cells, the expression of ICMT gene and protein in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with the negative control group and blank control group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the expression of RhoA gene and total protein among all groups (P>0.05). The expression of RhoA membrane proteins, ROCK1, MMP-2, MMP-9 in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that in the negative control group and blank control group (P<0.05). Cell proliferation ability was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The migration and invasion abilities were significantly decreased (P<0.05). @*Conclusion @#In vitro silencing of ICMT gene can effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of human SACC-LM and SACC-83 cells, and the mechanism may be related to RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway.

Current status and future perspectives on the methods of prognosis evaluation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma / 中华外科杂志

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary malignant tumor in the liver after hepatocellular carcinoma. Its incidence and mortality rates have increased worldwide in recent years. Surgical resection is the best treatment modality for ICC;however,the overall prognosis remains poor. Accurate evaluation of post operative prognosis allows personalized treatment and improved long-term outcomes of ICC. The American Joint Commission on Cancer TNM staging manual is the basis for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of ICC;however,the contents of stage T and stage N need to be improved. The nomogram model or scoring system established in the analysis of commonly used clinicopathological parameters can provide individualized prognostic evaluation and improve prediction accuracy;however,more studies are needed to validate the results before clinical use. Meanwhile,imaging features exhibit great potential to establish the post operative prognosis evaluation system for ICC. Molecular-based classification provides an accurate guarantee for prognostic assessment as well as selection of populations that are sensitive to targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Therefore,the establishment of a prognosis evaluation system,based on clinical and pathological characteristics and centered on the combination of multidisciplinary and multi-omics,will be conducive to improving the long-term outcomes of ICC after surgical resection in the context of big medical data.

Effects of Methionine Restriction on Proliferation, Cell Cycle, and Apoptosis of Human Acute Leukemia Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of methionine restriction on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human acute leukemia cells.@*METHODS@#Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the effect of methionine restriction on HL-60 and Jurkat cells proliferation. The effect of methionine restriction on cell cycle of HL-60 and Jurkat cells was examined by PI staining. Annexin V-FITC / PI double staining was applied to detect apoptosis of HL-60 and Jurkat cells following methionine restriction. The expression of cell cycle-related proteins cyclin B1, CDC2 and apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 was evaluated by Western blot assay.@*RESULTS@#Methionine restriction significantly inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 and Jurkat cells in a time-dependent manner (HL-60: r =0.7773, Jurkat: r =0.8725), arrested the cells at G2/M phase (P < 0.001), and significantly induced apoptosis of HL-60 and Jurkat cells (HL-60: P < 0.001; Jurkat: P < 0.05). Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that methionine restriction significantly reduced the proteins expression of Cyclin B1 (P < 0.05), CDC2 (P < 0.01) and Bcl-2 (P < 0.001) in HL-60 and Jurkat cells.@*CONCLUSION@#Acute leukemia cells HL-60 and Jurkat exhibit methionine dependence. Methionine restriction can significantly inhibit the proliferation, promote cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis of HL-60 and Jurkat cells, which suggests that methionine restriction may be a potential therapeutic strategy for acute leukemia.

Expert guidance on overall management of liver cancer during the COVID-19 / 中华消化外科杂志

The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues, which shows the concentrated or sporadic cases in multiple places. Current COVID situation is still complex. During the COVID-19, routine diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer patients has been affected in different degrees. Under the premise of following the treatment guidelines, how to reduce the risk of infection of patients and medical staff, utilize limited medical resources to maximally ensure anti-tumor treatment and related emergency treatment, and help patients get through the epidemic period is a problem for liver oncologists. Thus, experts of liver cancer treatment related disciplines of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University have written the Expert guidance on overall management of liver cancer during the COVID-19, which aims to provide references for liver oncolo-gists to conduct clinical work safely and effectively under the epidemic prevention and control, and to help patients fight against the epidemic smoothly.

Spatial distribution and dynamic changes of pharmacist resource in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To stud y the s patial distribution and spatial aggregation of pharmacist resources at provincial level in China from 2010 to 2020，and to provide reference for the optimal configuration of pharmacist resources. METHODS Taking the 2011 China Health Statistics Yearbook ，2016 China Health and Family Planning Statistics Yearbook ，2021 China Health Statistics Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook as data sources ，the spatial distribution of the number of pharmacists per capita in each province in China was described ，and the current situation of pharmacist resource spatial aggregation were analyzed by using global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation methods. RESULTS In 2020，the number of pharmacists per capita in China had certain differences among provinces ，with the highest in Beijing reaching 6.9 people/10 000 people，and the lowest in Hebei at 2.7 people/10 000 people. From 2010 to 2020，the number of pharmacists per capita in all provinces had increased ，with the largest increase in Guizhou （50.6％）and the smallest increase in Liaoning （3.1％）. Results of the global spatial autocorrelation showed that the clustering degree of pharmacist resource allocation per capita decreased gradually from 2010 to 2014. Spatial aggregation of pharmacist resource allocation per capita increased to certain extent from 2016 to 2019，and remained stable in 2020. Results of local spatial autocorrelation showed that Sichuan ，Yunnan and Guizhou presented a low-low aggregation pattern in 2010，while Tianjin presented a high-high aggregation pattern ；in 2015，Sichuan and Yunnan presented a low-low aggregation pattern ，while Tianjin presented a high-high aggregation pattern ；in 2020，Shandong presented a low-low aggregation pattern ，while Tianjin presented a high-high aggregation pattern. CONCLUSIONS From 2010 to 2020，there was a spatial clustering phenomenon in the allocation of pharmacist source per capita at the provincial level in China ，and pharmacist resources are correspondingly concentrated in the Beijing ，Shanghai，Guangzhou and Shenzhen and the economically developed Yangtze River Delta region.

Effects of RhoA silencing on the migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To explore whether RhoA plays a role in the migration and invasion of the salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines SACC-LM and SACC-83.@*Methods@#Total RNA and total protein were extracted from 20 salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) and normal adjacent tissues frozen in liquid nitrogen to detect RhoA expression. RhoA-siRNA was constructed to transfect two cell lines (SACC-LM and SACC-83) for cytological experiments. The research included an experimental group (RhoA-siRNA transfection), negative control group (siRNA-NC transfection) and blank group by transient transfection with liposomes. Expression of RhoA mRNA and protein as well as the protein expression of biomarkers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were analyzed, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin. Furthermore, the changes in invasion and migration of cells in each group were analyzed by comparing the number of transmembrane cells in the Transwell assay and the results of the scratch test.@*Results@#Compared with normal adjacent tissues, RhoA protein and mRNA levels increased in SACC tissues. Compared with the control group, the relative expression levels of RhoA mRNA and protein decreased (P < 0.01), the relative expression levels of E-cadherin protein increased, and the relative expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin protein increased in the experimental group (P < 0.01). Additionally, the trial results revealed that RhoA knockdown restrained cell migration and invasion (P < 0.01).@*Conclusion @#RhoA expression increased in SACC tissue. Silencing RhoA in vitro could effectively restrain cell migration and invasion in SACC-LM and SACC-83 cells through the regulation of EMT signaling pathways.

Effect of modified Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction combined with Nimodipine on improving cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic cerebral insufficiency / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the effect of modified Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction combined with Nimodipine on cognitive dysfunction and changes on cerebral blood flows of the patients with chronic cerebral insufficiency (CCCI).Methods:A total of 91 patients with CCCI who received treatment in our hospital from March 2019 to March 2020 were selected and divided into the treatment group ( n=46) and the control group ( n=45), according to random number table method. The control group was treated with Nimodipine oral treatment, and the treatment group was treated with modified Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction on the basis of the control group treatment. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome scores were performed before and after treatment, and transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to detect the average blood flow of bilateral vertebral arteries (VA), basilar arteries (BA), internal carotid arteries (ICA) and middle cerebral arteries (MCA). The whole blood viscosity high shear (HS), whole blood low shear (LS), plasma viscosity (PV), fibrinogen (FIB) and hematocrit (HCT) were detected by automatic blood rheometerusing. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) was used to assess the degree of cognitive impairment and evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results:The total effective rate was 91.3% (42/46) in the treatment group and 73.3% (33/45) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=5.07, P=0.024). The scores of dizziness, headache, forgetfulness, insomnia and total scores in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment ( t values were 8.59, 7.79, 3.92, 4.11, 5.01, all Ps<0.01), and the MoCA score (25.13±2.16 vs. 23.88±2.70; t=2.44, P=0.017) in the treatment group significantly higher than that in the control group. After treatment, VA [(35.49±4.08) cm/s vs. (32.17±4.25) cm/s, t=3.80], BA [(36.99±3.79) cm/s vs. (33.76±4.12) cm/s, t=3.89], ICA [(62.49±5.07) cm/s vs. (58.91±5.31) cm/s, t=3.29], MCA [(70.09±5.04) cm/s vs. (67.12±5.85) cm/s, t=2.60] in the treatment group was significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of HS, LS, PV, Fg, and HCT in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 2.37, 4.35, 2.23, 2.42, 2.20, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:Modified Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction combined with Nimodipine tablets can relieve the clinical symptoms of CCCI patients, improve blood flow velocity, blood rheology level and cognitive function, and improve clinical efficacy.

The inhibitory effect of a novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor ZL-n-91 on proliferation of osteosarcoma U20S cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the anti-cancer effects of ZL-n-91, a novel and highly selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, on the osteosarcoma U2OS cells.Methods CCK-8 assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of ZL-n-91 with different concentrations(0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, 480 μmol·L-1)and different intervention time(0, 24, 48, 72, 96 h)on the proliferation of U2OS cells.Tablet clone forming experiment was used to detect the effect of ZL-n-91 on the clonality of U2OS cells.Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution.Western blot was employed to detect the expression of Bcl-2, CDK2, CDK4, CyclinD1, CyclinE1 protein.Results The inhibitory rate of ZL-n-91 on U2OS cells was concentration- and time-dependent(P<0.05), and its half inhibition rate IC50 was 174.1 μmol·L-1.ZL-n-91 significantly inhibited the clonality of U2OS cells(P<0.01).ZL-n-91 significantly induced cell apoptosis, and caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in U2OS cells(P<0.01).The results of Western blot showed that ZL-n-91 significantly down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2, CDK2, CDK4, CyclinD1, CyclinE1 proteins in U2OS cells(P<0.05).Conclusions The novel selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, ZL-n-91, can significantly inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma U2OS cells with induction of cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis, and may become a potential anti-cancer agent.

The effect of lead exposure on copper transporter protein in mouse cerebral cortex / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective ， To explore the effects of lead exposure on copper level copper transporter protein expression and Methods oxidative stress in mouse cerebral cortex. The specific pathogen free adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly ， - - - divided into control group low lead exposure group and high lead exposure group with 10 mice in each group. The mice in low - ， and high lead exposure groups were respectively given 250 and 500 mg/L lead acetate in drinking water every day and the mice - ， in the control group were given double distilled water for 12 weeks. Twenty four hours after exposure Morris water maze and ， elevated cross maze were used to test the neurobehavioral function of mice. The cerebral cortex of mice was isolated and the levels of lead and copper were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The activities of glutathione （ - ）， （ ） （ ） peroxidase GSH Px catalase CAT and malondialdehyde MDA were detected by histochemical method. The relative （ ） ， ， expression levels of copper transporter such as synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase SCO 1 SCO 2 and cytochrome C oxidase （ ） Results - - assembly protein 11 COX11 were detected by western blot. The escape latencies of mice in the low and high lead （ P ）， ， - exposure groups were prolonged all <0.05 while the number of crossing the platform the percentage of open arm entry - （ P ） times and the percentage of open arm retention time decreased all <0.05 compared with the control group. Mice in both the - - （ P ）， - low and high lead exposure groups increased levels of lead and copper in the cerebral cortex all <0.05 decreased GSH Px （ P ）， （ P ） and CAT activity all <0.05 and increased SCO1 relative expression all <0.05 compared with the control group. Mice in - （P ）， - the high lead exposure group showed prolonged escape latency <0.05 reduced GSH Px and CAT activities in the cerebral （ P ）， （ P ） - cortex all <0.05 increased MDA level and relative expression of SCO1 and SCO2 all <0.05 compared to mice in the low Conclusion - lead exposure group. Lead exposure increased the expression of copper and copper transport related proteins in mouse cerebral cortex and induced oxidative stress leading to central nervous system damage resulting in neurobehavioral abnormalities in mice.

Effects of isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase silencing on the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#The effect of isoprenylcysteine carboxymethyltransferase (ICMT) silencing on the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma was investigated by constructing the small interfering RNA (siRNA) of ICMT.@*METHODS@#Through liposomal transfection, siRNA was transfected into human tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells (ICMT-siRNA group) with a negative control group (transfected with NC-siRNA) and a blank control group (transfected with a transfection reagent but not with siRNA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the mRNA expression of ICMT and RhoA in each group of cells after transfection and to measure the silencing efficiency. Western blot was applied to examine the expression levels of ICMT, total RhoA, membrane RhoA, ROCK1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 proteins in each group. The migration and invasion abilities were evaluated via wound healing and Transwell motility assays.@*RESULTS@#After CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells were transfected with ICMT-siRNA, the expression levels of ICMT genes and proteins decreased significantly in the experimental group compared with those in the negative and blank control groups (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The migration and invasion abilities of CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells were reduced significantly after the transfection of ICMT-siRNA, and the involved mechanism might be related to the RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway.

Effects of isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to explore the effects of silencing isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransfe-rase (Icmt) through small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference on the proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).@*METHODS@#Three siRNA were designed and constructed for the Icmt gene sequence and were then transfected into TSCC cells CAL-27 and SCC-4 to silence Icmt expression. The tested cells were divided as follows: RNA interference groups Icmt-siRNA-1, Icmt-siRNA-2, and Icmt-siRNA-3, negative control group, and blank control group. The transfection efficiency of siRNA was detected by the fluorescent group Cy3-labeled siRNA, and the expression of Icmt mRNA was screened by quantitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) selected the experimental group for subsequent experiments. The expression of Icmt, RhoA, Cyclin D1, p21, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK) were analyzed by Western blot. The proliferation abilities of TSCC cells were determined by cell counting kit-8 assay. The change in apoptosis was detected by AnnexinV-APC/propidium staining (PI) assay. Cell-cycle analysis was conducted by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#The expression of Icmt mRNA and protein in TSCC cells significantly decreased after Icmt-siRNA transfection (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Silencing Icmt can effectively downregulate its expression in TSCC cells, reduce the RhoA membrane targeting localization and cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis. Thus, Icmt may be a potential gene therapy target for TSCC.

Mangiferin inhibited neuroinflammation through regulating microglial polarization and suppressing NF-κB, NLRP3 pathway / 中国天然药物

Inflammation plays important roles in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Microglia is responsible for the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS), and involved in the neuroinflammation. Therefore, it could be potential in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases to suppress the microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Mangiferin, a major glucoside of xanthone in Anemarrhena Rhizome, has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, and anti-oxidative properties. However, the effect of mangiferin on the inflammatary responses of microglia cells are still poorly understand. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which mangiferin inhibited inflammation in LPS-induced BV

Chinese expert consensus on the management of immune-related adverse events of hepato-cellular carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (2021 edition) / 中华消化外科杂志

The clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. With the widespread applica-tion of ICIs in HCC, the management of immune-related adverse events (irAE) gained more and more attention. However, the complicated disease characteristics and various combination therapies in HCC throw out challenges to irAE management. Therefore, the editorial board of the 'Chinese expert consensus on the management of immune-related adverse events of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (2021 edition)' organizes multidisciplinary experts to discuss and formulate this consensus. The consensus focuses on issues related to HCC irAE manage-ment, and puts forward suggestions, in order to improve standardized and safety clinical medication, so as to maximize the benefits of immunotherapy for patients.

The clinical research of five-step 180W XPS greenlight photoselective vaporization of the prostate for large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of five-step 180W XPS greenlight photoselective vaporization of prostate (PVP)for large volume (≥80ml) benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods:A total of 240 BPH patients (PV≥ 80 ml), treated with five-step 180W XPS PVP from June 2017 to May 2019 in our center, were reviewed retrospectively. The average age was (70.18±7.71) years old, and 129 cases were over 70 years old. The average body mass index was (24.91±2.98 )kg/m 2. The median international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was 23 (20, 26) and the quality of life (QOL) score was 5 (4, 5) points. Besides, the preoperative median prostate volume (PV) was 98.29 (86.49, 116.32) ml, the median maximum urinary flow rate (Q max)was 6 (4, 8) ml/s and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) was 120 (30, 200) ml. All patients underwent 180W XPS five-step method PVP operation according to the following method. The first step is vaporization of 1-2 o′clock (left lobe) and 10-11 o′clock (right lobe) in order to establish operating channel. The second step is vaporization of the lateral lobe layer by layer from the ventral side to the dorsal side. The third step is channel establishment of 5/7 o′clock mid lobe parasulcus. The forth step is ablation of the middle lobe laterally. The fifth step is vaporization of the apex of the prostate and trimming. The IPSS score, QOL score, Q max and PVR were evaluated 12 months later after the PVP operation. Results:All the 240 cases were treated by five-step 180W XPS PVP operation successfully. The median operation time and laser time were 83 (73, 98.75) min and 66 (60, 76) min. Capsular perforation was found in 3 cases, which occurred in the trimming stage. There were 9 cases treated with TURP to stop bleeding, and no cases suffered blood transfusion. Twenty-two patients underwent bladder irrigation for 6 to 24 hours after the operation, and the median catheter indwelling time and post-operative hospital stay were 3 (3, 4) days and 4 (3, 5) days respectively. Twenty-six patients suffered urinary incontinence, including 22 cases of urinary incontinence and 4 cases of stress urinary incontinence. In addition, there was no severe hematuria, severe bladder irritation or urinary retention among the patients. The postoperative IPSS score was 5(4, 7), QOL score 1(1, 2), Q max 18(15, 20)ml/s and PVR 10(0, 30)ml, which were all significantly improved compared with those before surgery ( P<0.01). None second PVP surgery was performed. Conclusions:The five-step 180W XPS PVP operation has the advantages of improving lower urinary tract symptoms, less blood loss and low incidence of perioperative adverse events. It is easy to use, which is a reliable minimally surgery.