Serum vaspin levels are associated with decreased insulin sensitivity in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh

The present study aimed to explore the relationship of circulating vaspin levels with insulin sensitivity and anthropometric factors. This study was conducted with 65 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] patients with age-matched 65 healthy controls. Serum glucose was measured using glucose-oxidase method, lipid profiles by enzymatic end-point methods, and fasting insulin and vaspin levels were assessed with ELISA techniques. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity [HOMA%S] and insulin secretory capacity [HOMA%B] were estimated from the fasting glucose and insulin levels using HOMA-CIGMA software. Fasting serum insulin [micro U/ml] was higher in the diabetic group than controls [16.0 +/- 7.9 vs. 10.9 +/- 3.3, respectively, p=0.0001]. The mean [ +/- SD] HOMA%S of the diabetics was significantly lower than that of the controls [48 +/- 31 vs. 76 +/- 55, respectively, p = 0.001]. The HOMA%B of the T2DM group was nearly 50% of that of the controls [71 +/- 40 vs. 131 +/- 46, respectively, p = 0.001]. The T2DM group exhibited significantly lower serum vaspin [ng/ml] levels than the controls [0.62 +/- 0.26 vs. 0.83 +/- 0.28, respectively, p = 0.001]. Vaspin levels were negatively correlated with waist circumference [r = 0.17, p = 0.043] and positively correlated with HOMA%S [r = 0.243, p = 0.007] among all of the participants. The association of serum vaspin with diabetes remained highly significant [p = 0.008] in binary logistic regression analysis performed after adjusting for the effects of confounders. Serum vaspin level is positively associated with insulin sensitivity and negatively correlated with serum glucose, BMI and waist-height ratio

Increased concentration of circulating visfatin associates with post-challenged hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in IGT subjects

Objectives: The cytokine visfatin is increased in obesity and type 2 Diabetes; however, its role in the development of diabetes is still unsettled. The present study aimed to investigate the serum visfatin levels in prediabetic subjects

Methods: Seventeen subjects with Impaired Fasting Glucose [IFG], 44 Impaired Glucose Tolerant [IGT], 16 IFG-IGT and 51 healthy subjects were recruited. Fasting insulin and visfatin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] techniques. The Insulin sensitivity Homeostasis Model Assessment [HOMA%S] and B-cell secretory capacity [HOMA%B] were estimated using HOMA-CIGMA software

Results: HOMA%B was significantly lower in IFG [p = 0.0001] and IFG-IGT [p = 0.001] subjects. HOMA%S in IGT [p = 0.0001] and IFG-IGT [p = 0.001] subjects were significantly lower compared to controls. The fasting serum visfatin [ng/ml] level was significantly higher in IFG [5.08 +/- 2.16, p = 0.0001], IGT [4.75 +/- 2.81, p = 0.0001] and IFG-IGT subjects [4.33 +/- 2.68, p = 0.013] compared to controls [2.60 +/- 1.2]. In binary logistic regression analysis, visfatin has found significantly associated with IFG [B = 0.198, p = 0.040], IGT [B = 0.162, p = 0.043] and IFG-IGT [B = 0.188, p = 0.044]. Visfatin was also found significantly correlated with postprandial serum glucose and blood pressure in IGT subjects. Frequency of IFG, IGT and IFG-IGT subjects increased with increasing visfatin concentrations

Conclusions: Serum visfatin appear to be associated with IFG, IGT and IFG-IGT. Postprandial serum glucose and blood pressure are positively associated with visfatin levels in IGT subjects

Fabrication of potential macromolecular prodrugs of aspirin and diclofenac with dextran

Aspirin and diclofenac conjugates with dextran were synthesized as potential macromolecular prodrugs under homogeneous reaction conditions by using 4-methyl-benzenesulfonyl chloride as an acylating agent in the presence of triethylamine as a base. Highly pure conjugates with good yields were synthesized by this acylation method. All of the products were found soluble in aqueous medium as well as in dimethylsulfoxide and N, N-dimethylacetamide. The UV/Vis spectrophotometry has indicated the incorporation of drugs in conjugates and extent of substitution of drug onto dextran polymer. Covalent attachment of the drug onto the drug carrier polymer [dextran] was verified by [1]H NMR and Fourier transform infrared [FTIR] spectroscopic analysis. The prodrugs were analysed by powder X-ray diffraction [XRD] measurements. Phase changes were noticed by powder XRD for all macromolecular prodrugs indicating the change of state of matter towards more crystallinity. Therefore, fabricated macromolecular prodrugs are potential candidates to show better pharmacokinetic profile. All of the products were thoroughly characterized by using different spectroscopic techniques