Exploring the position of community-based nursing in Iran: a qualitative study

Background: Community-based nursing focuses on providing health services to families and communities in the second and third levels of prevention and this can improve the individuals, families and communities' quality of life, and reduce the healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to explore the status of community-based nursing in Iran

Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from March to November 2015, in Tehran, Iran, using the content analysis approach. The study setting consisted of Iran and Tehran Faculties of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran, Iran. The purposive sampling method was used. Twenty faculty members and Master's and PhD students were interviewed by using the face-to-face semi-structured interview method. Moreover, two focus groups were conducted for complementing and enriching the study data. The data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman's approach to content analysis. The trustworthiness of the study findings was maintained by employing the Lincoln and Guba's criteria of credibility, dependability, and confirmability

Results: In total, 580 codes were generated and categorized into three main categories of conventional services, the necessity for creating infrastructures, and multidimensional outcomes of communitybased nursing

Conclusion: Introducing community-based nursing into nursing education curricula and creating ample job opportunities for community-based nurses seem clearly essential

Women's health concept: a meta-synthesis study

It is necessary to identify unidentified or less- concentrated issues in women's health dimension through an extended study. This study is done to identify different dimensions of women's health among qualitative research. The present meta-synthesis study is done through a systematic review. The main criteria were to use qualitative studies issued in the same language and researches in which their participants were women. All the published and indexed articles related to women's health in Iran at SID, Magiran and Iranmedex databases from 2001 to 2013 were scrutinized. Search in these databases was done using key words "health" and "women". Finally, 29 qualitative articles were chosen. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis. Generally, concepts extracted from women's health dimension are classified in three main categories including personal, familial and social dimensions. Each category includes some subcategories, too. Personal factors consist of physical, psychological -emotional and spiritual; familial factors consist of fertility, husband's support and women's fundamental roles, and social factors consist of cultural, socioeconomically support, and women's management issues. In this meta-synthesis study, there was an effort to present a new interpretation of the previous studies. This study helped attain a more comprehensive and deeper knowledge about women's health concept and reveal its different aspects, which are not assessed in the country

[ effect of education on dietary behaviors to prevent cancer in mothers]

Numerous studies show that dietary behavior and the risk of various cancers [30 to 40%] are directly related, so changing dietary behavior could play an important role in preventing different cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the education of cancer preventing nutrition to the mothers of the students. In this quasi- experimental study, samples were 80 mothers of the students from two high schools of Tehran. They were divided into two groups with 40 persons in each group. They were selected by a multistage cluster sampling method. The data were collected in the control and intervention group by a self-administered questionnaire containing demographic and dietary behaviors parts [food frequency, purchasing, preparing and cooking, eating habits, health, and keeping behaviors] at base line [pre-test] and 3 months later. Educational content about dietary behaviors in order to prevent cancer has been presented by three sessions of lecture and question and answers in the intervention group, followed by the distribution of educational booklets and telephone follow up. The data were analyzed using SPSS-11.5. Based on the pretest results, the mean score of cancer preventing dietary behavior was low in both groups. Three months after educational intervention, the mean score of cancer preventing dietary behavior showed a statistically significant increase in the intervention group compared with the control group [P<0.001]. The results showed that education of cancer preventing behavior could be effective in improving mothers' dietary behavior.

educational intervention using health belief model on smoking preventive behavior among female teenagers

Cigarette smoking is a common risky behavior among teenagers. Theories and models of health education aim to design effective educational programs. This study has been conducted to assess the effect of a health education program designed based on the health belief model on preventive smoking behaviors among female teenagers. In this quasi-experimental study, 176 female teenagers from the Educational Cultural Centers of 17 zones of Tehran Municipality were randomly allocated to two equal experiment and control groups [88 girls in each group]. The designed educational program was presented to the experiment group through three lecture and question/answer 45 minute sessions. Data were collected using a questionnaire before and eight weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-16. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the characteristics of the participants before the intervention. Comparison of the two experiment and control groups after education showed that the mean score of all studied constructs of the health belief model [i.e., susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers, cues to action], as well as the preventive behaviors were increased significantly. The results of this study showed that the program seems to be helpful in promoting the smoking preventive behavior among teenagers

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of Iranian adolescent girls towards 3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine

To investigate knowledge, attitude, and practice [KAP] of Iranian adolescent girls towards 3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA [Ecstasy]]. A cross-sectional design study was conducted on female adolescents in Tehran high schools. The study took place in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in October to December 2008. A randomized cluster sample of adolescent girls from 14-18 years old, and enrolled in 57 public high schools of Tehran were selected. A written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. In order to assess the participants' demographic characteristics, and KAP towards Ecstasy, a 61-item, researcher-made, valid, and reliable questionnaire was completed anonymously by all participants at schools. The questionnaire included 4 main domains assessing adolescents': 1. Demographic characteristics [14 items], 2. Knowledge [10 items] 3. Attitude [24 items], and 4. Practice [13 items] toward Ecstasy. Results were considered significant at p

[Exploring contextual factors of the nurse-patient relationship: a qualitative study]

Communication is an important aspect of nursing care and much of nurses' duties such as providing physical care, emotional support, and exchanging of information with patients can not be performed without communication. The quality of care is improved through nurse-patient relationship. Nurse and patient relationship in clinical settings is influenced by multiple contextual factors which recognize them can improve the important role of nursing. This study aimed to explore the contextual factors influencing nurse and patient relationship. The study was performed by qualitative research approach. Participants were 17[8 nurses and 9 patients] in medical and surgical wards of Imam Khomeini hospital of Tehran university of medical sciences that selected by purposive sampling method. Data were gathered by interview [unstructured and semi-structured] and observation. Data analyzed by content analysis approach. Three theme emerged form data analysis which influenced the nurse-patient relationship. Those were formative factors, continuative factors and deterrent factors. These themes were explained in detail in the main text of article. Findings showed that in spite of nurses' positive attitude to communicate with patients and caring their needs, there were problems in nurse-patient communication that prevent from a patient centered communication between nurses and patients