[ impact of exercise therapy on the musculoskeletal abnormalities of blind boy students of 12- 18 years old at Tehran Mohebbi blind school]

The purpose of this study was to examine the 13 musculoskeletal abnormalities [front head, lateral bending head, shoulder dropping, scoliosis, kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, flat back, pelvicobliguity, genu varum, x.leg, flat foot, pes cavus, and hallux valgus] after a period of exercise therapy on the blind boy students without secondary disability. In this semi-experimental research, 60 boy students were included from secondary and high school [12-18 years old] including 34 congenital blind and 26 semi blind. They were selected among 135 students at Tehran Mohebbi blind school. They were tested by measurement tools [symetrigraph, antropometer, and podioscope]. After examining the results by the New York test, the students who were diagnosed with one or more musculoskeletal abnormalities took part in four-month's exercises with 3 sessions at week. The results were registered after the end of the exercise program and administered secondary exam. The data before and after the exam were analyzed. 80 percent of the blind students at pre-exam had musculoskeletal abnormalities which are decreased to 45 percent after exercises. There were significant differences on the rate of recovery at 11 abnormalities [Exact - Sign = 0 < 0/05] and there were not significant differences at pelvicobliguity and x.leg abnormalities [Exact - Sign = 1 <0/05]. The research findings emphasized on the validation and important of exercise therapy on musculoskeletal abnormalities

Effects of early liothyronine consumption after radioiodine therapy on accumulated dose and exposure rate in patients with thyroid carcinoma

Patients administered with a therapeutic dose of 131I for thyroid cancer treatment are potential sources of unacceptably high radiation exposure to other individuals, particularly the patient's immediate family members. The aim of this study is to investigate effects of early liothyronine consumption after radio-iodine therapy on accumulated dose and exposure rate in patients with thyroid carcinoma. This study was also undertaken to provide specific guidelines as to when 131I treated thyroid cancer patients may be safe to resume close contact with their family members. Forty patients treated postoperatively by 131I for the first time were studied. These patients were divided into two groups of twenty [group 1 with liothyronine and group 2 without liothyronine]. The administered dose was 100 mCi for all patients. Thermoluminescent dosimeter chips were placed on the neck of the patients to measure thyroid dose. Liothyronine was administered 24 h after iodine therapy. Accumulated dose was measured at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after iodine therapy. Exposure rate was also measured at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 meters from the patient's body axis with Geiger-Muller detectors at discharge time and one week later. The findings indicated that liothyronine reduces accumulated dose of thyroid and stimulates rapid washout from the body after 48 h. The patient exposure rate was significantly higher in group 2 during or one week following discharge from the hospital. This study shows that liothyronine consumption decreases the exposure rate of patients at discharge time to the levels lower than that recommended by regulatory organizations

[Estimation of absorbed dose of salivary glands in radioiodine therapy and its reduction using pilocarpine]

The use of radioactive iodine [131I] has become an important adjunct to the treatment of thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism. Salivary gland has the ability to concentrate radioactive iodine under normal circumstances. Salivary gland dysfunction and dry mouth are the common side effects of high-dose radioiodine therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the absorbed dose of salivary glands. Twenty patients who were divided into two groups of 10 were studied [A group without pilocarpine and the B group received pilocarpine during treatment]. The absorbed dose of parotid glands and the submandibular glands of patients was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeter [TLD] at three different times [24 hours, 8 days and 3 months after treatment]. The attenuation coefficient of patients and the effects of pilocarpine were also determined. In group A total attenuation coefficient was 0.335, 0.323, and 0.357 for parotid glands and the right and left submandibular glands, respectively. In group B total attenuation coefficient was 0.462, 0.482, and 0.514 for parotid glands and the right and left submandibular glands, respectively. The results also showed the dose decreases to 1 cGy after 3 and 2 half life for A and B group, respectively. The findings showed that the dose decreases to 1 cGy after 3 half life of Iodine therapy. The exponential coefficient attenuation of salivary glands varied 3% to 4%. Pilocarpine appears to be effective in increasing excretion of radioactive iodine and enhancing coefficient attenuation [up to 1.5 to 2 times]