Cultural Adaption and Psychometric Analysis of Family APGAR Scale in Iranian Older People / 가정의학회지

Background@#Family function is a necessary factor that influences older people’s health. The Family APGAR has been widely used to study family functions. However, there has been no Persian version of this instrument to assess family function in older people. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Family APGAR Scale to evaluate the perception of family functions. @*Methods@#The “forward-backward” procedure was applied to translate the scale from English into Persian. The translated version was checked in terms of validity and reliability, with a sample of 281 older people selected from retirement centers. The factor structure of the scale was also tested using a confirmatory factor analysis. To test reliability, internal consistency and test–retest analyses were performed. @*Results@#The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good structural model. Criterion-related validity was strongly supported by the pattern of association between the APGAR Scale and the social support survey. Cronbach’s α of the scale was 0.88 and test–retest reliability ranged from 0.96 to 0.98, indicating a good range of reliability. @*Conclusion@#The findings of this study suggest that the Iranian version of the Family APGAR is a valid and reliable scale to evaluate family functions in health intervention programs.

Effect of educational intervention on self-efficacy for choosing delivery method among pregnant women in 2013

Nowadays, there has been a growing trend of caesarean sections in Iran. One reason would be the mother's desire. Increased maternal self-efficacy can be an important step to reduce percentage of cesarean. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of training-based strategies to increase the self-efficacy for choosing delivery method among pregnant women in Shahrekord city. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 130 pregnant women who attended urban health centers in Shahrekord city in 2013. Intervention was applied in the experimental group in three sessions in about 60-90 min while control group did not receive any intervention. Fear of childbirth and self-efficacy questionnaire was completed before and after training. While mean scores of the fear of childbirth, expectations and childbirth self-efficacy before the intervention between the two groups were not significantly different [P > 0.05], mean scores of childbirth in intervention group was reduced and expectation and childbirth self-efficacy had a significant increase after intervention [P < 0.05]. In this study, 71.4% of mothers in intervention group and 53.8% of control mothers naturally delivered their children. Most of intervention group mothers desired to deliver through cesarean and had more fear [P < 0.001] but lower childbirth expectation [P> 0.05] and self-efficacy [P < 0.001] than those who chose normal method. Our findings showed that training-based self-efficacy procedure has been effective in encouraging mothers to choose natural childbirth. Therefore, the design and implementation of curriculum-based strategies for increasing self-efficacy is suggested for pregnant women

Failure rate of dental procedures performed under general anesthesia on children presenting to Mofid pediatric hospital during 2010-2011

Extensive dental treatments for young healthy and medically compromised children are performed under general anesthesia in a daily basis. Considering the side effects of sedatives and anesthetic drugs and also the high risk of dental caries in this group of patients, it is especially important to decide the safest and the most cost beneficial treatments. This study aimed at clinical evaluation of the failure rate of various dental procedures performed under general anesthesia on children presenting to Mofid Pediatric Hospital in Tehran during 2010-2011. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 104 patients who received dental treatments under general anesthesia in Mofid Pediatric Hospital and a minimum of 6 months had been passed from their treatment. Dental examination was performed on a dental chair using dental mirror and a probe in the out-patient dental clinic of Mofid Pediatric Hospital. Recorded information included all types of treatment failures occurred in patients that were registered in especially prepared forms. Overall difference in failure rates was calculated using Chi square test while multiple logistic regression test was used to investigate the effect of different factors on the failure rate of treatment modalities. Our study results indicated that stainless steel crown [SSC] was the most successful treatment with the lowest failure rate [1.5%]. SSC had a significantly lower failure rate compared to amalgam [7.9%] and posterior composite restorations [9.9%] [P=0.003 and P=0.000, respectively]. Composite buildup of the anterior teeth had the highest failure rate [22.4%] among all types of anterior restorations [11.6%] [P=0.009]. The failure rates of both pulpectomy and pulpotomy procedures were found to be reasonably low rating at 0.8% and 1.1%, respectively. The highest failure rate belonged to anterior teeth build-ups. Teeth restored with SSC had the highest success rate indicating it as the treatment of choice for badly carious posterior teeth of children who require dental treatments under general anesthesia