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Mucourmycosis also known as zygomycosis caused by mucorales present in air and soil leads to development of infection in different parts of body common in rhinocerebral area, sinuses, lungs gastrointestinal tract . The major risk factor for its development is diabetes mellitus or any other condition which causes immune suppression. It is a lethal secondary infection seen in COVID -19 infected patients.We present a case of 48 year old diabetic COVID-19 recovered patient who was diagnosed as a case of rhinomaxillary mucourmycosis. He was treated with surgical debridement and Amphotericin B along with strict glycemic control. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent morbidity and mortality in case of mucourmycosis infection
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a neoplastic entity pertaining to lymphocytes when they get accumulated in either lymph nodes thereby call as Small lymphocytic lymphoma or spilled up in the circulation of the blood. These lymphocytes are mature looking, relatively immunologically competent usually expressing B cell phenotype markers. The median age of affection of patients at the time of diagnosis is 71 years and its incidence increases with age. Its incidence in an age group <50 years is quite uncommon accounting only to 10-15% of total diagnosed cases. Here we are presenting such a rare case report of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia where age of affection is less than 40 years
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Transfusion of blood and blood components could be responsible for saving millions of life each year throughout the world. However, on the other hand , an improperly screened donated blood can be a source of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs). Some important prevalent infections are caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Treponema pallidum and malaria parasite. To study the sero-prevalence and trends of HIV viral markers amidst blood donors in Northern India.The study was carried out in the blood bank section of Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Era University, Lucknow. The present study was conducted as a retrospective & prospective observational study. Retrospective data of past eight years before commencement of study (2008 to 2015) and prospective data of one and a half years (2016 and 2017) was used in the study. Data of 22192 blood donors was explored for the present study. Only 10 donors were found to be positive for HIV viral markers. Prevalence of HIV positivity was relatively much lower than that reported in contemporary studies. Nevertheless, the present study underscored the need to carry out screening of viral markers and their periodic audit in order to understand the changing trends of sero-positivity among blood donors.
RESUMO
Extranodal Lymphomas are most commonly located in gastrointestinal tract. The most common cause of small intestinal obstruction in children is intussusception. However GI lymphomas are a rare cause of intussusception. So we are reporting a case of extranodal lymphoma in a female child presenting as intussusception of small intestine. a 9 years old female child presented with features of subacute intestinal obstruction. On examination a lump was felt in the abdomen. On further evaluation, a computed tomography (CT) revealed a possibility of lymphoma. The bowel segment was excised and sent for histopathological examination. On gross examination a growth was seen along with satellite lesion. 10 lymph nodes were also identified. Representative sections were taken. Microscopic examination showed the presence of medium size to large size lymphoid cells. After immunohistochemical staining a diagnosis of Non Hodgkins Lymphoma (Extranodal Marginal Zone) was made. 1 lymph node was positive for tumour invasion while other 9 were showing reactive hyperplasia. Since both lymphomas and intussesception are common in pediatric age group, lymphoma should always be kept as a differential diagnosis while dealing with a case of intussusception in pediatric age group.