Management of acute vision loss

Acute visual loss is a mutual complaint with variable presentations amid patients of different ages. The degree of difference diagnoses of vision loss is immense. Generally, monocular vision loss regularly specifies an ocular problem. Binocular vision loss is commonly cerebral in origin. Monocular vision loss can respect the horizontal midline. Binocular vision loss can respect the vertical midline. Many diverse causes of sudden visual loss are recognized; though, the most common cause for painless visual loss is ischemia. Vision loss with positive scotoma may be seen with migraine. Vision loss with a negative scotoma may be seen with amaurosis fugax. Ischemia, often via mechanical obstruction, can affect any aspect of the visual system. Those who develop ischemia of the eye often have other evidence of atherosclerotic disease, such as coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease, which increases their susceptibility to ischemic events in other parts of the body. Risk factors include smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension

Respiratory aspects of approach to neonatal resuscitation

Introduction: Around 10% of live births globally require immediate intervention, and 4 million neonatal deaths happen in a year, where one fourth of them are due to asphyxia. Regular respiration may fail to achieve spontaneously in about ten percent of live births, with one percent of cases needing resuscitation with chest compressions, and about 0.06% needing epinephrine. The target in neonatal resuscitation is to achieve sufficient functional residual capacity, while avoiding pulmonary damage, and to optimize the tissue delivery of oxygen without causing toxicity

Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1985, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: neonatal asphyxia, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal intensive care, respiratory distress syndrome, complications of prematurity, oxygen therapy, neonatal ventilation

Aim: In this review, we aim to study the various approach taken to provide immediate resuscitation to neonates with respect to respiratory distress

Conclusion: With advancing research, physicians should have more devices to decrease the mortality rates among infants. We also need more research to establish best recommendations and guidelines on the use of best interventions especially in clinical setting with limited resources