RESUMO
Objective: To determine the effect of
Study Design: Randomized control trial
Place and Duration of Study: BARMWT Hospital, Rawalpindi, from March to August 2015
Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 174 CABG and valvular heart disease patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures. After selection of sample via non-probability purposive sampling, they were randomly allocated into interventional group [n=87] and control group [n=87]. Treatment protocol for experimental group was
Results: The patients' mean age was 51.86 +/-13.76 years. Male to female ratio was 132:42. Statistically significant differences in respiratory rate and SpO[2] [p=0.000 and 0.000, respectively] were found between both groups. Among ABG's, PCO[2] and pH showed significant differences with p values of 0.039 and <0.001, respectively. No significant differences were observed between both groups regarding electrolytes [Na[+], K[+], Cl[-], p-values of 0.361, 0.575 and 0.120 respectively] and creatinine [p=0.783]. Marked improvement in oxygen saturation, dyspnea and a fall in systolic BP was seen in interventional group. There was also observed to be a reduction in the length of ICU stay among interventional group patients as frequency with percentage of total stay was compared to control group
Conclusion: Early physical activity [
RESUMO
Pes planus [flat foot] is a musculoskeletal abnormality of lower limb, often associated with some degree of malalignment at the knee i.e. genu valgum [knock knees]. In majority of cases, these deformities resolve by themselves during infancy and childhood, but if they persist in adolescent age, then there is no chance of resolution and might pose serious problems for the individual in the future
Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with pes planus and genu valgum in adolescents. The two main factors under investigation were physical activity and dietary habits of adolescents and their effect on these lower limb musculoskeletal conditions
Material and methods: A case-control study was conducted on 400 [161 cases and 239 controls] school- going adolescents [11-16 years]. After completing the demographic data and recording the height and weight of each participant, the diagnosis of pes planus was made on the basis of physical examination and special tests. The data for genu valgum was collected by the measurement of clinical tibiofemoral angle. A selfreport questionnaire was used to collect other relevant data such as the symptoms experienced by the individuals. Data was analyzed on SPSS 21
Results: Out of 400 adolescents, there were 171 males and 229 females. The physical activity level of cases was 2.17 +/- 0.70, slightly less than that of control group 2.32 +/- 0.76. The diet score of cases [11.087 +/- 3.75] did not differ much from that of controls [11.214 +/- 3.75]. Tibiofemoral angle of cases was 15.7 +/- 3.42 degrees valgus for controls it was 14.1 +/- 3.49 degrees valgus. There was also a greater trend of cases towards overweight [12.8% cases and 7.43% controls] and obesity [5.84% cases and 2.62% controls], whereas the frequency of controls was higher in underweight [19.8% cases and 27.5% controls] and healthy/ normal weight category [55.5% cases and 66.8% controls]. Other associated symptoms such as foot pain, knee pain, trauma to foot and knee, difficulty in running and jumping activities etc were also found to be in higher frequency in cases as compared to in controls along with significant gender differences
Conclusion: Our study results showed that reduced physical activity can be a factor for causation of flat foot and knock-knees but the difference in diet habits was not very significant between cases and controls. Therefore unhealthy diet is not a very considerable factor in the contribution to musculoskeletal conditions in lower limb. There was a direct link between obesity and pes planus, along with a greater TFA. There was also a higher incidence of knee pain in the flat foot cases who complained of foot pain along with various other associated symptoms