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Objective To study the chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Monimopetalum chinense. Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. Results Two new dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes were isolated from the stems and leaves of M. chinense and identified as 1α,6β-dinicotinoyloxy-9α-acetoxy-dihydro- β-agarofuran (1) and 1α,6β-dinicotinoyloxy-9α-benzoyloxy-8α-hydroxydihydro-β-agarofuran (2). Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, and named as monimins I and II, respectively.
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Nitidine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from Zanthorulum nitidum (Roxb .) DC root .Research shows that nitidine displays rich biological activities ,such as anti-tumor ,anti-inflammatory ,anti-malaria and etc .This paper reviewed the progress of the total synthesis methods for nitidine and recent research on bioactivities .
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Objective To investigate the toxic effects and mechanisms of sulphur mustard on DNA damage of human immortalized epidermal keratinocytes (HacaT cells).Methods The inhibitory effect of sulphur mustard on the proliferation of HacaT cells was detected by CCK-8 method.The apoptosis index of cells was measured by Annexin V-FITC method.The effects of sulphur mustard on DNA damage were detected by single cell gel electrophoresis.The expression levels of DNA damage and repair related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The proliferation rate of HacaT cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with sulphur mustard for 24 h (IC50 value was 121 mol/L).The apoptotic and comet tailing rates of cells treated with sulphur mustard also increased in a dose-dependent manner.The expression levels of DNA damage and repair related proteins were changed after treatment with sulphur mustard.Conclusion Sulphur mustard has significant cytotoxic effect on HacaT cells,and can induce apoptosis and DNA damage.In addition,ATM-P53-γH2AX-PARP signaling pathway plays an important role in the repair of DNA damage induced by sulphur mustard.
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Objective Study configuration inversion of C-2-hydroxy in lycorine to provide a foundation for semi-synthesis of asiaticumine B .Methods Use instrumental analyses to explore the C-2-hydroxy configuration through oxidation and reduc-tion reactions .Results Accomplished configuration inversion of C-2-hydroxy in lycorine with 49% yield .Conclusion We identified a convenient and efficient method for the configuration inversion of C 2-hydroxy in lycorine .
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Multi-components compatibility theory of Chinese materia medica (CMM) has been more and more mature and perfect, because of the efforts of many scientific and technological workers for nearly 20 years. Omics, compatibility, and fingerprint are the three key words of the multi-components compatibility theory. Namely in multi-components compatibility theory, modern "omics" and traditional "compatibility" are closely combined through "fingerprint". The modernization of CMM has developed to such a stage that the fingerprint (especially IGD 13C-NMR coupling fingerprint) method could be used to study morden CMM under the guidance of multi-components compatibility theory.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the combined effect of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) and the implantation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on cardiac function of ischemic hearts in canines. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded to establish the canine model of acute myocardial infarct (AMI). Four weeks later, the animals were randomly divided into four groups: TMLR group, in which transmyocardial laser-induced channels were established at the ischemic region; EPCs+TMLR group, in which EPCs were locally transplanted into laser-induced channels at the ischemic region; EPCs group, in which the EPCs were injected into the ischemic region; control group, in which the AMI animals received neither TMLR nor EPCs. The peripheral blood (50 mL) was sampled in all groups. Mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood were separated and cultured to obtain spindle-shaped attaching (AT) cells in vitro. AT cells were labeled with 1, 1'-dioctadecyl-1 to 3,3, 3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) before injecting into the laser-induced channels or ischemic region. Four weeks after the first operation, TMLR was performed in the TMLR group and EPCs+TMLR group, and at the same time, the EPCs originating from the AT cells were mixed with calcium alginate (CA). Then the EPCs-CA composites were implanted into myocardial channels induced by laser in the EPCs+TMLR group, and into the myocardial infarct area in the EPCs group. All dogs underwent echocardiography at second month after LAD occlusion. Finally the samples of myocardium around the LAD were subjected to histochemical and immunohistologic examinations. The results showed there was no significant difference in the diameter of left atrium and ventricle before treatment among all groups (P>0.05). Eight weeks after modeling, the regional contractility in the LAD territory in the EPCs+TMLR group was increased as compared with control group and TMLR group, but there was no significant difference between control group and TMLR group. Neoangiogenesis was observed in the EPCs+TMLR group, and the fibrosis was seen in the TMLR group. There was no significant difference in neoangiogenesis around the channels induced by laser among EPCs+TMLR, EPCs and TMLR groups. It was concluded that TMLR combined with EPCs could improve the regional and global cardiac function in AMI, and augment neovascularizaiton in channels of ischemic myocardium induced by laser.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the combined effect of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) and the implantation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on cardiac function of ischemic hearts in canines. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded to establish the canine model of acute myocardial infarct (AMI). Four weeks later, the animals were randomly divided into four groups: TMLR group, in which transmyocardial laser-induced channels were established at the ischemic region; EPCs+TMLR group, in which EPCs were locally transplanted into laser-induced channels at the ischemic region; EPCs group, in which the EPCs were injected into the ischemic region; control group, in which the AMI animals received neither TMLR nor EPCs. The peripheral blood (50 mL) was sampled in all groups. Mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood were separated and cultured to obtain spindle-shaped attaching (AT) cells in vitro. AT cells were labeled with 1, 1'-dioctadecyl-1 to 3,3, 3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) before injecting into the laser-induced channels or ischemic region. Four weeks after the first operation, TMLR was performed in the TMLR group and EPCs+TMLR group, and at the same time, the EPCs originating from the AT cells were mixed with calcium alginate (CA). Then the EPCs-CA composites were implanted into myocardial channels induced by laser in the EPCs+TMLR group, and into the myocardial infarct area in the EPCs group. All dogs underwent echocardiography at second month after LAD occlusion. Finally the samples of myocardium around the LAD were subjected to histochemical and immunohistologic examinations. The results showed there was no significant difference in the diameter of left atrium and ventricle before treatment among all groups (P>0.05). Eight weeks after modeling, the regional contractility in the LAD territory in the EPCs+TMLR group was increased as compared with control group and TMLR group, but there was no significant difference between control group and TMLR group. Neoangiogenesis was observed in the EPCs+TMLR group, and the fibrosis was seen in the TMLR group. There was no significant difference in neoangiogenesis around the channels induced by laser among EPCs+TMLR, EPCs and TMLR groups. It was concluded that TMLR combined with EPCs could improve the regional and global cardiac function in AMI, and augment neovascularizaiton in channels of ischemic myocardium induced by laser.
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Animais , Cães , Humanos , Circulação Coronária , Vasos Coronários , Patologia , Cirurgia Geral , Contração Muscular , Fisiologia , Isquemia Miocárdica , Patologia , Terapêutica , Miocárdio , Patologia , Neovascularização Fisiológica , Fisiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Métodos , Células-Tronco , Revascularização Transmiocárdica a Laser , MétodosRESUMO
Objective To develop a shear force-induced intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) in vivo animal model, and investigate the relationship between shear stress and IDD. Methods A total of 20 Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. In loading group (n=10), shear force of 50 N was applied on the disc of L4/5 for 4 weeks by a custom-made external shear force loading device. In control group (n=10), the animals underwent a sham operation with the external loading device situated, but their discs remained unloaded. After 4 weeks, all the intervertebral discs of L4/5 were executed for the pathologic examination. Results The postoperative radiographic examination showed a perfect position of the loading device, and the operation process and implanted loading device had no effect on daily activities and diet of the experiment animals. The pathological examination showed an irregular arrangement of annulus fibrosus and a significant decrease of normal nucleus pulposus cells in loading group. Conclusions The new custom made device greatly reduced the wounds on animal vertebra and provided a reliable shear force. The development of in vivo animal model indicates that IDD can be induced by shear force, which is of significance to further study the relationship between loading and IDD.
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Objective To explore the situation of AIDS-related high risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) ever experienced partner-seeking in different sites. Methods Target sampling for cross-sectional study ( "snowball" ) and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences of high risk behaviors related to AIDS. 1834 MSM were studied in nine cities who sought sex partners through internet, bars or bath ponds. Results Compared to the other corresponding groups, those MSM from the bath pond group had a significant larger number of total sexual partners, chances of having anal and oral sex with same sex, and ones of anal sex in the previous six months with the median number as 40, 16, 20 and 4 respectively. Interact group had a higher rate of bleeding (36.4%) when having sexual intercourse in the previous year and a lower proportion of 8.7% exchanged sex for money, and 14.9% and 13.3% in both bar and bath pond groups respectively. Bar group had significant lower rates of condom use with 79.6% while having sex with men and 45.3% with women, but higher rates(28.9% ) ever participated in group sex in the last year and 4.2% with H1V infection. Conclusion MSM had high risk behaviors related to AIDS appeared in different sites when seeking partners. Intervention strategy should be taken, according to the characteristics of different subpopulations, especially on the bath pond group.
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Objective To investigate the AIDS-related high risk behaviors of men who havesex with men (MSM) who ever exchanged money for the same sex. Methods Target sampling forcross-sectional study and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences ofAIDS-related high risk behaviors between MSM with the experience of exchanging money for thesame sex and those without that experience. 1959 rstadied samples were recruited in nine cities. SPSS13.0 was used and t, x 2 and Mann-Whitney tests were taken for statistical analysis. ResultsCompared to corresponding ones without "buying" the same sex experience, MSM who ever engagedin "buying" sex had the characteristics of being prone to in marriage and living in larger cities witholder age and higher income (P＜0.01). They also had a significant larger number in the followingevents: total sexual panners, anal sex and oral sex episodes with same sex, number of sexualpartners, anal sex and oral sex in the previous six months, with the figure of median 50.0, 20.0,20.0, 5.0,4.0,5.0 respectively. 31.5% had ever participated in 'group sex', 48.0% had sex with malepartners away from his own region in the previous year, 70.5% had sexual intercourse withstrangers at MSM avenues in the last six months. The OR (95% CI) values were 2.288( 1.702-3.077), 3.231 (2.462-4.241 ), 2.840 (2.140-3.770). All the above mentioned figures werehigher than those without the experience, with significant differences. They had a significant lower rate of 45.7% of condom use while having sex with female partners (P＜0.05). Conclusion MSM with the experience of exchanging money for the same sex would have more AIDS-related high risk behaviors, AIDS preventative measures should be taken to target different subgroups.
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Objective To investigate the behavioral characteristics of men who have sex with men(MSM)with sadomasochism associated bleeding and to analyze the relationship with HIV/AIDS high risk behavior.Methods Using modified snowball sampling methods(target sampling methods)to carry out a cross-sectional study on persons with behavior of sadomasochism that associated with bleeding in MSM,using a valid questionnaire.Another control group without the related behavior was set up.SPSS 13.0 was used.Results People practicing sadomasochism associated with bleeding had higher percentage in the following indicators:number of accumulated same gender sexual partners (median=20),anal intercourse(median=10),oral intercourse(median=10),hand intercourse (median=15)with same gender sexual partners,number of same gender sexual partners in the previous six months(median=4),numbers of anal intercourse(median=3),hand intercourse(median=3),were more than in the control group.People with sadomasochism associated bleeding had higher rates in the following behaviors:condom was ever broken or slipped in the previous six months (22.6%),suffering from disease of sexual transmitted infections(28.0%),involving in group-sex intercourse(34.8%),having sex with same sex strangers at the place for MSM in the previous six months(62.2%),ever having initiative or passive behavior of oral-anal sex(64.0%),fist-sex(18.9%),finger-sex(66.7%),bleeding during sexual intercourse(58.3%),first coition object was pupil (33.8%),having strong suicide attempts(33.3%)and suicide attempt(23.6%)etc.were more than in the control group.Conclusion MSM who had the behavior of sadomasochism which associated with bleeding had the higher percentage of HIV/AIDS high risk behaviors than the persons without those behaviors.The latter group called for special concern on interventions.
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Objective To explore the risk of sexual behaviors related to AIDS among unmarried men who often have sex with women.Methods Study objectives were recruited through target sampling and anonymous questionnaires were adopted.Men' s sexual behaviors were compared with each other between the group of men who always had sex with women (group A) and who never had sex with women (group B) in the past 6 months.Results The average numbers of same-gender partners among group A who acted as the male role in the past 6 months and who had anal intercourse in the last month were 5.64 and 3.09 respectively,which were both higher than those of group B's (P＜ 0.05).The rate of condom use among men in group A when having sex with men was 81.94% .The percentages of condom use among men in group A who having had oral or anal sex with male sex buyers last time were 15.38% and 70.27% respectively.They were all higher than those of group B' s (P＜0.05 or 0.01 ).The rates of men in group A who were male sex workers and who having had sex with unknown men in gay places during the past 6 months were 27.59% and 61.70% respectively.Among group A,the percentages of men who had had sex with unknown men during the last time and who had had sex with nonlocal male partners during the past year were 43.06% and 40.28% respectively.They were all higher than those of group B's (P＜0.01).The percentage of condom use among men in group A when having had sex with women during the past 6 months was 68.94%,but only 25.96% of the men used condom regularly.The rate of condom use in men from group A when having sex with women during the last sexual intercourse was 65.45%.Conclusion HIV high-risk sex behaviors were more ubiquitous among unmarried MSM who always had sex with women,suggesting that different interventions be developed to prevent them from transmitting HIV from MSM to women or other men.
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Objective To study the AIDS related high risk behaviors and psychological appearances among men who have sex with men (MSM) who ever experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA).Methods Target sampling for a cross-sectional study was developed and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences of high risk behaviors related to AIDS and psychological appearances betwen those with or without CSA experiences among 2147 MSM from nine cities.Results Compared to corresponding ones without CSA experience,CSA group had a significant larger numbers in the following events: total sexual partners,anal sex episodes with same sex,female sexual partners and anal sex in the previous six months,with the figures of median as 20.0,10.0,3.0,3.0 respectively.In the previous year,30.8% of them had ever participated in 'group sex',19.2% ever exchanged money for sex,36.7% bled while having sexual intercourse,37.3% had sex with male partners away from his own region.All the above said figures were higher than non-CSA group,with significant differences.It also appeared that CSA experience had an impact on significant lower rate of condom use (67.3%) in the last anal sex.Those with CSA experience had more psychological problems which appeared as: 75.6% considered they would suffer from serious discrimination if their sexual orientation ever disclosed,34.7% had a strong intention of suicide and 24.3% ever having had suicidal attempts.The differences of the two groups showed statistical significance.Condusion CSA experience not only increased the number of AIDS related high risk behaviors in adulthood,but also had negative impact on their psychological appearances.It is of urgent need to carry out psychological intervention approaches to target on MSM with CSA experiences while childhood sexual education and rights assurance towards juvenile population should also not be neglected.
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Objective To explore the risks on sexual behaviors related to AIDS among men who having sex with men (MSM) in floating population and to develop relevant interventions. Methods Study objectives were recruited through target sampling and anonymous questionnaires were adopted. Male sexual behaviors were compared between floating population and permanent registered residents.Results Among those MSM, the average numbers of same-gender partners, oral sex, anal sex and sex with females during the past 6 months among floating population were 9.61, 8.61, 7.52 and 1.17 respectively. Numbers of partners on oral sex and anal sex during the past month were 2.89 and 3.69 respectively. Both figures were higher than those of the permanent registered residents (P<0.05 or P< 0.01). The rates of condom use among floating population when having anal sex with men or with non-marital female partners were 37.15% and 23.28% respectively. The figures were all higher than those of permanent registered residents' (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among floating population, the percentages of men who had sex with male sex workers or who had sex with men acquainted through inter-net or with stable female sex partners were 17.89%, 12.56%, and 31.86% respectively. The rates of men who had group sex among gay men, who bled when having sex with men or who had sex with men from other areas during the past year were 22.13%, 31.38% and 32.36% respectively. The figures were all higher than those of permanent registered residents' (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Sex-related high risk behaviors were more ubiquitous among floating population than those of permanent registered residents because they were more likely to transmit HIV to people from/to other areas. More attention should be paid to the floating population with MSM in particular, when health interventions are carried out.
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Objective To explore the associations between partner-seeking activities through internet and HIV/AIDS related risk behaviours among men who have sex with men(MSM).Methods Target sampling.anonymous questionnaires were adopted and analyzed with SPSS 11.0.Results Data from 45.6% of the 2178 valid questionnaires showed that most partner-seeking activities was through internet.73.1% of them landed on gay website.in which 83.0% looked for sexual partners and 91.7% of them had intercourse with other men met through internet when compared with MSM who did not seek sex activities through internet.The internet group obviously had fewer numbers of partners(5.73 vs.10.3),oral sex partners(5.13 vs.8.71),passive anus sex partners(4.67 vs.8.26)and active anus sex partners (3.51 vs.6.06)in the past 6 months(P＜0.01 respectively)and obviously had fewer group sex(16.7% vs.20.5%)activities in the past one year but had more activities on oral sex(94.7% vs.89.6%),anus sex(95.1% vs.86.5%),regular sexual partner(52.6% vs.46.7%)in the past 6 months(83.4% vs.75.5%)(P＜0.01 respectively)and more likely to have finger intercourse(52.2% vs.38.5%),hemorrhage sexual intercourse(36.4% vs.21.9%,OR=2.04),non-local sexual intercourse(28.1% vs.22.7%)(P＜0.01 respectively).Conclusion Seeking sexual partners through internet had positive and double effects on MSM's risk behaviours.suggesting that it is of urgent need to take the advange of internet and gay website to disseminate HIV/AIDS prevention message.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of NBD-peptide pretreatment of the donor dendritic cells in immune tolerance induction in mouse allograft recipients and investigate the mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BALB/c mouse DCs pretreated with NBD-peptide (NBD-Peptide-DC) were injected into the recipient C57BL/6 mice 7 days before transplantation. Cervical heterotopic heart transplantation model was established using the cuff technique and the cardiac allograft survival time was observed. Pathological analysis were performed to examine the graft injection and the responsiveness of the recipient spleen T cell to the donor alloantigen was determined by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The serum levels of cytokines were determined using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cardiac allograft survival time in the NBD-Peptide-DC-treated group (21.83-/+3.54 days) was significantly longer than that in the Day9-DC group (13.33-/+2.58 days) and PBS-treated group (6.66-/+1.21 days) (P<0.01), with also significantly lower pathological grade for graft rejection (P<0.01). The donor-derived NBD-Peptide-DCs induced alloantigen-specific T-cell hyporesponsiveness. In the NBD-Peptide-DC-treated group, the serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-gamma decreased significantly (P<0.01), but the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 increased significantly (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Injection of donor-derived NBD-Peptide-DCs can leads to donor-specific tolerance in the transplant recipients, and the induction of recipient T-cell hyporesponsiveness and polarization of Th2 response may play important roles in immune tolerance to cardiac allografts.</p>
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Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Células Dendríticas , Biologia Celular , Alergia e Imunologia , Transplante , Rejeição de Enxerto , Alergia e Imunologia , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Alergia e Imunologia , Transplante de Coração , Alergia e Imunologia , Métodos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Peptídeos , Alergia e Imunologia , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the risk sexual behaviors related to AIDS between heterosexual and homosexual men who have had sex with men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Target sampling, anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare sexual behaviors between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total amount of sex partners with same-sex was 13.8 on average among heterosexual men including 3.8 with male partners in the past 6 months. Numbers of male partners who had oral sex with was 10.5 and anal sex was 12.4 which were both less than with same sex. Among heterosexual men, the total number of female partners was 4.9 on average but number of female partners in the past 6 months was 1.7 which were both more than that among the homosexuals who were all in marriage status. The rate of condom use was 68.8% (lower than that among homosexual men), among heterosexual men when having sex with men. The rate of condom use among heterosexual men during last anal intercourse was 91.3% with male partners or 63.7% with females. Both figures were higher than that among the homosexuals. The rates of condom use among the two groups were 91.3% and 71.0% respectively during the last anal intercourse with men which were higher than the corresponding rate of condom use during the last oral sex. The rate of heterosexual men who ever had engaged in group sex was 9.9% in the previous year and the incidence of bleeding was 16.7% during sexual intercourse. 11.4% of them reported ever having had sex with partners from other areas in the last year and 4.2% had experienced same-sex harassment before 16 years of age. 4.6% had paid for male-male sex. All these figures were lower than that of the homosexuals.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The characteristics of high risk sexual behaviors related to AIDS showed much difference in the two groups which called for attention among these groups of MSM.</p>
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Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Epidemiologia , Preservativos , Heterossexualidade , Homossexualidade Masculina , Fatores de Risco , Assunção de Riscos , Parceiros SexuaisRESUMO
Objective To probe the biological degradation of composite bone cement of calcium phosphate and cancellous bone granules,as well as its biophysical and solidifying characteristics.Methods The specimens of composite bone cement were determined by its solidification,which were made of 2.5g calcium phosphate cement mixed either with10%,15%,20%,25%,30%or 35%bone granules of 0.5～1.0mm diameter.The cylindrical specimens of 10mm diameter and18mm length were used for biomechnical test.Furthermore,the bone defect of 5mm?5mm?6mm in12canines were made in L 3 and L 4 verte bral body through anterolateral lumbar vertebral body approach,and composite bone cement with20%bone granules and calcium phosphate cement were filled into the bone defects respectively.The bone formation was evaluated by X-ray and histological examination.Results The composite bone cement with less than20%cancellous bone granules displayed excellent solidifying character,while with the diameter of 0.5～1.0mm and the content of 15%to20%cancellous bone granules,the maximal load and com pressive strength of the composite bone cement were of no significant difference with calcium phosphate ce ment ;but the biomech nical characteristics would decrease if the diameter was1.0～2.0mm despite of the content 15%to20%gran ules.New bone formation were observed in the center of composite bone cement 2months later,and com posite bone cement were replaced mostly by new bone at4months;while in calcium phosphate cement group,only slight degradation occurred at the interface of implant material and host bone at2and4months.Conclusion The composite bone cement of calcium phosphate with20%content and0.5～1mm di am eter of can cellous bone granules can provide the ability of rapid degradation and bone formation.The re sults of study present the basic data of the reparative materials with the composite bone cement for verte-broplasty clinically.